Its real name, character pavilion. People from Shangsi County, Guangxi. Born as an employee, his parents died young. Strong, dare to fight. Tongzhi for four years (AD 1865), led 200 people to participate in the anti-Qing struggle of Guangxi Heaven and Earth Association. Heaven and earth will take the seven-star black flag as the military flag, so it is called the "black flag army."
In six years (AD 1867), the Qing army besieged the Black Flag Army on a large scale. Due to the lack of food, weapons and ammunition, the Black Flag Army is in great danger. Yongfu led his troops into Vietnam and gathered people to settle in Baosheng (now Old Street). Yongfu is good at appeasing the people, with strict military discipline and won the support of the local people. The Black Flag Army has also grown to more than 2,000 people.
Vietnam, formerly known as Annan, is a subordinate country of China. /kloc-In the second half of the 0/9th century, France stepped up its aggression against Vietnam in an attempt to turn Vietnam into a colony. And tried to use Vietnam as a springboard to invade China. In the twelfth year (AD 1873), the French army captured Hanoi, Haiyang, Ningping and Nanding. Vietnamese king Ruan Fuhe turned to the Black Flag Army for help. Yongfu sent more than a thousand troops to Hanoi; However, Yongfu risked his life to defeat the French army and forced it to retreat to coastal defense. The King of Yue was very happy and appointed Yongfu San Xuan as the deputy magistrate, in charge of Xuanguang, Xinghua and Shaanxi provinces. Unwilling to fail, the French captured Hanoi again in March of the eighth year of Guangxu (AD 1882). Vietnam turned to Yongfu for help again. On April 13 of the following year, the Black Flag Army and the French army fought at Paper Bridge (west of Hanoi). The two fronts are jagged and hand-to-hand combat. Yongfu took the lead, had flexible command and inspired the whole army. He fought hard and was unstoppable. He defeated the French army, killed dozens of officers and men, and captured many. French troops retreated to Hanoi.
The French army was ashamed of its defeat and sent a large number of troops in an attempt to retaliate by dumping the country. First, attack Shanxi from Hanoi; One route is coastal defense and Hue attack. In July, Vietnamese King Nguyen Phu Sang died, and his successor Nguyen Phu Sang pleaded for peace with the legal person. The two sides concluded a protection treaty, and Vietnam became a protectorate of the law. France forced Vietnam to withdraw from Yongfu; Yunnan Governor Tang Jiong also urged Yongfu to return to China. All the officers and men of the Black Flag Army were full of anger and vowed to defend Shanxi. However, France is determined to drive away the Black Flag Army. In December, the French army attacked Shanxi, and Yongfu fought fiercely with it for two days and nights, and gained a lot. However, due to the lack of ammunition, other Qing troops stationed in Vietnam were all helpless and retreated to Xinghua.
Shanxi is the strategic center of northern Vietnam. The surrounding terrain is dangerous and rich in products. According to the Shanxi garrison, you can attack and retreat. And its fall lifted the threat to the French army in Hanoi, and the position of the Qing army in the peripheral strongholds of Hanoi-Beining, Xinghua and Xuanguang was also shaken.
In February of the tenth year (AD 1884), Beining fell. Then Taiyuan and Xinghua both fell. At this point, the French army completed the plan to occupy the Red River Delta. The Qing court was shocked.
In June, France further expanded the war. The attack on Taiwan Province Province failed; Fujian Navy turned to attack Mawei Port in Fuzhou and suffered heavy losses. Qing was forced to declare war.
Cen Yu Ying, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, said: Yongfu was the main commander of the anti-French war. If you give him an official position, you can open it later. So he awarded it to the prefect. Li Hongzhang, the minister of Beiyang, insisted on peace talks and still blamed Yongfu for his belligerence.
1 1 month, the situation changed suddenly, and the French army launched a large-scale attack, which was unfavorable to the Qing army. The Qing court ordered Yongfu to attack it. Yongfu besieged Xuanguang, laid mines outside the city and waited all day. The French army did not dare to leave, and Yongfu forcibly attacked the city, and all three wars were beneficial. Enemy reinforcements arrived, Yongfu intercepted them, won a great victory, beheaded dozens of ships and seized more than 20 enemy ships. In February of the following year, 6,000 French troops surrounded Lintao, and the situation was critical. The Black Flag Army and the Yunnan Army fought side by side, and under the cover of fortifications, they defeated the French army and killed five people. History is called "great victory in Lintao". At that time, there was good news from the Eastern Front, and the French army was defeated by Zhennanguan (now Friendship Pass) and Langzi. This series of victories dealt a heavy blow to the arrogant French invaders. However, the corrupt Qing court made peace with France and signed a humiliating Sino-French New Testament. Since then, Vietnam has become a French colony, and the southwest frontier of China has also been seriously threatened.
After the peace talks are completed, the French army will still drive away from Yongfu. Qing * * * didn't want the Black Flag Army to grow and develop, but used the promotion of officials as bait to send Yongfu back to China. In April, the company commander of South Australia paid a visit. Most of the black flag soldiers were laid off, and only 300 people remained in the end.
In June of the twentieth year (AD 1894), the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the Japanese army successively occupied Dalian, Lushun and Ahava. Beiyang fleet, which the Qing Dynasty spent huge sums of money to build, was completely annihilated. In order to strengthen the defense of Taiwan Province Province, the Qing court took Yongfu as the state and managed the military affairs of Taiwan Province Province. Yongfu was stationed in Taipei first and then in Tainan. In Tainan, he prepared for war, built an artillery base and expanded his army, still known as the Black Flag Army.
In March of the 21st year (AD 1895), the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the treaty of shimonoseki, ceding Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province, Penghu Islands and Nitto. When the news came, the whole country was boiling and angry. People in Taiwan Province Province are particularly angry. "If you hear thunder in the middle of the night, people will be shocked and pale. Running around telling each other, crying in the city, crying day and night, crying in the fields. " And gong went on strike, determined to fight the Japanese invaders to the end. The Qing Dynasty ordered Taiwan Province officials to evacuate to the mainland.
In May, the Japanese invaders landed in the northeast of Keelung, and Yongfu immediately withdrew from Taiwan Province Province. Yongfu resolutely refused, and actively rectified military affairs and strictly decided on offensive and defensive deployment. And Japanese ships came to attack Anping Port, and Yongfu personally supervised the shelling and attacked enemy ships; The Japanese army attacked Hsinchu from Taipei, but refused to use it for more than a month and fought more than 20 battles, causing heavy casualties. Yongfu was greatly affected by the lack of military spending. He sent people to Xiamen to ask for money and called the coastal governor for help, but no one answered.
In July, the Japanese Guards Division had suffered more than half of the casualties. On, * * * Viscount, then Lieutenant General of Takashima, was appointed as Vice Governor of Taiwan Province Province and Commander of the Southern Expedition Army, and the Second Division, who was brave and good at fighting, was added to Taiwan Province. In August, the second division landed in Kaohsiung, Buzaizui and Fangliao, and the Japanese army in the north crossed Dajiaxi to attack Changhua in an attempt to attack the Black Flag Army. Yongfu ordered the army to strictly observe Changhua. Then the Japanese army captured Bagua Mountain overlooking Changhua (east of Changhua). Changhua could not defend, and the Japanese army advanced on Chiayi.
Tainan valley is dangerous and covered with fine bamboo, during which the righteous people lurk and the enemy attacks it; The Japanese army was not used to the terrain and suffered heavy casualties. The black flag army persisted for several months, the reinforcements were exhausted, and the soldiers were hungry and sleepy. However, in the battle around Chiayi, the Japanese army was still stubbornly resisted by the Black Flag Army, killing and injuring more than 700 people. The enemy was furious and shelled the city, and Chiayi fell. However, Yongfu still sticks to the isolated city of Tainan. The Japanese Governor Zhao Yongfu said, "The public has held the Jedi for several months, and it has not failed the people of Taiwan Province. Now we are trapped in an isolated city with all our troops at our feet, which will only hurt people's lives. What are the benefits! If you lead the troops to Taiwan, you should send them to the public with courtesy. " Yongfu refused. The Japanese army joined forces to attack the city, and Yongfu personally supervised the war, killing many enemies.
On the first day of September, there was no food in the city. The next day, Yongfu moved to Anpingbao. When the Japanese army captured it, Yongfu evaded German merchant ships. The Germans held Yongfu in high esteem and kept it a secret. Japanese soldiers boarded the ship four times, but failed. Then Yongfu crossed the sea to Xiamen and returned to Qinzhou (now Qin County, Guangxi).
Yongfu has a deep hatred for the Japanese aggressors. 19 15, Yuan Shikai accepted Article 21 of Japanese attempt to destroy China. Angry and fearful, he expressed his willingness to go to the battlefield again and fight to the death with the Japanese aggressors; And advocate the organization of volunteers.
A.D.1917 65438+1October 9, died. At the age of 81.
Yongfu was born in poverty and hated corruption and foreign invaders. In his early years, he participated in the uprising of the Heaven and Earth Society in Guangxi and opposed the Qing Dynasty. Retreat to northern Vietnam, clear mountains and forests, gather people to plow and graze, and persist in struggle. France invaded Vietnam. At the invitation of Vietnam, he held high the banner of anti-invaders and defeated the French army repeatedly. After the Sino-Japanese War broke out, he was transferred to Taiwan Province Province to lead the anti-cession struggle, which dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders. His spirit of patriotism and love for the people, indomitable and fearless character are concrete manifestations of the excellent quality of the Chinese nation. He is a true national hero. His name will coexist with the history of the Chinese nation.
Yongfu is witty, brave and resourceful. Being good at running the army, he founded the black flag army, which was brave and good at fighting, and became the nemesis of the invaders, and became famous at home and abroad. He is also good at caressing all the people, and all the black flag soldiers are willing to share life and death with him.