China, a nuclear physicist, is an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Born in Huaining, Anhui Province, 1945 graduated from the Department of Physics of The National SouthWest Associated University, and 1950 received a doctorate in physics from Purdue University. He has served as an associate researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy academic secretary of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences, and researcher, vice president and deputy director of the Ninth Research and Design Institute of Nuclear Industry. Deputy director of science and technology Committee of science, technology and industry Committee of national defense, etc. He is mainly engaged in nuclear physics, theoretical physics, neutron physics, plasma physics, statistical physics and fluid mechanics, and has made outstanding achievements.
Since 1958, he has organized and led the basic theoretical research on detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state, neutron transport and so on. And made a lot of simulation calculation and analysis on the physical process of the atomic bomb, thus taking the first step of China's independent research and design of nuclear weapons, which led to the completion of the theoretical scheme of China's first atomic bomb and participated in the initiation simulation test before the nuclear test. After the success of the atomic bomb test, he immediately organized forces to explore the design principle of hydrogen bombs. He chose technical channels, organized and led the development and test of China's first hydrogen bomb in 1967. Since the early 1970s, he has worked hard to organize, lead and plan new nuclear weapons, and is an outstanding founder of China's nuclear weapons theory.
Two bombs
Deng Jiaxian, 1924, from Huaining County, Anhui Province. After attending primary and secondary schools in Beiping, he graduated from Kunming Branch of National Southwest Associated University on 1945. 1948- 1950 studied theoretical physics at Purdue University in the United States, and immediately returned to China by boat after receiving his doctorate. 1950- 10 worked in China Academy of Sciences. 1August, 958, he was ordered to lead dozens of college graduates to study the theory of atomic bomb manufacturing. In the following 28 years, Deng Jiaxian always stood in the front line of the design, manufacture and research of atomic weapons in China, and led many scholars and technicians to successfully design atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs in China, which made China's national defense and self-defense weapons reach the advanced level in the world:19641June 16 China exploded its first atomic bomb. These days are important days in the 5000-year history of the Chinese nation, and a new day for the Chinese nation to completely get rid of the era of being trampled upon by others!
After 1967, Deng Jiaxian worked until his death and made many new great contributions to national defense weapons. 1In August, 985, Deng Jiaxian had an operation to remove rectal cancer. In March of the following year, he underwent the second operation, during which he and Yu Min jointly signed a proposal on developing nuclear weapons in People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC). May 1986, the third operation in Deng Jiaxian. He died of systemic hemorrhage on July 29th. "Do one's best and die" is exactly what describes his life. Deng Jiaxian is the founder and pioneer of the nuclear weapons cause of the Chinese nation. General Zhang Aiping called him "the father of two bombs", and he deserved it.
Deng Jiaxian and Oppenheimer.
One year before the start of the Anti-Japanese War, from 1936 to 1937, Jia Xian and I were classmates in Beiping Chongde Middle School for one year. Later, he studied in the United States for two years, and we lived in the same room for 50 years. We were like brothers. From 1949 to 1966, I worked in Princeton Institute for Advanced Learning. During the period of 17, the director was physicist Oppenheimer (1904- 1967). At that time, he was a household name in the United States, because he had successfully led the American atomic bomb manufacturing work during the war. The Institute for Advanced Studies is a small college, including Oppenheimer. There are only five physics professors at most, so I know him well.
Oppenheimer and Deng Jiaxian are architects of atomic bomb design in the United States and China, respectively. They are both heroes of the two countries, but their personalities and personalities are completely different-even going to two opposite extremes.
Oppenheimer is a sharp-edged top figure. When I was in my twenties, I was a graduate student at M Born (1882- 1970) in G? ttingen, Germany. Born wrote an autobiography in his later years, saying that Oppenheimer, a graduate student, often interrupted reports when others made academic reports (including Born's academic reports), went to the podium and picked up chalk and said, "This can be done better in the following ways. When I met Oppenheimer, he was over 40 years old and a household name. Things that interrupt others' reports and embarrass the speaker still appear from time to time, but less than before.
Oppenheimer's speech is very attractive. He is good at rhetoric, and listeners are often fascinated. 1964, in order to celebrate his 60th birthday, three colleagues and I edited a publication. We wrote in the preface: "His article is not easy to read, it contains elegant style and rhythm, and describes all kinds of complex problems faced by mankind in the modern scientific era, which is meticulous and mysterious." Like his articles, Oppenheimer is a complicated person. Many people admire him and admire him, and many people don't like him.
Deng Jiaxian is the most humble person. After talking to him for a few minutes, you can see that he is honest and honest. He is honest and never proud. He is not narrow-minded. He likes the character represented by the word "pure" all his life. Among the intellectuals I know, including China people and foreigners, he is the most peasant in China. I think Deng Jiaxian's temperament and personality are the reasons why he successfully led many workers in all walks of life and made historic contributions to the Chinese nation. People know that he has no selfishness, and people absolutely trust him. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, his institute (the Ninth Academy) set up two mass organizations to fight against each other, just like other units in the country at that time. Deng Jiaxian was able to persuade the two factions to continue their work, and successfully produced a hydrogen bomb in June 1967.
In 197 1 year, when he and his colleagues were criticized and besieged by the Gang of Four, if you and I go to reason with the military propaganda team of the industrial propaganda team, I am afraid that tragedy will happen. When Deng Jiaxian went, he was able to convince the members of the workers' propaganda team and the military propaganda team. This is a real miracle.
Deng Jiaxian is a son with the highest dedication born in thousands of years of traditional culture in China. Deng Jiaxian is China's ideal party member. I thought that if Deng Jiaxian was an American, it would be impossible to successfully lead the American atomic bomb project; If Oppenheimer had come from China, he could not have successfully led China's atomic bomb program. Qian Sanqiang (19 13- 1992) and groves (L.R. Groves, 1896- 1970) who hired them at the beginning were truly knowledgeable and had different views on China society and American society.
National feelings? Proud?
197 1 I visited People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) for the first time and met Jia Xian in Beijing after 22 years' absence. Prior to this, after 1964 China's atomic bomb test, American newspapers have repeatedly mentioned the * * * of this cause. At the same time, there are some rumors that Joan Hinton (Chinese name, formerly known as Joan Hinton) went to China in March 1948 and participated in China's atomic bomb plan. [Joan Hinton worked as an assistant to Fermi (E. Fermi, 190 1- 1954) in Los Alamos Weapons Laboratory in the early 1940s, and participated in the manufacture of American atomic bombs. At that time, she was a young graduate student. ]
197 1 When I saw Jia Xian in Beijing in August, I avoided asking him where he worked. He said he was working in a foreign country, so I didn't ask him again. But I asked him if Joan Hinton was involved in China's atomic bomb work, as rumored by the United States. He said he didn't think so. He will reconfirm and let me know. 1971August 16 On the eve of my return to the United States from Shanghai via Paris, Shanghai * * * invited me to have dinner at Shanghai Tower, and someone in the room sent me a letter, written by Jia Xian, saying that he had confirmed that China's atomic weapons project had won the Soviet Union before the end of 1959. This short message gave me a great shock, and tears filled my eyes for a while, so I had to go to the bathroom for plastic surgery. Afterwards, I wondered why there was such a big emotional shock, for the sake of national pride. Proud of being a pioneer? I still can't figure it out.
"I can't leave!"
Qinghai, Xinjiang, the mysterious ancient Lop Nur, the battlefield where Marco Polo was buried. I wonder if Jia Xian remembers the ancient battlefield text we recited together when we were in Kunming: How vast! The flat sand is vast, inaccessible, the river is entangled, and the mountains are disputed. It's dark and miserable, and the wind is sad. The grass withered and it was freezing in the morning. Birds can't fly, animals will die. The director of the pavilion told him, "This ancient battlefield is also! Long Fu three armies, often ghosts cry, the sky is overcast. " I don't know what it's like to bury my colleagues in the desert where grass is cut off and grass is cut off.
When "roughly estimating" parameters, we should have physical intuition; When planning round-the-clock calculations, you should have mathematical insight; We should have courage and correct judgment when deciding this plan. But whether this theory is accurate enough has always been a question. I wonder if Jia's hand trembled when he first signed the key plan. Sandstorms often roar in the Gobi desert, and the temperature is often above MINUS 30 degrees. Temporary problems, large and small, will emerge one after another during the nuclear weapons test. Although Jia Xian is known as a "lucky general", accidents are always inevitable. 1982, after he became the president of the nuclear weapons research institute, suddenly there was no signal monitored underground. Everyone is anxious. People advised him to go back. He just said, "I can't go!" " .