Meng Haoran was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was useful to the world in his early years, but he was politically frustrated and lived in seclusion for life. He is an honest and clean man, and he doesn't like to please others. His Geng Jie disobedient character and naive and noble sentiment are admired by contemporary and future generations. Li Bai praised him and said: "The beauty is unlucky, so don't focus on the car, but on the clouds; Now, "White-haired" said admiringly: "Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, just to pay tribute to Chun Xiang (A Word to Meng Haoran). Wang Shiyuan said in the preface to Meng Haoran that he was "handsome in appearance and handsome in spirit; Rescuing patients, resolving disputes, in order to establish righteousness; Irrigation of vegetables and bamboo is noble. " Wang Wei once painted his portrait in Yunzhou Pavilion with the title "Haoran Pavilion". Later generations respected him and refused to call him by his first name, so he changed his name to "Meng Ting" and became a local scenic spot. It can be seen that he is famous among ancient poets.
Meng Haoran's life experience is relatively simple, and the theme of poetry creation is also very narrow. Meng's poems are mostly five-character short stories, mostly pastoral poems and secluded poems, and most of them are in the mood of serving immortals. Although it is not without cynicism, it is more of a poet's self-expression. He and Wang Wei also said that although Wang's poems are far less extensive and profound, they have unique artistic attainments.
Meng's poems are not carving, but thinking, full of Miaomiao's complacent interest, not frugal and barren. He is good at exploring the beauty of nature and life, immediately understanding the scene and writing his true feelings at the moment. For example, Qiu Deng Wan Shan sends Zhang Wu, Summer is in the South Pavilion, Guo Zhuang, Night Sleeping in Jiande, Night Song of Deer Gate, etc. , naturally become muddleheaded, but the artistic conception is clear and full of charm. Du Fu said that his poems and sentences in the Qing Dynasty were "perfect" ("Relieve boredom") and praised him for "why bother to write poems, they often give thanks" ("send happiness"). Pi Rixiu said: "Mr. Wang's works meet the needs of the scenery, regardless of strangeness, which makes those dirty and bound people have the enthusiasm to do things. If you lose, it is a coincidence and unfortunate. " The beauty of the Northern Qi Dynasty' hibiscus is exposed, and willow is sparse in the middle of the month'; Mr. Wang has Wei Yun Lian Han, Shu Yu Wu Tong. Yuefu Rong' sunshine on the sand, wind and spring turbidity'; The king said, "The fog of clouds and dreams has trapped Yueyang." . Xie's poems are "dew wet cold pond grass, the moon is clear"; Mr. Wang has "the wind sends lotus fragrance, and the bamboo leaves drip." "This is better than the ancients." His lyrical works, such as "Returning to the South Mountain at the End of the Year", "Feeling on the River at the Beginning of Cold", "Climbing the Wild Mountain with Friends", "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" and "Talking about Wanshan", etc. Often touched by the ethereal spirit, the brushwork is like nothing, but the meaning is profound and inexhaustible. Yan Yu uses Zen as a metaphor for poetry, which means that Haoran's poem is "wonderful" (Cang Bian). In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen introduced Yan Yan and "the theory of verve", with Wang Meng as the ancestor. He once took Haoran's poem "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at midnight" as a model and said: "At this point, poetry is empty, politics is like a gazelle, and there is no trace to be found. The painter called Yipin. " On the basis of inheriting Tao and Xie, the pastoral poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty has made new development and formed a school of poetry. Among his masterpieces, Meng Haoran is the longest. He is the pioneer and has great influence on that time and later generations. His poems are based on broadmindedness, but "there is a strong and free-spirited spirit in broadmindedness" (Tang Yingui cited Pu Yin for money). For example, "Clouds dream up and fog around Yueyang City" ("Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang") is linked with Du Fu's "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the world drifting endlessly" ("Climbing Yueyang Tower"), which has become a famous sentence describing the wonders of Dongting. In Qing Dynasty, Pan Deyu once pointed out: "Pu Qin has been surprised by Xiangyang's poems, such as' Morning Light in Xu Dong'. Lying down in Pukou to smell the fish, the radial sound is dark, and the sunrise weather is divided, which shows that the rivers and lakes are wide and the boat knows the wind. Hanging seats for the morning hair, in the lake. See the middle stream, and press Jiujiang Bear. "In the morning, the incense burner rises and the waterfall sprays Chen Hong." You are full of energy and look down on everything. You can't just look at it and speak clearly. However, this is rare in Meng's poems and cannot represent the main aspects of his style. Generally speaking, the content of Meng's poems is thin, which makes him trapped by space. Su Shi said that he was "high in rhyme but short in talent, such as making wine by internal method without using materials" (quoted from Chen Shidao's Poems on Houshan), which was quite to the point.
Although Meng Xiangyang is the pioneer of Tangshan water poems, his achievements are not as good as Wang Wei's. Why? One is because of his talent, and the other is because his poems are often not as lofty as Wang Wei's. Meng Haoran has been an official all his life, and his heart is not sweet. This situation often appears in his poems, which makes his poems cold and frugal. Wang Moshu, however, was an official all his life. After many twists and turns, he had a profound understanding of the changes of the world. This emotion originated from poetry is often interesting and difficult to pursue.
Although, Meng's poems have their own merits. His poem Far Away not only inherits Tao Qian's thoughts, but also does not diminish Wang Wei. For example, sentences such as "Going south to the wild, because the leaves are falling, the north wind comes to Shui Han" and "There is a breeze on both sides of the strait, and the moonlight is alone" can really be described as "empty and comfortable, indifferent", which is worthy of being a masterpiece in landscape poetry.
In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), Wang Shiyuan of Yicheng received Meng Haoran's poems and got 2 18 poems. He lost his book. Meng Haoran's poetry collection, which is now widely circulated, contains 263 poems, 45 more than Wang Ben's, including other people's works. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty.
Spend the night on Jiande River.
meng haoran
When my boat was moored in the fog,
At dusk, guests are worried about new ones.
How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven,
Jiang Qingyue is close to people.
[Notes]
1. Jiande River: refers to the section of Xin 'an River that flows through Jiande County (now Zhejiang).
2. berthing: stop the ship and dock.
3. Yanzhu: refers to the small sand state shrouded in fog in the river.
[Brief analysis]
This poem describes the night view of the river and shows the poet's travel worries.
Starting from the sentence "when my boat is moving in the fog", "moving the boat" means moving the boat; "Parking" refers to overnight parking; "Yanzhu", a hazy small continent. This sentence points to the theme and introduces the poet's foothold in appreciating the scenery. In the second sentence, "Sunset" means dusk, and "worrying about new guests" means that the poet is in a foreign land, which only increases his sorrow. This sentence describes the poet's mood of enjoying the scenery.
The third sentence is about the prospect of the river. "How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven", the poet stood at the bow of the boat, looking as far as he could, and the sky in the middle and far of the wilderness was lower than the nearby Woods. The fourth sentence is a close-up of the river. "How close the moon looks in the water!" The river is clear and the moon reflected in the river seems to be closer to the poet on board. This special sight can only be enjoyed on the boat. In this very successful comparative description, the poet's subtle sadness is shown.
The first two sentences of this poem are touching scenes, and the last two sentences are lyrical. The whole poem is light, tasty and chewy.
Meng Haoran is a representative figure of landscape poetry school in Tang Dynasty. It is said that once, he went to Chang 'an to attend a literati poetry meeting. He improvised poems and wrote two good poems, "Wei Yun is a faint river, raindrops are scattered on the buttonwood" (thin clouds are lightly rubbed on the Milky Way, and sparse raindrops are dripping among the buttonwood leaves). Everyone was so impressed that they stopped writing poems.
[Appreciation]
This is a poem expressing the sadness of the journey. In the first two sentences, the poet's boat was moored at the edge of a smoky sandbar. When he saw the sunset, a new period of travel sadness was born. In the poet's eyes, Yuan Ye is vast and empty, and the distant sky seems to be lower than the trees, which makes the mood even more depressed. Only the bright moon reflected in the clear river seems to be approaching people actively, bringing some comfort. "How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven, and how close the moon is to the water!" It is a famous sentence that has been circulated for a long time, which vividly reflects the poet's lonely and melancholy mood.
This is a poem expressing feelings about the journey. Jiande River refers to the section of Xin 'an River that flows through Jiande (now Zhejiang). This poem is not set in the background of pedestrians or ships, but in the background of boating at dusk. Although there was a word "sorrow", he immediately turned his brush strokes to the description of the scenery. It can be seen that it is quite distinctive in material selection and performance.
The first sentence of this poem, "when my boat is moving in the fog" and "moving the boat", means moving the boat to the shore; "Berth" means to stop the ship for the night. The ship docked at the edge of a misty continent in the middle of the river. On the one hand, it is a point, on the other hand, it also prepares for the scenery and lyrics behind.
The second sentence "and the sun is getting dark, the old memories begin" and "sunset" are obviously related to "berth" and "smoke" in the previous sentence, because ships need to dock at sunset; It is also because of sunset and dusk that the water on the river appears foggy. At the same time, "sunset" is the cause of "new troubles", and "guest" refers to the poet himself. If we follow the format of the so-called inheritance and transformation in the old poem, it is rare for this second sentence to combine the two meanings in one sentence. Why does "Sunset" propose "New Worried Guests"? We can read a passage in the Book of Songs: "A gentleman is in service, I don't know when." Chickens live in the hustle and bustle, and at dusk, cattle and sheep come down and gentlemen serve. Why not think about it? "("Feng Wang Gentleman in Service ") It is written here that whenever the sun sets, chickens enter the cage and cattle and sheep return to the fence, she misses her husband serving abroad more. In this way, can't you understand the traveler's mood at this time? Originally, when the ship stopped, it should have a quiet rest for one night to eliminate the fatigue of the journey. Who knows that in the evening when birds return to the forest and cattle and sheep go down the mountain, the troubles of traveling suddenly arise.
Next, the poet wrote down the scenery in a dialogue, as if to melt a sad heart into the empty world. So Shen Deqian said, "In the second half, write about the scenery, and the guests worry about themselves." The third sentence says that at dusk, the sky is boundless and wild, and the distant sky looks lower than the nearby trees. "Low" and "open" are interdependent and set off each other. The fourth sentence says that night has come, and the bright moon hanging high in the sky is reflected on the clear river, so close to the people on board, and "near" and "clear" are interdependent and set off each other. "How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven, and how close the moon is to the water!" . This unique scenery can only be enjoyed by people on board. The second sentence of the poem points out that "the guest is worried about the new" These three or four sentences are like the poet's sorrow. In this vast and quiet universe, after some ups and downs, he finally found that there is another lonely moon so close to him at the moment! Lonely sadness seems to find comfort, and poetry comes to an abrupt end.
However, although the words are stopped, the meaning is still unfinished. Imagine what the recent month will cause in the poet's mind at this moment. There seems to be a little joy and comfort, but after all, I can't dispel new worries. How much do you know about new troubles? "Thirty years of the emperor, two books sword. Mountains and rivers seek five mountains, and dust makes Luo Jing tired "("Crossing from the Falling Moon "). The poet once rushed into Chang 'an with years of preparation and hope, but now he can only look for wuyue with a cavity of abandoned sorrow. At this moment, he, alone, can't help but feel the sadness of the journey, the yearning for his hometown, the frustration of his career, the disillusionment of his ideal, and the ups and downs of his life. "How close the moon looks in the water!" What we can see in this picture is the clear and calm river and the bright moon in the water accompanied by the poets on board; But what can't be seen in the picture and should be appreciated is that the poet's sadness has flowed into the ocean of thoughts with the river. This concealment, one reality and one emptiness, set each other off into interest and complement each other, which constitutes a person's artistic conception of staying at night in Jiande River, and his heart goes with the bright moon. Yes, isn't this kind of "staying" and "not staying" the meaningful expression of "recalling the old days at sunset"? "People have seven emotions and should feel things; Is it natural to feel things and sing? " (Liu Xie, Wen Xin Diao Long Ming Shi). It is in this "natural outflow" that Meng Haoran's short poems are integrated with scenes, thinking and environment, showing a natural charm, light interest and implicit artistic beauty.