Morphological feature editing
The root of broomcorn millet is a straight root, and the taproot is developed and buried deeply. The stems are erect, highly lignified and cylindrical.
Combined Atlas (2 sheets)
Description:1~ 2m high, lateral branches, green or dark purple, covered with coarse hairs. Leaves alternate, usually palmately 5~7-parted, with a diameter of 6~ 15 cm, lobes lanceolate to triangular, with irregular serrations on the edge, occasionally shallowly lobed like mechanical leaves, heart-shaped at the base, and sparse bristles on both sides. Petiole slender up to 7~ 15 cm, sparse growth of bristles. Stipules linear, 7~8 mm long. Except for the lateral branches, there are 1 flower in the nodes above the third section of the main stem, which is bisexual and yellow, with five calyx and petal grids. Flowers are solitary in leaf axils, and pedicels are 2~3 cm long and are bristles. Bracteoles 8~ 10, linear, long10 ~13mm; Calyx spatulate, 2~3 cm long, 5-lobed, often caducous; The flowers are yellow, the inner base is dark purple, and the diameter is 7 ~12 cm; Staminal column is about 2.5 cm long, smooth and hairless; Style branches 5, stigma discoid, flowers often open at 8~9 am and wither in the afternoon.
The capsule is oblong, 5~6 cm long, with a sharp tip, yellow or light goose yellow.
Long bristles; The seeds are kidney-shaped, glandular veins and fragrant. Flowering: June ~ 65438+ 10.
2 growth habit editor
Okra is warm, heat-resistant and cold-resistant. The optimum temperature for seed germination, growth and development is 25-30℃, and the optimum temperature for flowering and fruiting is 26-28℃. The monthly average temperature is lower than 17℃, which affects flowering and fruiting, and the night temperature is lower than 14℃, which leads to poor growth. Okra likes light, which requires not only long illumination time, but also certain illumination intensity, sufficient illumination, favorable growth and development, high fruit setting rate, rapid fruit development, high yield and good quality. Okra is drought-tolerant, moisture-tolerant and waterlogging-tolerant, and it needs enough water in the fruiting period to be beneficial to fruit development, otherwise, the plant growth is poor and the fruit quality is poor; Fertilizer requires complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, mainly in the early growth stage and mainly in the middle and late stage. Plants with too much nitrogen fertilizer tend to grow poorly and delay flowering and fruiting, while plants with insufficient nitrogen fertilizer tend to grow poorly and reduce production.
preference temperature
Okra is a short-day vegetable, which likes warmth, heat resistance, cold resistance and frost resistance. The optimum temperature for seed germination, growth and development is 25 ~ 30℃, and the optimum temperature for flowering and fruiting period is 26 ~ 28℃. The monthly average temperature below 17℃ will affect flowering and fruiting, and the night temperature below 14℃ will cause poor growth. Abelmoschus esculentus likes light with sufficient light intensity, which is beneficial to growth and development, and can improve the yield and quality of mushrooms. Okra has wide adaptability to soil, but loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, rich and loose soil layer and strong water and fertility conservation is suitable to avoid continuous cropping.
Okra likes warmth, is afraid of cold and has strong heat resistance. Stop growing below 8℃. When the air temperature is 65438 03℃ and the ground temperature is about 65438 05℃, the seeds can germinate. But the optimum temperature for seed germination and growth period is 25~30℃. The monthly average temperature is lower than 17℃, which affects flowering and fruiting; When the night temperature is lower than 14℃, the growth is slow, the plants are short, the leaves are narrow, the flowers are few and the flowers are many. At 26~28℃, there are many flowers, high fruit setting rate, rapid fruit development, high yield and good quality.
moisture
Okra is drought-tolerant and moisture-tolerant, but it is not waterlogged. Excessive soil moisture in germination stage is easy to induce seedling blight. The fruit period is dry, the plant growth is poor, and the quality is poor. It is necessary to keep the soil moist at all times.
illuminate
Okra is particularly sensitive to light conditions, likes strong light, and requires long illumination time and sufficient illumination. Choose sunny plots, strengthen ventilation, pay attention to reasonable close planting, and avoid mutual shading, which will affect ventilation and light transmission.
land
Nutritional okra has wide adaptability to soil, and can be planted in saline-alkali land, but loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is more suitable. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early stage of growth, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are needed in the middle and late stage. However, if there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, plants will grow in vain, flowering and fruiting will be delayed, and fruit-setting nodes will increase. Insufficient nitrogen fertilizer and poor plant growth affect flowering and fruit setting.
3 Variety classification editing
1 and pentagonal plants are1.5 ~ 2m in height, highly branched and self-basal.
Gumbo pod
There are 3 ~ 4 branches, and the main branch and lateral branch have strong fruiting ability. The fruit is dark green, light green at high temperature, pentagonal, slender and completely hairless. It is early-maturing, heat-resistant, the harvest period can reach more than 130 days, and the yield per mu is about 2500 kg, which is most suitable for planting in tropical areas.
2. The height of Five Blessingg plant is 1.5 ~ 2m, and both main branches and lateral branches can bear fruit. The fruit is green, smooth, pentagonal or even hexagonal. The leaves are completely split. The fifth section of the main branch begins to bear fruit. The output per 666.7 square meters is about 3000 kilograms.
3. The plant height of Okra glabra is1.5 ~ 2m, the stem is cylindrical, the leaves are green, and the length is about10 ~ 20cm. The fruit is dark green and pentagonal, mainly from the main stem. The first flower appears in the axils of the 5th to 7th leaves, and the fruit can grow to 10 6 to 9 days after flowering.
Kaliba Okra was introduced from Japan, with a plant height of about 1.5m, strong fruiting ability of main branches, dark green fruit, light green in high temperature season, pentagonal fruit, slender and completely bristle-free. Early maturity, heat resistance, the harvest period can reach1/kloc-0-130 days, suitable for direct seeding in the open field, with an yield of up to 3500 kg per mu, suitable for planting in most parts of the country. This variety has been processed and exported for many years, and it is a high-quality okra variety worth popularizing. Okra can be divided into round fruit species and pod species according to fruit shape; According to the length of fruit, it can be divided into long fruit species and short fruit species; According to the plant shape, it can be divided into short plants and tall plants. Dwarf plants are about 1 m high, with short internodes, small leaves, few nicks, low flowering nodes, early maturity, few branches, lodging resistance, easy harvesting and suitable for close planting. Tall plants have high plant height, dark green fruits and good quality.
4 geographical distribution editing
Antigua and Barbados, native to Africa, Egypt and the Caribbean, is widely cultivated and is one of the favorite vegetables of people in Africa, America and Southeast Asia. China, introduced from India, has a planting history of about 60 years, with a small amount of cultivation around cities all over the country, mostly in southern cities. At present, it is very popular in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen.
5 planting technology editor
Farming season
Qiukuitian
Okra likes warmth and is afraid of frost. The whole growth period should be arranged in frost-free period, and the flowering and fruiting period should be in warm and humid seasons everywhere. Open field cultivation, sowing in April-June, and harvesting in July-65438+10. Sowing in North China is usually in the middle and late April to May. In northern cold areas, sunlight greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are often used to raise seedlings, and then they are planted in the fields after early spring and late frost.
Land consolidation and border preparation
Abelmoschus esculentus should not be continuous cropping, nor should it be grafted with fruits and vegetables to avoid root-knot nematodes. It is best to choose root vegetables and leafy vegetables as previous crops. Loam with deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil layer and water and fertilizer conservation is more suitable. In winter and after the harvest of previous crops, it is necessary to plough deeply in time, remove 75,000 kilograms of decomposed manure and 300 kilograms of NPK compound fertilizer per hectare, and evenly mix and harrow the ridges. Cultivation methods in open field: row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 12cm, and ditch width 50cm. If the plants are planted in a single row at the edge of fields, roadsides and rivers, the spacing between plants is 12 cm, and there are 3 plants in each hole, which is well ventilated and easy to manage.
Sowing and seedling raising
Live broadcast is the main method. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in warm water at 20-25℃ for 65,438 02 hours, then dried and germinated at 25-30℃ for 48 hours. When the seeds are half exposed, you can sow. Dig pits according to the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 12cm, water the soles of feet first, sow 2-3 seeds in each pit, and cover with soil for 2-3cm. ..
(1) Live broadcast mode Okra live broadcast on multiple lines. Soak the seeds for 12 hours before sowing, and then put them at 25~30℃ to accelerate germination. Seeds begin to germinate in about 24 hours, and 60% ~ 70% seeds are sown when they break. It is advisable to sow in holes, with 3 plants per hole and a hole depth of 2~3 cm. All localities should sow in time after the final frost period, first water, then sow, and then cover the soil for about 2 cm.
(2) Seedling-raising and transplanting method Seeding and seedling-raising were carried out in sunny beds and solar greenhouses in northern China more than in the first half of March. The bed soil is formed by mixing 6 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of fine sand. Soak seeds before sowing to accelerate germination, level the seedbed, and sow at the row spacing of 10 cm, with the covering thickness of about 2 cm. After sowing, the temperature of bed soil should be kept at 25℃, and it will germinate after 4~5 days. Seedling age is 30-40 days. Sow when the seedling grows to 2-3 true leaves. It is best to use plastic pots, nutrient clods and other measures to protect roots and raise seedlings, and cultivate healthy seedlings of appropriate age.
growth cycle
germination period
It takes about 10~ 15 days from sowing to flattening two leaves. Seeding at 25~30℃ for 4~5 days can germinate and be unearthed. Usually, it takes about 7 days for direct seeding seedlings to be unearthed in the open field, and the seedlings can emerge 2~4 days in advance with plastic film mulching.
Seedling stage
It takes about 40~45 days from the flattening of two leaves to the opening of the first flower. Generally, after cotyledons are fully unfolded, the first true leaf unfolds after 15 ~ 25 days. After that, a true leaf appears every 2 ~ 4 days, and the first one or two true leaves are round. Seedling growth is slow, especially when the ground temperature is too low.
Bloom and bear fruit-produce positive results
It takes about 85~ 120 days from the beginning of flowering to the end of harvesting. 50~55 days after emergence, the first flower will bloom. The first or second flower takes a little longer from flowering to harvest. Later, with the increase of temperature, the harvest period was shortened. Usually, the first harvest is about 70 days after sowing. Four days after flowering, the temperature is 28~32℃ during the day and 18~20℃ at night, and it can be harvested. After flowering and fruiting, okra grows faster and stronger, especially at high temperature. In July, a real leaf is unfolded every three days, and it takes 4 to 5 days to unfold a real leaf in September.
Tiantuan management
(1) intercropping
When the heart is broken, it is the first thinning, and weak seedlings are occasionally eliminated. When there are 2~3 true leaves, the second thinning should be carried out and the strong seedlings should be selected. 3~4 true leaves will become seedlings, with 1 plant per hole.
(2) intertillage weeding and ridging
After the seedlings are unearthed or planted, the temperature is low, so they should be cultivated twice in a row to raise the ground temperature and promote the slow seedling. Strengthening intertillage and squatting properly before the first flowering is beneficial to root development. After flowering and fruiting, the plants grow faster. After each watering and topdressing, the plants should be cultivated in intertillage before closing the ridge to prevent the plants from lodging. In rainy and windy areas in summer, it is best to use bamboo poles or branches around 1 m to prevent lodging.
(3) watering and fertilizing
① Watered okra needs high air and soil humidity during its growth. If there is water shortage within 20 days after sowing, artificial sprinkler irrigation should be carried out sooner or later. Mechanical sprinkler irrigation or furrow irrigation can be used after the seedlings are slightly larger. The hot summer is at the peak of okra harvest, with large water demand and high surface temperature. You should water before 9: 00 a.m. and after sunset in the afternoon, so as not to damage the roots by high temperature watering. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season to prevent seedling death. The whole growing period is to keep the soil moist.
(2) On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be appropriate, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied in a partial way. The first time is full seedling fertilizer, which is carried out after emergence, and urea is applied 90~ 120 kg per hectare. The second time is seedling fertilizer. After seedling raising or planting, furrow is opened and application is withdrawn, and 225-300 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hectare. Top dressing at flowering and fruiting stage, 30,000 ~ 45,000 kg of human excrement or 300~450 kg of NPK compound fertilizer. In the middle and late growth period, a small amount of topdressing should be divided into several times as appropriate to prevent premature senescence of plants.
(4) Factory supervision
Under normal circumstances, okra plants grow vigorously, with thick main branches and thick leaves, and flowering and fruiting are often delayed. Twisting branches can be used, that is, twisting the petiole into an arc to control vegetative growth. In the middle and late growth stage, removing the old leaves under the harvested young fruits in time can not only improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, reduce nutrient consumption, but also prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Picking tender fruits at the right time can promote the fruiting of lateral branches and increase the early yield.
choose
It takes about 55 days for okra to form its first tender fruit from sowing. In the future, the whole harvest period will be 90~ 120 days, and the whole growth period will be about 150 days, or even longer. The picking standard of commercial fresh fruit of okra is that the fruit length is 8 ~ 10 cm, the fruit surface is bright green, and the seeds in the fruit are not aging. If the harvest is not timely, the meat will age, the fiber will increase, and the edible value of the goods will be greatly reduced. Generally, after the first fruit harvest, it is harvested every 2~4 days in the early stage, and the harvesting interval is shortened with the increase of temperature. In the fruit-rich season in August, harvest once a day or every other day. After September, the temperature drops, and the crops are harvested every 3-4 days. Use scissors and gloves when harvesting to prevent bristles or thorns on stems, leaves and fruits from stabbing the skin and causing unbearable itching. At this time, washing with soap or baking lightly on the fire can reduce the degree of itching. Usually, the tender fruits are harvested 4 days after the flowers wither, and the quality is the best. The yield per mu is about 2000~3000 Jin.
6 pest control editor
disease
epidemic
Okra can be infected at seedling stage and adult stage. When the seedling grows to 20㎝, the blight spreads from the leaves to the main stem, making the stem thinner and faded until the whole plant withers or knocks down. The diseases of leaves mostly start from the tips or green leaves at the lower part of plants. At the beginning of the disease, it was dark green, waterlogged and amorphous, and turned brown after expansion. Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, 72% manganese zinc, 500 times of fluaziridine WP or 69% Anke manganese zinc WP900 times or 64% antivirus alum WP400 times or 58% metalaxyl and 500 times of manganese zinc WP were sprayed every 7-65,438+00 days for prevention and treatment for 2-3 times.
viral disease
Okra virus disease is the main disease in okra production, and the adult stage is more serious than the seedling stage. The whole plant suffers from this disease, especially the tender leaves at the top, which show mosaic or brown markings. Early infection, low plant strength, little or no fruit. Prevention and control measures: No seeds are left in the diseased fields, and disease-resistant varieties are selected. At the initial stage of the disease, 5% bacterial toxin WP400~500 times or 20% virus AWP400 times or 1000 times or 100 times or 83% resistance enhancer is used for prevention and control for three times, with an interval of 7 ~ 100 times.
insect pest
Poisonous caterpillar
Okra mainly harms the seedling stage, and often feeds on mesophyll after emergence, and leaves veins in severe cases. Control: spray with 10% EC 1500 times solution or 5% ruiqiang SC 1500 times solution or avermectin EC+ fenvalerate EC3000 times solution.
Liriomyza sativae
Okra will be harmed in the whole growth period, mainly to the leaves. It can be controlled with 1.8% avermectin EC 5000 times solution, 52.25% agrotianle EC 1000 times solution, 48% Leben EC 1000 times solution or 5% Regent SC800 times solution.
aphid
Okra can occur in the whole growth period, especially in the adult stage. Imidacloprid pesticides such as 10% once cleaning, 10% aphis cleaning, 10% Dagong, etc. Can be used for 3000 times.
ant
After the okra blooms, ants often gather on the flower organs to do harm. Use 48% Lebenben EC 1000 times solution spray or 5% Regent EC 1500 times solution spray or use Regent 0.3% liquid medicine mixed with sawdust to trap and kill ants.
The harvesting interval of okra is short, and the chemicals used must be pesticides suitable for pollution-free vegetables. Try not to spray them on flowers or fresh fruits.
Noctuidae
The cutworms lie down during the day and come out at night, and often bite off the main stem at seedling stage, resulting in broken seedlings. Generally, sweet and sour liquid is commonly used for trapping or digging in the morning, and special pesticides can also be used for killing.
7 main value editor
The tender fruit (pod) is tender and smooth in meat, unique in flavor and high in nutritional value, comparable to ginseng, but more suitable for daily food supplement than ginseng. Can be fried, boiled, cold, canned, soup and quick-frozen processing. Young fruit also contains a sticky substance, which can help digestion, treat gastritis and gastric ulcer, protect the liver and enhance human endurance. Young leaves can also be eaten. Flowers, seeds and roots have curative effects on malignant sores, carbuncle and furuncle, and have certain anti-cancer effects. Seeds contain more minerals, such as potassium, calcium, iron, zinc and manganese, which can be used to extract oil and protein or as a substitute for coffee.
8 health care efficacy editor
[2] Okra is widely cultivated and applied abroad. Many countries are very optimistic about okra and have a high evaluation. Basically consistent with the domestic evaluation of okra, it is considered that okra has the following three highlights:
1. Green Ginseng
In this regard, China's scientific and technological personnel have also conducted special research. Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Run Most experimental results show that the effect of okra is equivalent to that of ginseng, and it is equivalent when the amount of okra is twice that of ginseng in a few projects (hypoxia tolerance). It's just that the cold tolerance effect is lower than ginseng. It shows that okra does have the effect of "ginseng", and "green ginseng" is well deserved!
Step 2 grow viagra
The United States calls okra "plant Viagra". It is considered that its aphrodisiac effect can be equivalent to Viagra. The results showed that the flowers of okra were rich in flavonoids (about 300 times higher than those in soybean cotyledons), which had the effects of regulating endocrine and anti-aging. But its aphrodisiac effect is different from the chemical drug Viagra (Viagra mainly acts locally). It gradually plays a role through system regulation (anti-fatigue, enhancing endurance and promoting blood), so its effect is milder and more lasting, with no side effects.
3. Athletes' vegetables
Because okra has obvious endurance and anti-fatigue effects, it has long been used as a vegetable for athletes. In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, okra has been included in athletes' vegetables. The experiment showed that the swimming time of the okra group was significantly longer than that of the control group, and the okra group also showed good anti-stress effect in the experiments of tolerance to hypoxia, cold and heat. Okra group can obviously promote the recovery of blood lactic acid after strenuous exercise in the group, and can also significantly reduce serum urea nitrogen. Okra can not only be used as a vegetable for athletes, but also be further developed as an endurance drink for athletes, and can also be used for the development of anti-fatigue food for middle-aged and elderly people and people with excessive mental work.
These experiments strongly prove that okra can improve athletes' endurance, reduce fatigue and improve their stress ability.
9 medicinal value editor
1 Helps digestion and protects stomach: The sticky substance of okra can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, which is beneficial to digestion and stomach;
2. Lowering blood fat: The viscous substance of okra contains 50% soluble cellulose, which can effectively lower serum cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular diseases;
3 hypoxia tolerance: it can improve hypoxia tolerance;
4 liver protection: pectin and polysaccharide of okra have liver protection effect;
5 prevention and treatment of constipation and intestinal cancer: the viscous substance of okra contains 50% soluble cellulose, which is beneficial to laxative, detoxification and cancer prevention;
6 calcium supplement: okra not only contains calcium equivalent to fresh milk, but also has a calcium absorption rate as high as 50-60%, which is 1 times higher than milk, so it is an ideal calcium source;
7 Weight loss: Okra is a low-energy food and a good diet food;
8. Anti-aging: the content of flavonoids is 2.8%, which has anti-oxidation and anti-aging effects;
9 aphrodisiac and anti-fatigue (as mentioned above);
10 beauty and skin care: effective for external use and oral administration.
1 1 Increase endurance and fatigue resistance:
12 Tonifying kidney and strengthening yang:
Impotence accounts for 10% in men, which is the most common symptom of male sexual dysfunction. Therefore, impotence is a topic of great concern to the society, and the advent of Viagra is like impotence patients meeting a savior. However, from the perspective of Chinese medicine, Viagra is inevitably suspected of "supporting fire and toughening yin"!
A large number of drugs and sexual health products used to treat impotence in the market are mainly local aphrodisiac. If these products are used in large quantities for a long time, it will bring serious side effects, often inhibiting the excitement of male hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis, leading to prostate hypertrophy and even aggravating prostate cancer. Therefore, some people vividly compare these aphrodisiac products to a pump, which will inflate tires or puncture them. The new concept of aphrodisiac is to require this tire to be reinforced. In other words, the emphasis has shifted from "local aphrodisiac" to "overall balance" and "whole body conditioning". The aphrodisiac effect of okra is in line with this new concept, so its effect is mild and reliable, and there are no adverse side effects.
13 Anti-aging:
Aging is a natural law, but it can be delayed through hard work. In today's advanced technology, it is entirely possible. Polysaccharides and flavonoids in okra have the effect of delaying aging. As mentioned above, the flavonoids in okra are 100 times that in soybean leaves, which is enough to show that the flavonoids in okra are rich. As we all know, flavonoids can absorb active free radicals through the thalamic barrier (the chief culprit of cell aging), have strong antioxidant capacity, and can complex metal ions that catalyze oxidation, so okra is a high-quality resource for developing anti-aging foods.
14:
Constipation not only brings pain to people because of difficulty in defecation, but also affects the discharge of waste and toxins, leading to many diseases. For middle-aged and elderly people, especially patients with hypertension, it is even more difficult to defecate, which leads to "stroke" and even death. Middle-aged and elderly people are prone to constipation, so preventing constipation has become the focus of health care for middle-aged and elderly people. A large amount of sticky juice in okra is rich in cellulose, which is beneficial to relaxing bowels and can be used as the raw material of this kind of health food.
15 beauty:
Pectin, polysaccharide and SOD in okra have the functions of protecting skin, increasing skin elasticity, delaying aging and removing skin brown spots.
The natural protein in okra seeds is obtained by biotransformation, which can resist wrinkles. Therefore, okra is a natural treasure for skin care and beauty. It can be directly squeezed from fresh fruit for skin care, or extracted from processed products for oral use or external use.
10 Edible Value Editor
Okra is unique in that its tender pods contain viscous juice, which has a special aroma and flavor. This mucus is composed of water-soluble fiber pectin, galactan and Arabic gum, which can help digestion, treat gastritis and gastric ulcer, protect the liver and enhance human endurance. It has also been designated as the first choice vegetable for athletes in many countries and regions, and it is also a health food for the elderly.
Nutrition: The tender pods contain protein, sugar, fat, cellulose, vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus and iron. , suitable for boiling, frying, frying, or pickling, dipping in sauce and making kimchi.
How to eat: Wash okra, blanch it with boiling water, cut it into half-cooked slices, and stir-fry it with shredded pork and garlic cloves. It's delicious. Or dip in soy sauce, seasoning or mayonnaise after boiling, and the taste is tender and crisp. Mature seeds are roasted and ground into fine powder, which is rich in flavor and dissolves quickly. It can be used as a coffee substitute, but it does not contain caffeine.
1 1 Edible method editing
Okra can be eaten in a variety of ways, such as cold salad, stir-frying, deep-frying and soup making. The main utilization methods are as follows:
(1) Gently cut off the pedicels of the fruit in the cold sauce, put it in boiling water for 2 ~ 3 minutes, take it out, rinse it quickly with cold water, cut it into filaments, and add various seasonings for modulation.
(2) Stir-fry the food, put it in boiling water for about 30 seconds after removing the pedicle, remove the water, and cut it into pieces with a thickness of 1 cm for later use. Slice lean meat, stir-fry in oil pan, then add okra slices, stir-fry quickly, add seasoning and serve.
(3) Take a proper amount of flour, fry it, add 1 egg, adjust the water to paste, and use appropriate seasoning. Wrap the pedicled okra in batter, fry it in oil pan until it is milky yellow, take it out of the pan and put it on a plate, dip it in seasoning and eat it.
(4) The soup can be divided into flower soup (flower soup and dried flower soup), tender pod soup and root soup, which can be made into instant soup with fresh meat and eggs, and dried flowers and roots can be made into old fire soup respectively.
12 short-term storage editing
Fresh-keeping okra can be stored for 7 days in the cold storage at 0 ~ 5℃. But it can only be stored for 2 ~ 3 days at room temperature. In hot summer, the temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, and the fruit surface is easy to peel and age. Therefore, fresh and tender fruits should be harvested in the early morning, pruned and put into fresh-keeping bags or plastic boxes, carefully put into cartons or wooden cases, and quickly sent to the cold storage at 0 ~ 5℃ for pre-cooling. The optimum pre-cooling time is 18 ~ 24 hours.
13 quick freezing technology editor
The fruit of okra was frozen by quick freezing method (-65438 08℃), and its effects on the main quality and storage period of the fruit were studied. The results showed that after blanching and quick freezing, the shelf life of okra could reach 9 months. After quick freezing, the fruit is packed in vacuum, and the nutritional loss is the least during storage.
14 Postharvest Preservation Editing
Young pods have strong respiration and are easy to turn yellow and get old after harvest. If it can't be eaten or processed in time, pay attention to preservation. That is, the tender pods are put into plastic bags, cooled to about 10℃ in flowing cold water at 4 ~ 5℃ 10 minutes, and then stored at 7 ~ 10℃ and relative humidity of 95%, which can keep fresh for 7 ~ 10 days. Fresh and tender fruits exported to other places must be cut off in the morning, put into fresh-keeping bags or plastic boxes, then gently put into cartons or wooden cases, and sent to the cold storage at 0 ~ 5℃ for pre-cooling as soon as possible. If the tender pods become dark, soft and Huang Shi, they should be treated immediately and cannot be stored. [ 1]
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