A few days ago, in the face of another round of job hunting peak coming after New Year's Day. Focus 1: There is no effective connection between the labor market and the education system. Researcher Zhang Chewei, deputy director of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences and director of the Labor and Social Security Research Center of the Academy of Social Sciences, said: "The fundamental reason for the difficulty of college students' employment is that our education system has not been effectively docked with the labor market." "Because the channel between demand and supply is not particularly smooth, many units and enterprises urgently need a large number of college students with better skills, but they can't find them. At the same time, college students are also looking for jobs. What are the reasons for college students' employment difficulties? According to a recent online survey conducted by a domestic portal, among more than 500 respondents, 55% think that the education system can't meet the needs of society, and only 10% think that there are too many talents or college students are too talented to find jobs. "So far, the knowledge provided by university education is really difficult to fully meet the needs of the market, because the market is changeable. The current educational achievements can not fully meet the needs of society. Some problems are inevitable and some problems can be changed through reform and adjustment. " Lai Desheng said. Experts say, for example, some schools unilaterally publicize and evaluate the success of a certain major based on the number of students, and expand the enrollment ratio of the undergraduate major. In fact, some students are probably forced to choose the postgraduate entrance examination because their major is not good for employment. It is conceivable that the employment rate of college students who continue to recruit in this way will be high. "The interests of some universities or departments are likely to be inconsistent with the interests of students. Therefore, in some schools, I think the interests of the school harm the interests of students, which may be the root cause of the low employment rate of some colleges or majors. " Focus 3: Employment pressure is related to national welfare, ethnic differences and urban-rural differences. According to Lai Desheng, many college students in developed countries didn't graduate to 12 until eight years later, because they didn't have the motivation to find jobs-doctoral students were well paid and enjoyed many subsidies, and the employment pressure was not as great as that in China. In China, many rural students spend 50,000 to 60,000 yuan to go to college, but they have no employment after graduation, which is very stressful. "The market development in developed countries is very standardized, so employment is very balanced and urban and rural areas cannot be distinguished. However, China's national condition is that the economic difference between urban and rural areas is very large, which leads to the great difference in employment environment and limits the employment choice of college students. This may be a very important reason why it is difficult for college students to find jobs. " Lai Desheng said. Focus 4: Enrollment expansion is not the main reason for the difficulty of college graduates' employment. "I don't think the expansion of enrollment is the main reason why college graduates are difficult to find jobs." Researcher Yang Yiyong, deputy director of the Economic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, deputy secretary-general of china association for labour studies and executive director of china association of employment promotion, believes that to analyze the problem of enrollment expansion and employment difficulties, we should first consider whether there is over-investment in higher education in China. If there is excessive development or excessive investment, then there will be excessive expansion of university enrollment, which will make it difficult for college graduates to find jobs. In fact, there are more than 2,000 universities in China, and none of them have closed down. It is not difficult for graduates from top universities to find jobs-the supply-demand ratio of Tsinghua Peking University is 100%, while the employment rate of some third-rate universities and third-rate majors may be as low as 30% or even lower. So the fundamental difference lies in the quality of running a school and the level of teachers. "By expanding enrollment, more people will have the opportunity to go to college. After four years of college study and education, I think their employment competitiveness in the labor market is definitely much stronger than that of an ordinary high school graduate. This should be beyond doubt. " Yang Yiyong stressed. Focus 5: Some job fairs become image projects. "Some job fairs have become image projects, and the image meaning is greater than the actual meaning." Yang Yiyong said. According to reports, in some developed countries, recruitment conferences are held occasionally, but rarely, and more recruitment work is carried out in the professional division of labor. When college students are about to graduate, some professional talent service organizations will print out a thick list of talent needs and put it in public places such as school libraries for students to browse casually. "I think some job fairs are not effective. Objectively speaking, first of all, this recruitment work is unprofessional. In addition, some recruitment companies participating in job fairs are for advertising purposes, and they are more about showing enterprises than recruiting employees. " Lai Desheng said. "It's no use just watching the job fair! With the refinement of the market, this' big and miscellaneous' job fair will gradually withdraw from the historical stage in the future. " Zhang Chewei said that in the United States, college students only need to submit their resumes to the annual professional conference after graduation. It is clear where each major student can find a job, and this channel is also very smooth. For example, those who study clothing will go to some annual meetings organized by the Clothing Association, and those who study economics will find it in the circle of annual meetings. It is clear what talents are needed in every industry and every major. Focus 6: The reform of household registration and archives system should be carried out faster at the level of college students. "At present, the most talked-about obstacle in the labor market is the household registration obstacle," Zhang Chewei appealed. "Some household registration systems and file systems restrict the employment of college students. The reform of the household registration system should be carried out faster at the level of college students. " "If the existing household registration policy cannot be fully liberalized immediately, restrictions can be reduced and gradual liberalization is the direction of future reform." Zhang Chewei said that hukou should not be a factor limiting workers' life in cities. "For college students with stable jobs, living in big cities is guaranteed, and the household registration reform for these people can go ahead." Focus 7: College students are not weak in the labor market. "In the past, the unified recruitment of college students was a system of' arranged marriage'. Nowadays, it is a system of "free love" for college graduates to engage in market-oriented employment. Now that employment is difficult, many people miss the arranged system. I don't think this is realistic. I believe that college students are definitely not weak in the newly growing labor force. " Yang Yiyong said that in the whole labor market, government resources are limited, and it is unreasonable to arrange all college students. "Because what we need most now are laid-off workers in their forties and fifties, the first thing the government should do now is to package these people, not college students." "I personally think that in China in the future, the employment rate of about 65% of college students may be the norm. As far as I know, the employment rate of recent American college graduates is about 55% to 58%. Therefore, under the conditions of market economy, the employment situation may be such a state. " Yang Yiyong said. Zhang Chewei believes that from the perspective of college students' training, a "product" will always be saturated when it enters the market, and this saturation is a normal state. In other words, the employment needs of college students follow the needs of society, but there is no guarantee that everyone can find a job. "It can be seen that the talent market has gradually matured after adjustment, and the employment mentality of college students has gradually matured. I personally think that it was too easy for college students to find jobs in the past, but this is not normal. " "In a sense, the difficulty in obtaining employment reflects a kind of social progress. In other words, the market has played a free role as a basic means of allocation, indicating that our market economy has entered the field of labor market. " Lai Desheng said. (End)