Chang Guitian: A famous crosstalk performer, 1942 was born in a crosstalk family and was the eldest son of the late crosstalk performer Chang. During 1954, he studied under the cross talk actor Mr. Zhao Peiru. 1958 participated in the cultural and art troupe of the naval political department. Over the years, he has traveled all over the country and become a favorite comedian for domestic audiences. Teacher Chang Guitian not only has profound knowledge of traditional crosstalk, but also can create and perform new crosstalk works. Such as the sound of horn, power research, hat factory, I wish you success, etc. , have been rated as excellent works. Chang family, Manchu, originally from Beijing, Zhengbaiqi, later Tianjin Wei, is active in the whole country. The modern family history of the Chang family can be regarded as a microcosm of China's modern cross talk history.
It is well documented that Zhu Shaowen, who was called "poor and not afraid" in the late Qing Dynasty, and Li (Lv), nicknamed "heartthrob", created the main performance forms of modern cross talk. This is the originator of modern times. Later, we went to Chang and other masters, Hou Hechang's eldest son, and "Little Mushroom" often belonged to the latter.
At the age of seven, I often lost my father. At the age of eight, he was forced to make a living and entered the famous opera class of Fuliancheng in Beijing. He studied under Xiao Changhua, a master of Peking Opera. Fu Liancheng's class points, Lian, Fu, Sheng, Shi, Yuan, Yun, etc., are famous in large numbers, such as Hou of class, Ma of class, Tan of class Fu, Qiu of class Sheng, etc. Later, people often used "being from a regular school" to describe having received a formal education instead of starting an amateur career, and its allusions came from this. Chang He Ma, the first of the four masters of Chinese Peking Opera, belong to the calligraphy class, and even their names are given by regular teachers. Unfortunately, after the age of 65,438+02, the voice turned upside down (the voice changed in adolescence), so I had to give up singing and learn magic tricks (magic tricks) and "turning the ground" around the overpass.
Well, what do you mean by "dumping the ground"? This is the jargon of the older generation. To put it bluntly, it is standing on the street performing arts, with people and simple props lying on the ground. In those days, juggling and crosstalk were not elegant, and artists were far from ideal and status. They must keep their jobs first. There is a jargon in Tianqiao artists circle: be an artist if you can talk without practicing your mouth, but don't say stupid things if you practice your mouth. After years of hard training, I often wandered between Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Zhangjiakou, juggling and talking cross talk, and gradually gained a firm foothold in the rivers and lakes. Playing tricks is usually practiced by one person, and occasionally someone secretly joins, similar to the current child care. Improvisation in the street exercised Chang's artistic talent. His stand-up comic dialogue, which is innovated and developed according to his own characteristics, is famous for its cold humor, satire and acrimony. Some listeners of the older generation are left with endless memories, such as "Yellow", "Fighting in Shandong" and "Strange Beasts in the Mountain".
With his achievements and fame, he was often not satisfied with farming. He boldly founded the "Qi Ming Teahouse", whose address is near Xidan Shopping Mall in Beijing today. Chang Lao, a tea club mainly selling tea and performing arts, became an important place for Quyi in Beijing, attracting many famous artists at that time, such as Zhang Shouchen, Liu Baorui, Zhao Chang (? For example, when Yu Junbo and others appeared on the stage, the audience also came in droves, and their influence was growing, and they gradually entered the theater and radio station. Crosstalk has finally developed from street to indoor theater. With the joint efforts of several generations of artists, Mr. Chang has played an important role in this qualitative leap.
From the teahouse to the leader of Tianjin Quyi Working Group after liberation, he has often trained many Quyi crosstalk performers for decades. 1966 There is such a passage in the old man's will "... We should compare the old and new societies, and our second and third generations should have a look and think about what responsibility they should bear to society. How can we live up to the cultivation of the Party ... ""Little Mushroom "Chang, whose stage name is Little Mushroom, was very popular in 1930s, while Chang Hehou reached its peak in 1940s and became two famous artists in the history of crosstalk. Unfortunately, he died young. Only lived to be 29 years old. When he was often born, he followed his father all over the north and south. He listened to his father's usual cross talk when he was nursing. When he was 4 years old, he took to the streets to perform street performers. He was his father's little friend, calling people for money and collecting money. At the age of 5, I began to talk to the old gentleman. At that time, such a young child said cross talk for the first time. Besides, his acting ability was excellent and he soon became famous. Some people don't know Chang, but no one doesn't know Xiao Mushroom Chang.
Old Tianjin people still remember such a thing. 1930 During the Spring Festival, Little Mushroom and Dad told the audience a cross talk on the radio. Finally, at the age of eight, he had a brainwave and said, "I'm dead now" (crosstalk jargon, according to what I said on the spot): Uncle, I'll pay a New Year call to everyone, so there's no need to give lucky money here. If you want to give it to you, you can send it to my home. My family lives in an alley on a street. Originally, he was joking and shaking a small burden, but those grandparents who love to listen to cross talk really sent lucky money to their families.
At the age of 9, his father asked Chang Xiang to learn, who was highly respected in phonology. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he found another famous child star, Zhao Peiru, as his partner, and made great progress in his artistic career. /kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, Xiao Mushroom became the head of the group and organized a brother troupe, which was very popular for a while. After the Japanese invaded Tianjin, they squeezed China people and created false prosperity, but prices soared, saying that it was better to be cheap. Little mushroom and brother often make up a small piece of tooth powder bag, saying that things are really cheaper than before after the Japanese came. 10 used to buy a bag of flour, but now it only costs 8 yuan-that is, the bag is smaller, not a foreign noodle bag, but a tooth powder bag!
"Tooth powder bag" spread quickly for a period of time and became an allusion to satirize the Japanese. The little mushroom was arrested and locked up for a period of time. Later, I strengthened public security and forcibly confiscated the steel products of various households. When he was talking about traditional cross talk, he added "Hang up now": I'll knock your head into a gong. B said, "Where's your gong? Often shouted to: this is taken away by the public security. Therefore, he was taken away and locked up. Think about it, in that cruel environment at that time, not many people dared to scold the Japanese in this unique way, and the people respected him as a patriotic artist.
After liberation, he often participated in the 1949 First Cultural Congress of New China as a famous social figure. With great enthusiasm, he and Hou and other famous crosstalk artists first reformed and innovated the traditional crosstalk, eliminated some vulgar and superstitious dross in the old crosstalk, and improved the artistic style and cultural status of crosstalk. His jokes such as new riddles, new wine orders, old and new marriages are widely circulated. His typhoon is natural and unrestrained, and his jokes are thick and mellow, vivid and humorous, which makes people laugh, but they don't laugh at all. His artistic style played an exemplary role in the new cross talk, which was just starting at that time, and had a great influence.
After the Korean War broke out, in April of 195 1, the central government sent a delegation to the DPRK, with Liao Chengzhi as the head, Guo Moruo, Mei Lanfang and other Beijing cultural celebrities attending, but Tianjin entertainment circle was not invited. After hearing this news, he repeatedly asked to go to the front line to express condolences, and was finally approved to lead the performance service team to join the condolence group. The Korean battlefield is full of war and the environment is difficult and dangerous. When marching and performing, they are often bombed by enemy planes. Once when talking about cross talk, enemy planes bombed again, and the little mushroom was not surprised by the danger. There is also a "hang": it is really good for Americans to be transport captains. They delivered relief during the Anti-Japanese War and sent planes during the Civil War. Today, we hung a sky lantern during the performance. The audience burst into laughter and the tense atmosphere was relaxed. On April 23, in a small village near Pyongyang, Chang and his partner were making up stories while resting, when American planes suddenly attacked, bombed and strafed. Zhao Peiru was badly injured and fell to the ground. A bullet went through Chang's temple and he died immediately. He is only 29 years old. At the Tianjin Public Sacrifice Conference, hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets to offer a small mushroom coffin, and Liao Chengzhi made a special trip to Tianjin to attend the funeral. Subsequently, the Central People's Government held a memorial service for Chang, Cheng Shutang and others. Liu Shaoqi, Soong Ching Ling and Guo Moruo attended the meeting.
Chang, the little mushroom, died young, so few people know him now. However, in the history of cross talk art, he, like Hou and Ma, is a master figure who inherits the past and brings forth the new. Chang's second son Chang, fifth son Chang, sixth son Chang Baofeng, eldest son Chang Dao, Chang Guisheng, Chang Guichun, etc. They are all accomplished crosstalk performers, among whom the third son Chang Baoting and the fourth son are often outstanding.
There is an old saying in the audio industry: if you don't take the handsome one, you can take the weird one, if you don't take the weird one, you can sell it, and if you don't take all three, you can pack up and leave. Some people have no characteristics and lack the humorous image of "fools are happy to see", but they can sell their strength on the stage and win praise; Some people look strange, such as Mr. Ma Lisan, who shines as soon as he takes office; Some people are handsome, and their works on the stage are also handsome. Everyone loves natural people. Chang Bao-ting, the third son of Chang, can be regarded as one of the representatives of Zhan Shuai. When he was a child, he liked to talk cross talk, and he was influenced a lot with his big brother and little mushroom. He is energetic, clean and sharp on the stage, and he is especially good at "Liugong" (the jargon of cross talk, the kung fu of singing when learning to tease). The biggest feature of his performance is "enthusiasm", which can stir up the enthusiasm of the audience. Therefore, he became famous in Beijing, Tianjin and other places since the 1950s, and later released a number of new crosstalk works, such as "Digging for Treasure" and "Learning to Broadcast", which swept the country.
Chang Baoting's partner Bai Quanfu is also a famous actor trained by Mr. Chang Lao. He and Bao Ting are small, tall and thin, and they have a tacit understanding and complement each other. After nearly 50 years of cooperation, they can be called the longest golden partner in China's music industry. Speaking of which, I'll tell you a secret. Most people can't believe it. Bai Quanfu was deaf in his later years. He usually wears a hearing aid and can't hear anyone shouting. He can't shout loudly with a hearing aid when he performs on the stage, but they still perform on the stage, and you come and I make witty remarks. The audience never thought that they were deaf, because they were so familiar and tacit. As soon as Chang Baoting opened his mouth, Bai Quanfu knew what he was saying. If Bai Lao makes a mistake, Bao Ting can fold it back by "hanging it now", which fits perfectly and does not reveal flaws. Can we get this far without decades of hard work?
The fourth son Chang, 1953, joined the army in the Haizheng Song and Dance Troupe, and is still active on the stage and TV screen, although he has retired in his 60 s. He is one of the top ten comedians in the first national selection, and his skills are well known. But his distinctive feature is that he is unique in the creation of new crosstalk works. Traditional cross talk has always been dominated by irony and humor. As early as 1950s, the art world raised the question whether cross talk could overcome the limitation of single satire and inject fresh content to praise new people and new things. As one of the earliest artists who launched an impact on this new topic, he often boldly explored and practiced, especially his new cross talk "Yesterday" with Zhong. The sharp contrast between the old and new society makes his thoughts strange and interesting, which not only keeps the humorous characteristics of cross talk, but also enthusiastically eulogizes the new life of the factory. The joke became an instant hit and spread all over the country. Together with Ma Ji's new cross talk "Looking for Uncle", it became a classic work to broaden the artistic connotation and expression of cross talk after liberation.
After the downfall of the Gang of Four, The Hat Factory, which was often co-authored with his nephew Chang Guitian, was even more sensational, and was well known to all women and children. This joke and Jiang Kun's "Such a Photo" have become the representative works of cross talk directly involved in major social life in the new period. For decades, Chang has established his artistic position not only by his outstanding stage performances, but also by his 140 crosstalk works. After many years of fame, he has always maintained the excellent quality of a veteran, and he is painstaking and meticulous in serving the grassroots soldiers. 1992 Haizheng Song and Dance Troupe performed in the army, and retired soldiers often volunteered to perform with the troupe. In an oil depot in Qinhuangdao, he heard that a soldier was on duty, so he went to perform a program for the soldier without watching the program. In recent years, he has been to Xisha and Xiahainan, and his footprints are almost all over the navy. Chang Guitian said crosstalk was a bit wrong, because his father Chang Baokun wanted him to study hard and get into college, but instead told him crosstalk. If his father hadn't died young, the eldest son of the Chang family might have done other things long ago. Why the old man opposed it is unknown to Guitian, but the crosstalk master Hou also opposed it at first, and didn't admit it until it became popular. Guitian had consulted Hou on this issue, but Hou Lao just smiled. Guitian guessed that his parents must think that their generation is too bitter and it is too difficult to learn technology. They don't want their children to suffer any more, and they are afraid that they will not learn high or low, but they will be ashamed. Fortunately, Chang Guitian comforted his father's spirit in heaven with his artistic achievements. He said: Today, we should admit that we have not surpassed them, but we have made progress.
Despite his father's opposition, perhaps heredity is more powerful. When Chang Guitian was a child, he occasionally touched a little crosstalk, which doomed his life. 1948, the war of liberation is getting tighter and tighter, and people in big cities are panicked. Who cares about going to the theater to listen to cross talk? But if you don't act, you will go hungry. One day, Chang, Chang Baoting and Kang passed the Haihe New Bridge, and there were many people selling American goods in the ghost market. The little mushroom had a brainwave and said, "We should make a post-it note here." Kang got the message, took off his hat and squatted on the side of the road with lively gesticulations, muttering to himself, which really attracted many people to watch the fun and wonder what was in his hat. The glue is round, and several artists have started the business of throwing the ground again. Six-year-old Xiao Guitian coaxed a few cross talks these days, and his personal counseling was extraordinary, and he became fascinated at once. After the liberation of Tianjin, his father asked him to continue to go to school, not to mention cross talk. Later, his mother saw that he was eager to learn art. At the age of 12, he had to let him learn from his father's partner Zhao Peiru during his apprenticeship. After graduating from high school, he was introduced by his fourth uncle and admitted to Haizheng Song and Dance Troupe, and he inherited his father's career against his will.
Quyi performers are strong and simple, and Chang Guitian is young, so he doesn't run away every time he goes to the grass roots. He has a joke: where there is fighting and disaster, there is the People's Liberation Army; Where there is the People's Liberation Army, there is a sympathy group; Where there is a sympathy group, there is Chang Guitian. 1958 shelled kinmen. He moved shells with soldiers at the forefront of Hecuo Township in Xiamen. When the Sino-Indian border fought back in self-defense, he gave a condolence performance on the front line of Tibet. During the War to Resist American Aggression and Aid Vietnam, he made a third-class merit in Vietnam. 1963, Tianjin was flooded, and he went in and out three times; Several earthquakes in Xingtai, Jinxi and Tangshan, the front line of the Sino-Vietnamese border, and the flood control in Jiangnan ... Since joining the army, he has not fallen behind in these major events of the domestic army and has always been at the forefront of the grassroots. Don't say that suffering is a life experience and a person's wealth. He often goes to the grass-roots level to give condolence performances, but he is not fully prepared in advance. He often has to edit and perform according to the on-site situation, which greatly enriches and exercises his artistic talent. His earliest cross talk creation began in Vietnam, and his artistic specialty "Hang Now" was also forced out at the grassroots level. From the Death and Injury Registry and the Sound of the Horn in the 1960s to the excellent works such as Hat Factory, Power Research and Don't "Must" in recent years, it has become an outstanding representative of the third generation of Chang's crosstalk.
Compared with his predecessors, the third generation Chang Guitian has a higher and more comprehensive cultural literacy. Besides crosstalk, he also dabbled in drama and film and television performances, and discussed the theoretical research of crosstalk art and the relationship between language art and political and ideological work in the army. He went against his father's original intention, but did not forget to fulfill his father's dream. Another small burden: Chang Guitian, who graduated from high school, has been treated as the head of the division for a long time, enjoying special government allowance and being a national first-class actor. He was hired as a visiting professor by the Naval Political College. On the other hand, he wanted to study in the college and get a college diploma, which was rebuffed by the school: you are a professor who gives lectures to undergraduates in our college. Isn't it a joke to go to school here and get a diploma?