What are the reading abilities?
1, reading ability. Recognition is not an isolated pronunciation, but also a preliminary understanding. When reading, you must read word for word, read accurately and silently, so that you can see every word clearly.
2. Understanding ability. It is the most basic part of reading ability. Good reading ability not only means reading smoothly, but also means grasping the center of reading materials comprehensively and correctly. Students tend to emphasize the understanding of the superficial meaning of reading materials, while ignoring the real purpose of reading. Therefore, it is necessary to teach children to gradually acquire the ability to understand words, phrases, sentences and texts and the ability to read in a preliminary, comprehensive, abstract and general way.
3. Sensory ability. In teaching, it is often found that students simply say: I like this text or I hate this book. The expression of these feelings reflects their "childlike innocence" to a certain extent. Children often regard themselves as the protagonists in stories. When he reads something about the little hero, as long as he can understand or think that it reflects his thoughts and feelings, he will read it very enthusiastically, even several times, completely attracted by the people and things in the book. At this time, I communicated with the feelings of the protagonist in the book. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate students' ability to transform their thoughts and feelings into their own in teaching.
4. Reciting ability. Recitation runs through the process of reading aloud, silently and reciting. In the process of reading aloud and silently, there are also memory activities, and the purpose of memory can be achieved through familiar reading. Reciting can improve memory and deepen the understanding and feeling of the text. At the same time, recitation is also an important way to accumulate knowledge.
So how to cultivate the reading ability of primary school students?
First, stimulate interest.
When a person does a job he is interested in, all his talents can be brought into play by more than 80%; And doing work that you are not interested in can only play 20%. These tell us that interest is the best teacher. Russian educator ushinski pointed out: "Without any interest, forced learning will stifle students' willingness to master knowledge. "Interest is a great motivation to stimulate and promote students' extracurricular reading. Only when students are interested can they have a positive demand for extracurricular reading from the bottom of their hearts. Especially for beginners, teachers should vigorously stimulate their reading motivation and let them associate reading with fun in their minds. So how to stimulate the interest in reading?
First of all, in view of the psychological characteristics of students reading more, I hope to get recognition and praise from teachers, parents and classmates, so as to satisfy my sense of accomplishment, and I can carry out some activities such as reading, guessing riddles, idioms solitaire, two-part allegorical sayings docking and story-telling competitions. You can also carry out some famous sayings exchange meetings, reading experience exchange meetings and other activities, so that every student has the opportunity to display his talents. For example, I launched a story-telling contest of "reading a good book" in my class. The students talked endlessly, and the audience listened with relish, which not only increased their knowledge, but also greatly stimulated their interest in reading. Therefore, vigorously carrying out various reading activities can greatly stimulate students' confidence and enthusiasm in reading.
Secondly, ancient poetry is the treasure of China culture, and it is deeply loved by people because of its neat sentence pattern, strong sense of rhythm, catchy, easy to read and remember. Let students read ancient poems from childhood, which is not only conducive to developing language and improving intelligence, but also can cultivate sentiment, cultivate literary appreciation and healthy aesthetic taste.
In the usual poetry guidance, arrange to recite a poem (word) every week. When developing each poem, we should expand the reading volume of ancient poetry by means of "different poems with the same topic", "different poems with the same author" and "sympathy for different poems". In the process of poetry understanding, feeling is the main and understanding is the auxiliary. Mainly through reading aloud, guide students to read, recite and imagine in the United States, and make students catchy and interesting.
There is an old saying: "Read a hundred times, and you will understand your meaning" and "Read three hundred Tang poems, even if you can't write a poem, you can sing", among which "reading", "writing" and "singing" are all manifestations of your understanding and the initial formation of your sense of language. With this accumulation, the sense of language can be accumulated continuously, and students' Chinese literacy will naturally form.
Thirdly, you can run your own handwritten newspaper and small magazine according to the activities organized by the school and the hot issues of social concern. This semester, in order to understand the reading situation of students, our class organized a handwritten newspaper with reading as the theme. In order to run a newspaper, students read a lot about how to read, and then choose, edit, copy and illustrate what they read, so as to really run a decent newspaper. I hold exhibitions for students' newspapers, whether they are good or bad. The students observed each other, learned from each other and compared with each other, and learned a lot. Such activities can be organized many times each semester, so that students can improve their ability to choose and process information in the process of running newspapers and periodicals.
Second, choose good reading materials.
Pupils are young and inexperienced, and reading is often blind and random, so the quality of reading cannot be improved. Therefore, it is very important to guide students to choose healthy and beneficial reading materials.
Reading a lot has many advantages, but it is not necessarily beneficial to open books. Belinsky put it well: "It is better not to read a book that is not suitable for you. We must learn such a skill and choose the most valuable reading materials that best suit our needs. " There are many publications now, so it is very important to guide students to choose suitable reading materials.
Mental health. Good books educate people with healthy thoughts, inspire people with touching stories, edify people with noble sentiments and enrich people with scientific knowledge. We should educate students to read good books, let them know the truth, goodness and beauty from good books, and establish a correct aesthetic view. However, limited by age, experience and level, primary school students' ability to distinguish right from wrong is not strong enough, so we can't underestimate the side effects of bad reading materials on our primary school students.
(2) It varies from person to person. According to the investigation, students' interest in reading varies with age, years of study, gender, personality and psychological characteristics. Generally speaking, fairy tales, myths, fables and folktales are the main subjects in primary schools, while senior students are interested in biographies, legends and thrillers in addition to stories, which can be said to have entered the literary period. Girls generally like to read books with storylines, while boys are interested in history, geography, sports and science. Therefore, teachers can understand students' hobbies and introduce them in a targeted way.
(3) interesting. The ocean of knowledge is very attractive to children. The formation of the earth, the origin of mankind, the anecdotes of the underwater world, the king of animals in the forest, the stories of historical figures, and the scientific fantasy of the future world all arouse their burning desire for the world. Teachers should help students choose extracurricular reading materials suitable for their reading level in a planned way.
(4) Pay attention to the breadth of reading. In his letter to Yan Limin, Mr. Lu Xun warned teenagers that it is not good to read only literary books or only one person's works. The curriculum standard requires six-year primary school students to read at least 6.5438+0.5 million words after class, which undoubtedly means paying attention to the breadth of reading. On the basis of respecting students' personality, only extensive reading can make up for the shortage of classroom teaching and textbook reading.
Third, give people fish.
As we all know, in order to maintain, stabilize and last students' interest in reading, we must teach students how to read and develop good reading habits.
In classroom teaching, teachers should firmly grasp the text, practice intensive reading and reading aloud, teach students to read independently, and improve their awareness of independent reading. With the progress of reading textbooks, teachers should adhere to the principle of "one article and many articles, learning in class, benefiting after class, laying a foundation in class and seeking development after class", and take extracurricular reading content as the expansion of knowledge in class. Students learn to read independently in class, enrich Chinese materials and expand their knowledge in extracurricular reading. According to the age characteristics and knowledge level of primary school students, the following methods are mainly taught.