The study of "self-growth" adventure that can reasonably satisfy children shows that the highest risk behavior is more common among teenagers around 14 years old, and the probability of car accidents among young people is four times higher than that of older drivers; The probability of death in a car accident is three times that of the elderly. About 250,000 14-year-old teenagers suffer various accidental injuries in Shanghai every year, and nearly 30% of the accidents occur on holidays. At present, accidental injury has become the first cause of death of children aged 0- 14 in China, accounting for about 50% of the child mortality rate. Experts point out that adventure is a part of young people's mental growth. Summer vacation is coming, which is a good opportunity for teenagers to take risks. How should parents reasonably guide their brave spirit and prevent their accidental injuries? On June 25, CCTV broadcast a video in the news broadcast: two children were crossing the road in the endless traffic. The two men rushed across the road three times in the gap between the speeding cars; But at the fourth intersection, the first child ran past, and the second child ran to the middle of the road. After being hit by a speeding car for more than two meters, he fell to the ground ... Every year, about 2,565,438+teenagers under the age of 4 in Shanghai suffered various accidental injuries, of which nearly 30% accidents occurred on holidays. At present, accidental injury has become the first cause of death of children aged 0 ~ 14 in China, accounting for about 50% of the child mortality rate. Adolescence is a period of high risk. The summer vacation is coming, which is a great opportunity for him to take risks. Then, how should parents guide their brave spirit and prevent them from being accidentally hurt? Teenagers are more willing to take risks. Young people are the best drivers because they have soft muscles, quick response and bright ears. However, the research of American Highway Safety Insurance Institute shows that the probability of young people having a car accident is four times that of older drivers. The probability of death in a car accident is three times that of the elderly. Car accident is one of the most important causes of accidental death of teenagers. Why is this happening? Zhang Chun, director of Nanjing Psychological Crisis Intervention Center, said that there is only one reason: young people like to take risks! A study by the University of London in the United Kingdom also proves this point: the researchers asked 86 men aged between 9 and 35 to play computer games. The results show that teenagers feel happier than people of other age groups in the situation of "lucky escape". Zhang Chun said that with the growth of age, all kinds of risky behaviors continue to appear and reach the peak in adolescence. The most high-risk behaviors were found in 14-year-old adolescents. In risk-taking, there is a kind of "risk-taking allowed by society", which contains positive and valuable courage. For example, a student of Peking University was recently killed in Fenghuangling because he ventured to climb a dangerous road. A group of British college students successfully explored an underground cave on the Greek island of Crete (the bottom of the cave is more than 550 meters above the ground), which is the first time that humans have entered this cave. There is also a kind of "problem behavior", whose adventure is to seek * * *. For example, two young people in Idaho died playing dangerous games. The police suspect that they deliberately cut off the blood supply to the brain in order to make the brain "roar" caused by short-term hypoxia, and they lost their lives; Just a few weeks ago, two young people were killed while playing "surfing" on the top of a high-speed car. For another example, in Colombia, some teenagers are obsessed with "sleep games". When the train roared by, they were lying in the gap between the train and the tracks, looking for * * *. These risks include drug abuse, drinking, smoking, fighting and other unprotected behaviors. Adventure is the nature of teenagers. Why are people keen on taking risks when they are teenagers? Psychologists say that adventure is part of the mental growth of young people. When the baby is born, it is a mess. People and I don't care, and things and I don't care. There is no "self-awareness"; 1.5 to 2 years old, children have an initial self-concept and begin to call themselves "I" in the first person; When I was close to 3 years old, I could walk and talk, and my self-awareness was enhanced, showing my desire for independence, such as eating by myself, playing in a puddle, and saying "no" to my mother without thinking. In adolescence, "self-awareness" has undergone a qualitative change, and "self-awareness" has never been higher. At this time, teenagers show two psychological characteristics-experience: out of the need for "self-role" experience, they always want to get new differences related to "self". "Problem behaviors" such as dangerous games in the experience. Growth: During this period, teenagers point their psychological processing to their inner world and begin to design themselves, hoping to grow up. "Exploration" activities, such as exploring the unknown, tempering the will and broadening the spiritual horizon, have a strong appeal to them. Why do teenagers tend to go to extremes when they "experience themselves" and "grow themselves"? American psychologists want to solve this problem and study their brains. First of all, experts found that the "striatum area" of teenagers' brains is as active as adults when they are rewarded. The "striatum region" is sensitive to the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine is mainly responsible for transmitting information such as excitement and happiness, and it is a kind of "happiness hormone". Why are teenagers as sensitive to "happy hormones" as adults? Because the "striatum area" of teenagers is fully developed. The study also found that the "prefrontal lobe" of teenagers' brains is not fully developed, so they can't correctly understand the danger. The "prefrontal lobe" can inhibit the "happy response", so teenagers can't "think twice before acting" like adults when facing happiness. Therefore, when they "experience themselves" and "grow themselves", they cannot scientifically assess the danger. Moreover, the adventurous impulse of teenagers is also related to the blank of "dangerous memory". When they are impulsive, it is impossible for the brain to shout out "dangerous memory (experience)" to control the impulse. An American mother said that her 13-year-old daughter burst her eyes and facial blood vessels while playing "choking game" with a friend next door. "She's really scared. She said she would never play again. " The little girl has a "dangerous memory" since then. Teenagers today prefer to take risks. Psychologists have found that teenagers today are more adventurous than their parents. They especially like skateboarding, skiing, cross-country cycling and other extreme sports, even including "choking game". American media reported that a 20-year-old young man, 12 years old, began to perform aerial stunts by bike. He said: "Our generation is pursuing individuality. For us, every scar on our body is a symbol of courage! " He accidentally broke his right forearm in half when he fell from the sky. However, after his recovery, he returned to the car world. He said: "Participating in this sport is all about finding feelings. Although I know it's dangerous, I can't imagine what my life would be like without these things. " Why do teenagers have "dangerous memories" and still can't control the impulse to take risks? American psychologists say that these young "adventure kings" have become "adrenaline addicts"! Experts say that during their growing up, they are constantly tempted by TV and video games such as * * *. There are many new things, and I no longer feel new. Only by increasing the difficulty of the performance can we attract attention and make our hearts more * * *. How to prevent and reduce accidental injuries among teenagers? In particular, parents need to guard against unprotected "problem behaviors" such as drug abuse, alcoholism, smoking and fighting. Zhang Chun suggested: First, observe the children's playmates. After the "surge of self-awareness", young people gradually formed a strong sense of individuality, independence and adulthood. Parents' earnest safety education has long been dispelled by their strong sense of independence and adulthood. And people are socialized people. After entering adolescence, the influence of peers far exceeds that of parents. Therefore, the "adventure" behavior of teenagers shows the characteristics of "partner adventure". In this way, parents should know "who does the child love to be with?" Only in this way can children's "problem behaviors" be discovered in time and effectively stopped. Secondly, reasonably satisfy children's "self-growth" adventure. How to guide the "self-growth adventure" with a positive, valuable and brave spirit while avoiding its risks? A friend said that his mother wouldn't let him go swimming when he was a child. Every night when he comes home, his mother will scratch his leg with her nails, because the water in their river contains nitrate. If it enters the water, it will leave a white mark. If you draw a white seal, mother will beat him up and forbid him to eat. But the next day, as long as his classmates shouted, he would still go swimming in the river happily. It is a child's nature to like adventure. Limiting this day is not conducive to the maturity of children. Moreover, parents can't suppress this nature, just as a mother won't let her son swim by beating him up, but his son will still swim. So what should we do? Transform children's playgrounds and guide children to participate in adventure activities or extreme sports with perfect safety facilities. The suggestion put forward by British experts to encourage "adventure" is simple, that is, to transform children's playgrounds, so that children can meet the needs of adventure there, enjoy the fun of adventure and avoid unnecessary adventures in the wild. What about teenagers? Experts suggest that they should be guided to participate in adventure activities with perfect safety facilities, such as rock climbing, simulated windsurfing and swimming areas. The problem of "extreme sports" is more difficult. A spokesman for the American College of Surgeons said: All we can do is to emphasize to them the importance of wearing safety equipment such as helmets and wristbands!