Problem description:
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Analysis:
A national musical instrument in China belongs to plucked instrument.
surname
Ruan: The speaker is round, with twelve pillars and four strings. It's a fake nails or a pick. It can be used for solo, ensemble, song and dance accompaniment or playing in a national band. It has rich artistic expression.
During the Han Dynasty, many musical instruments were introduced into China. In the second year of Emperor (1 15 BC), Zhang Qian went to Wusun (now Uzbek), and Wusun Wang Kunmi married Han. Before Princess Wu Sun got married, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered craftsmen who knew music to refer to Qin, Zheng, architecture, sleeping and so on.
The existing frescoes of the Palace of Horizm Kingdom in ancient Central Asia include Ruan Xian, which is a work in the 4th century AD, indicating that Ruan Xian originated in Central Asia and was introduced into the Central Plains of China through Qiuci.
Ruan Xian, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17 ~ 42O), was an outstanding musician and liked playing this instrument best. At that time, he was already playing Ruan and tended to be stereotyped. Due to Ruan Xian's skillful performance and the society's admiration for the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest at that time, this instrument was once popular all over the country and became the main instrument for chorus solo, ensemble or accompaniment. Later, Ruan was once lost because of social unrest.
On the reliefs of Maijishan Grottoes in Gansu and the murals of the Northern Wei Dynasty in Dunhuang, we can see that Ruan's shape is similar to the present one.
Ruan is a plucked instrument in China. Ruan was always called "Qin Pipa" in ancient times. During the Qin Dynasty in the second and third centuries BC, people added strings to small drums with handles to make plucked instruments, which were called "pottery". Later, people referred to Zheng, Zhu and other musical instruments, and created a more advanced musical instrument than Xianfei, called Qinpipa, which was the predecessor of Ruan.
Around the third century AD, there was a musician named Ruan Xian, who was very good at playing this kind of "Qin Pipa" with a circular loudspeaker. Because of his superb playing skills, he is deeply loved by the people, and people gradually use his name "Ruan Xian" to call this instrument. However, Ruan, the abbreviation of Ruan Xian, began in the Song Dynasty more than 1000 years ago.
Ruan's shape is very simple, consisting of three parts: head, stem and body. The piano head is generally decorated with traditional China bone carvings such as Dragon or Ruyi, and four chords are installed on both sides. Ruan's piano body is an oblate resonance box, which is glued by front panel, back panel and frame panel. Ruan's structural principle, production materials and playing techniques have many similarities with pipa.
In recent years, with China's emphasis on national musical instruments, musicians have also reformed Ruan, developing tenor Ruan, alto Ruan, tenor Ruan and bass Ruan.
Ruan, a high-pitched instrument, has a clear and bright pronunciation and often plays the main theme in the band.
Zhongruan is an alto instrument, with quiet and soft tone and poetic tone. In ensemble, it often plays melodies and interludes, which has a touching effect. As accompaniment, rich rhythm changes can highlight the characteristics of music. Using more than two zhongruan musicians to play harmony in the band will enrich the middle part of the plucked instrument group.
Da Ruan is five degrees lower than zhongruan, which is similar to the cello in western musical instruments. When a band plays a melody, it is often combined with zhongruan octave to enhance the zhongruan effect, which is most suitable for setting off lyric melody. Playing single tone or * * * can strengthen the sense of rhythm and set off the warm and unrestrained effect of music. The bass Ruan has a deep voice, just like the double bass in western musical instruments.
Ruan surname source:
1, with Guo as the surname, after Hao Tao. There was Ruan State in Shang Dynasty, which was a vassal state of Shang Dynasty. The whistle is in Jingchuan County, Gansu Province today. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Prince Wang Jichang of Xiqiao destroyed the country of Ruan, and the original clan of Ruan Wang agreed to take the country name as the surname and became the surname of Ruan. Later, in order to avoid vendetta, people named Ruan were scattered all over the country. According to "Tongzhi Imperial Clans", "Ruan was a vassal of Shang Dynasty, and his country was between Qi and Wei." It can be seen from the poem that Zhou Wenwang invaded Ruan Liao, and later generations took the country as their surname.
2, from Yan, also belongs to Hao Tao. According to legend, he was born in Qufu and his surname was Yan. Later, some people took Ruan as their surname.
3. There is a Shi who changed his surname to Ruan. According to "Southern History", at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a person named Shi who changed his surname to Ruan.
The name of a hall
Bamboo Forest Hall: During the Three Kingdoms period, Ruan Ji was one of the seven sages of bamboo forest, and once served as an official to an infantry captain.
Great names in history
(about 165-2 12): A writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", whose name was Yu, was Chen Liuwei (now Wei Henan). He once toasted Cao Cao's Air Force, took notes, wrote poems and was good at writing books, and wrote Ruan Ji.
Ruan Ji (2 10-263): Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, a writer, a celebrity, a descendant of Chen Liuwei (now Wei is in Henan), and one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". He reads widely, especially Zhuang Lao, who has Ruan Sizong's library. He has more than 80 poems about breasts, which is very famous.
Ruan Xian: A famous person in Wei and Jin Dynasties, whose name was Zhong Rong, was born in Wei (now Wei in Henan), the nephew of Ruan Ji, and one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Proficient in temperament, good at playing pipa, and once served as assistant minister of Sanshou riding.
Ruan Xiaoxu (479-536): Scholar Chen Liuwei (now Weishi, Henan) was born. He wrote "Seven Records", modeled on the classification of "Seven Views on Books", and classified 6,288 books with 44,520 volumes at that time into seven records: classics, biographies, essays, techniques, Buddhism and Taoism, and immortals, which have now been lost. At present, Hong Guangming Ji has 55 prefaces, which can be tested for its classification.
Ruan Yuan: Yuan Bo, a native of Yuntai, was born in Yizheng, Jiangsu in the Qing Dynasty. Qianlong fifty-four years (1789) Jinshi. During Jiaqing and Daoguang years, he served as assistant minister of the Ministry of Housing, Ministry of War and Ministry of Industry, governor of Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi, governor of Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan, and a university student of Tijen Hall. He advocated revising the History of Qing Dynasty, The Scholars and Biography of Wen Yuan, and took it as his duty to advocate academics. He founded Jingjing Jingshe in Zhejiang and studied in Guangdong Haitang. He wrote more than 65,438+080 kinds of collations, classic compilations and Huang Qing's classic compilations of Thirteen Classics. Daoguang died in the 29th year (1849) at the age of 85.