1in the summer of 945, the defeated Japanese obviously didn't want to end the war of aggression so easily. After careful consideration, US President Truman and senior military personnel decided to throw their newly developed nuclear weapon, the atomic bomb, at Japan.

1945 on August 6, 20 days after the development of the atomic bomb, Japan tasted the power of the atomic bomb for the first time. The two atomic bombs that exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki immediately shocked the world. The United States has also felt the "benefits" brought by nuclear weapons in the power of atomic bombs, and it has expanded more and more.

1in June, 950, war broke out suddenly on the Korean peninsula. Two days later, Truman ordered the US military to directly participate in the war, and at the same time ordered the US Seventh Fleet to enter the Taiwan Province Strait to prevent the China People's Liberation Army from crossing the sea. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, the "United Nations Army" led by the United States brazenly crossed the 38th parallel and rushed to the border of China. Many cities along the northeast border of China are threatened by artillery fire.

10 19 10 In October, Chairman Mao keenly captured the fighter plane and ordered Chinese people's Volunteer Army to enter the DPRK to participate in the war, thus the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea broke out. From June of 1950 to June of 195 1 in just eight months, Chinese people's Volunteer Army fought bravely and pushed the "United Nations Army" from the Yalu River to the vicinity of the 38th parallel, completely reversing the Korean war.

During this period, the fleeing Americans were beaten to the ground. 1at the end of 0/0, US President Truman said in public: "If the situation in North Korea is difficult to control, the supreme commander of our army will be responsible for the use of nuclear weapons."

Not only that, in April of the following year, the United States began to transport nuclear weapons components to the Far East with great fanfare, and once held nuclear weapons exercises. MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army", even said very specifically that the US military was about to use 26 atomic bombs on the Korean battlefield.

Although for various reasons, the US military did not put nuclear weapons into the Korean battlefield, the continuous nuclear threat is still the biggest obstacle for the Korean people to enjoy peace and tranquility.

195565438+ 10, Chairman Mao strongly advocated that China should develop its own nuclear weapons. At the enlarged meeting of the Politburo 1956, Chairman Mao clearly stated: "In today's world, we can't live without this thing unless we are bullied by others. Without this thing, people will say that you don't count, then we will engage in atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and intercontinental missiles. "

1April, 956, after a meeting, the Premier met Song Renqiong, and Premier Zhou said to him, "We should transfer a member of the Central Committee from the army to strengthen the geological front."

At this time, Song Renqiong was the deputy director of the General Cadre Department of the People's Liberation Army, and was in charge of the appointment, removal and assessment of military cadres, so Premier Zhou told Song Renqiong about it and asked Song Renqiong to think about it and decide who to deploy.

Song Renqiong returned home, after careful consideration, decided to undertake the task by himself. This choice is very difficult for Song Renqiong: on the one hand, he hopes that he can devote himself to the economic construction of the motherland and contribute to the socialist construction of new China; On the other hand, he has been unwilling to join the army for decades.

Two days later, when Song Renqiong met Premier Zhou again, Song Renqiong took the initiative to say to Premier Zhou, "Premier, please take me out! I'm not used to the uniform I wear. "

When Premier Zhou heard Song Renqiong say that he wanted to take up this post himself, he said happily, "I wish you could come, but can you come out now? Who will pick up your stall after you come out? "

Song Renqiong replied: "Don't worry, Prime Minister, there are still people in the Ministry." Premier Zhou immediately said: "That's good! But I still have to ask the chairman. "

Soon after, Premier Zhou found Song Renqiong, and Song Renqiong thought it was his appointment. Who knows, Premier Zhou said to Song Renqiong, "Chairman, there are new considerations about your transfer. He wants to set up an atomic energy commission, and the chairman thinks it should be presided over by you. "

1956165438+10, China's proposal on the establishment of the atomic energy department was formally adopted at the the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) meeting. The meeting decided to set up the Third Ministry of Machinery Industry (later changed to the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry) to be responsible for the development of atomic bombs. At the same time, General Song Renqiong was appointed as the first minister of the Third Ministry of Machinery Industry.

At that time, the cause of atomic energy in New China was in its infancy, basically poor, and everything needed to start from scratch. Therefore, starting from the construction of atomic energy, China's basic policy is to win the assistance of the "big brother" of the Soviet Union on the basis of self-reliance.

Thus, from 1955 to 1958, China and the Soviet Union signed as many as six agreements on nuclear technology and nuclear industry.

However, even with the agreement in hand, the Soviet Union's assistance to China is still very limited, especially in the research of nuclear weapons. When it comes to key places, Soviet experts either need to ask for instructions from their superiors, or refuse to give them an excuse, or explicitly refuse to give them.

At first, China didn't intend to engage in uranium -235, but we thought it was only plutonium -239. But in fact, it is impossible to meet the demand of making atomic bombs only by relying on uranium -235 isolated in the laboratory. It is necessary to build a special uranium enrichment plant, which is the most basic part of making an atomic bomb, but the Soviet Union kept this part.

On one occasion, when introducing the extraction of plutonium -239 from natural uranium, Soviet experts said that uranium -235 could be recovered at the same time. If only plutonium -239 is extracted, the remaining nuclear waste will be completely wasted.

After hearing this operation, our experts immediately suggested that why not extract uranium -235 from the residue of plutonium -239? In this case, isn't it the most economical and reasonable? One raw material produces two products.

However, even if this is completely in line with the logical requirements, Soviet experts will not express their views on the spot, and they can only go back and report to their superiors before making a decision. Of course, the feedback is still optimistic, but the two sides signed an agreement again, and it will be the end of the year when the agreement is officially signed.

1956, after the Polish and Hungarian incidents broke out, Khrushchev loosened cutting-edge technology to help our country a little in exchange for China's support. At our request, the Soviet Union provided a lot of equipment and technology, and sent thousands of experts to work in China.

Song Renqiong attached great importance to Soviet experts, and repeatedly stressed at the meeting that we should learn from them modestly, care about their life and work in China, and fully mobilize their work enthusiasm.

At the mobilization meeting held by ErJiBu, Song Renqiong specially invited Soviet experts to attend. The meeting commended advanced individuals, and Song Renqiong specially made a banner for Soviet experts. Enthusiastic Soviet experts expressed their willingness to work with China's technicians to contribute to the development of China's nuclear cause.

With the continuous efforts of Song Renqiong, the progress of engineering design and construction is obviously accelerated. Song Renqiong twisted two strengths into one and reported it to the Central Committee. After reading it, Chairman Mao quickly gave his own instructions.

Chairman Mao's instructions gave Song Renqiong and them great encouragement, and Song Renqiong gave them more freedom to work as Soviet experts. Soviet experts have also gained a new understanding of China's ability and technical level, and the understanding and feelings between the two sides are getting deeper and deeper, and the cooperative relationship is naturally more harmonious.

At the same time, Song Renqiong also particularly stressed the need to be good at independent thinking, and set up the idea of "self-reliance first, supplemented by foreign aid", requiring scientific and technological workers to step up their learning from Soviet experts, combine the learned Soviet technology with the actual situation in China, and thoroughly understand some core technologies and key scientific and technological principles, not only knowing how to do it, but also understanding why to do it.

Our country's scientific and technological workers are also responsible for their mission. Through their work practice, they not only mastered the relevant technology, but also improved their self-reliance ability. Combined with the actual situation in China at that time, they made some improvements and innovations, which laid a solid foundation for the future development of atomic energy in China.

However, the good times did not last long, and the honeymoon period between China and the Soviet Union was very short. From the second half of 1958, the differences and contradictions between China and the Soviet Union gradually emerged.

1June, 959, Khrushchev called the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: The Soviet Union suspended the provision of teaching models and drawings of atomic bombs due to the ongoing negotiations on banning nuclear tests. A year later, the Soviet Union will withdraw all the experts who helped China and stop supplying all the equipment and materials.

Because of the attitude of the Soviet government, the attitude of Soviet experts has also changed greatly. A Soviet aerodynamics expert, after arriving at China Nuclear Weapons Research Institute, did not perform his duties at all.

When our country's scientific and technological workers ask questions related to technology, he begins to clear his throat, and then there is a long silence, which always sets a secret wall for our country's technicians. Moreover, he forbade China technicians to contact cutting-edge technology, either ordered China technicians to learn foreign languages or sent people to irrelevant mine internships, while he hid in his office all day reading, becoming a "silent monk who only read and didn't talk".

Faced with such a grim situation, in July of that year, Chairman Mao held an emergency meeting. At the meeting, Chairman Mao decided: "We will start from scratch and prepare to build an atomic bomb in eight years." At the same time, Chairman Mao asked Song Renqiong to shorten the front and concentrate on solving the most pressing problems at present, and the Central Committee will fully support the atomic energy cause.

The shameless behavior of the Soviet Union even aroused Chairman Mao's ambition. Chairman Mao said at the meeting: "if the enemy has it, we will have it;" If the enemy doesn't have it, we must have it. Atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs must be fast. No matter what country, no matter what bombs, atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, we must surpass them! "

According to Chairman Mao's instructions, Song Renqiong took the time to make an emergency plan, and in February of that year, he formulated an eight-year plan outline for the atomic energy industry, mobilized all cadres and the masses, and made up his mind to turn all construction work into a completely self-reliant road by stages.

At that time, the order of the Soviet Central Committee to tear up the agreement and suspend aid had not been conveyed. Song Renqiong keenly aware of this opportunity, using this short time difference, Song Renqiong made two urgent actions:

At that time, according to the construction progress of the uranium enrichment plant, it was estimated that it would take at least one month to complete after the Soviet experts visited the site, and it was even more unknown when the equipment delivery conditions could be met.

As a result, skilled workers in China worked overtime to catch up with the construction, and the main factory building was built in just over ten days. Not only that, the strict requirements for the cleanliness of the main building were completely met, and the Soviet side was forced to deliver the equipment to China as scheduled, which played a decisive role in the successful completion of the China enriched uranium plant.

At the same time, Song Renqiong is very concerned about the arrangement of our own research work. After Soviet experts became "dumb", China Institute of Nuclear Weapons organized a group of scientists, including Deng Jiaxian and Zhu Guangya, to lead a group of newly graduated college students to explore from scratch and carry out theoretical research and scientific experiments on atomic bombs.

One day, when Song Renqiong came to the Institute of Nuclear Weapons, he saw that everyone was full of energy and encouraged him to say, "Predict that we will not succeed. We must fight for our breath. You are all engaged in fluid mechanics and aerodynamics. Your task now is to turn this breath into motivation and make our career successful. "

During this period, Song Renqiong's work is highly tense, and he is racing against time. Song Renqiong secretly made up his mind to prepare for the cause of nuclear weapons ideologically, professionally and technically in front of Khrushchev.

It is precisely because of Song Renqiong's contingency preparation that when 1960 Khrushchev openly tore up the agreement, China's nuclear weapons development work did not cause much confusion and stagnation, but with a very steady attitude, it successfully transitioned to a completely independent research and self-reliance track.

1960 In July, when Soviet experts retreated, many unfriendly Soviet experts sarcastically said, "This is a devastating blow to you. You can only watch that pile of garbage. China has also built an atomic bomb in 20 years. "

In the face of ridicule, Song Renqiong secretly vowed: "Even if we don't rely on you big brothers, we will rely on ourselves to win the atomic bomb!" Just as Song Renqiong was preparing to make every effort to continue China's atomic bomb career, an order from the Central Committee forced him to leave the job he had been fighting for for for four years.

At that time, heavy industry in Northeast China needed to be restored, and Chairman Mao personally named Song Renqiong as the first secretary of Dongbeiju, who was in charge of Northeast China.

Song Renqiong, who has always obeyed the organizational arrangement, is really reluctant to leave this time. Song Renqiong has a strong sense of honor and mission to China's atomic bomb cause. When he left at this critical moment, Song Renqiong felt like: "He was ordered to quit fighting while the fierce fighting was still raging."

So Song Renqiong, unwilling, went to several coaches and Deng Xiaoping. After expressing his thoughts, Deng Xiaoping said, "Don't mention it again. Chairman Mao has decided to leave! "

Soon, Premier Zhou Enlai came to ask Song Renqiong for advice: "Who can take over your job after you leave? Do you need to find another one from the army? " Song Renqiong replied, "It's ok to choose from soldiers. If a suitable candidate cannot be found at the moment, Comrade Liu Jie will take over. " Later, after deliberation by the Central Committee, Comrade Liu Jie was appointed as the successor of the Second Machinery Department to continue China's atomic bomb cause.

1960 September, Song Renqiong left his haunted atomic bomb career with a little melancholy and attachment. Before he left, Liu Jie wanted to say goodbye to Song Renqiong. Song Renqiong waved his hand and said, "This meal is free, but there is one requirement. You must promise me anyway, that is, as soon as there is news of testing an atomic bomb, you must.

1964101October 16, Song Renqiong suddenly received a phone call from Liu Jie, which exploded at 3 pm. On that day, Song Renqiong has been waiting for the release of this good news.

The success of China's atomic bombing shocked the whole world, especially the people of China. Song Renqiong is in the most difficult initial stage, and has personally participated in it and experienced some ups and downs.