1. The establishment of the consulate marks the beginning of Shantou's port opening. Zong Jian's Chronicle of Chaozhou Memorabilia said: "In the tenth year of Xianfeng (186O), Britain set up a consular office in Shantou." The first chapter of "Sixty Years of Lingdong" said: "In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the British consul also set up a consular office here." The Opening Map of Shantou Expo (page 64, 1860) reads: "This year, Britain set up British Consular Offices in Shantou Chaozhou and other places, with Kenzo as the first consul." He also said: "This year, France set up a consular office in Shantou, with the British consul as the consul." It also reads: "This year, the United States set up a consulate in Shantou, with Barres, a businessman from Deji Foreign Firm, as the consul."
2. The establishment of Chaozhou Customs is a concrete action to implement the Tianjin Treaty. The important record in Shantou Customs Records is: "Chaozhou Customs was established in Xianfeng ten years (1860 65438+ 10/)." The address is Cocoon Island, and the first tax department is Huawei Company of the United States. The tax collection began on June 65438+ 10/9 of that month.
3. The opinions of experts and scholars are worthy of reference.
1At the end of 1996, Shantou was hosted by the Municipal Social Science Federation to commemorate the 35th anniversary of Shantou's opening/kloc-0, the 75th anniversary of Shantou's municipal government, and the 5th anniversary of Shantou Special Economic Zone/kloc-0. Many experts and scholars discussed the opening hours of Shantou and delivered warm speeches. They insist that Shantou's opening hours should be 1860, including: Chen Liming (Cultural Bureau). Their views are clear, and their arguments are sufficient and appropriate. Only one or two people insisted on 186 1 year as the opening time.
1April, 1994, the international "Maritime Silk Road and Chaoshan Culture Seminar" sponsored by Chaoshan Historical and Cultural Research Center was held in Shantou University. Many experts and scholars are also very concerned about the opening of Shantou port, and Zhao, a professor in the history department of Shantou University, has won favorable comments on the paper "Shantou Port Opening and America". He thinks that the opening time of Shantou should be 1860, not 186 1 year.
4. The records of Qing Dynasty are the basis for determining the opening time of Shantou. According to the records of Qing history, the Qing government began to agree that Chaozhou Taiwan Province Province opened its American market for the first time on19/kloc-0 10/0/0/0/0/0/5 (1859 165438+/kloc. Please read the Qing Shi Lu: "Yu Yu: He Guiqing Qin, the American envoy announced the treaty, which was first opened in Chaozhou and Taiwan Province Province with a 10% discount. He Guiqing met with American special envoy John Eliott Ward in Kunshan, and he insisted on three things, such as announcing the treaty. In addition, all articles, as well as the rules and regulations of Shanghai's aftermath, were postponed according to the previous discussion. After the minister made an offer with the envoy, it was clear that the envoy only wanted to bite the hand that feeds him, and make a quick decision, so that he could enjoy peace forever and his sweet words remained soft. Garn allowed all Chaozhou and Taiwan Province provinces to open their markets first in the United States as required, and paid tons of shipping bills according to the new chapter. The rest of the tariff in the new chapter shall be suspended. All the articles written by the minister are Haikou articles, so follow them as a whole. Chaotai province should set up a customs to collect business tax, and the articles of association should be properly discussed with the governor. This is known for more than 600 miles. " The "Qingshi Road" above is the date of approval for Shantou's port opening, and it is also the "instruction" of the court.
All the above are sufficient to prove that Shantou's port opening time should be 1860, not 186 1 year. However, no evidence has been found about Shantou's view of opening a port at 186I.