Mancheng Han Tomb is one of the most noteworthy exhibition halls in Hebei Provincial Museum. This exhibition hall treasures three "treasures of the town hall" of Hebei Museum, namely the golden jade clothes unearthed from the tomb of Liu Sheng, Zhongshan king in the Western Han Dynasty, and his wife Dou Wan; Western Han Dynasty Changxin Palace Lantern and Western Han Dynasty Cuochun Copper Boshan Furnace. The topic to be discussed is Changxin Palace Lantern, which is called "the first Yi Deng in China". This lamp is exquisite in design and superb in manufacturing technology, which is second to none among palace lanterns in Han Dynasty. Former US Secretary of State Kissinger visited Changxin Palace Lantern during his visit to China and said with emotion: "It is amazing that China people knew about environmental protection more than 2,000 years ago."

Mancheng Han Tomb is located on the east slope of Lingshan Mountain, southwest of Mancheng County, Baoding City 1.5km. It is the tomb of Liu Sheng (BC 154-65438+ BC 0 13) and Dou Wan, the king of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty. 1968 In May, a certain unit of the People's Liberation Army came across it during the construction of Mancheng Lingshan.

When the main room of Dou Wan's tomb was opened, the Changxin Palace Lantern was not what it is now. Because the tomb has collapsed, the maid's head, lamp plate, lampshade and other parts of Changxin Palace Lantern are scattered all over the place. Among all kinds of bronze lamps in the Han Dynasty, it is the most complicated structure, the most exquisite pattern and the most beautiful image, and it is a very rare artistic treasure in the Han Dynasty.

When I visited the Hebei Museum, I asked the staff: "Is this long letter palace lantern genuine?" People say, "cultural relics without the word' imitation' are genuine." Hearing the staff say this, many tourists gathered around and took photos with their mobile phones. The shape of Changxin Palace Lantern is really beautiful. Bronzes and bronzes are gilded, with resplendent surfaces, and bronzes are gilded for protection. Palace lanterns are 48 cm high and weigh 15.85 kg. Kneeling to a maid-in-waiting, the maid-in-waiting is 44.5 cm tall, wearing a headscarf and a long skirt with wide sleeves.

Look at her left hand holding up the lamp tray, her right hand holding high, and her wide cuffs drooping, naturally forming a lampshade. The lamp panel can rotate, the lampshade can be opened and closed, and the brightness and irradiation direction of the lamp can be adjusted at will. More interestingly, the whole maid-in-waiting is a hollow body. After the lamp holder is lit, the lampblack will be sucked into the body through the right arm from the cuff, that is, the lampshade. When the oil fume enters the abdominal cavity of the maid-in-waiting, it will spread, so the sludge and putty will naturally adhere to the inner wall of the abdominal cavity of the maid-in-waiting, and play a role in purifying the air and filtering the oil fume.

So how did the sludge in the abdominal cavity of Changxin Palace lantern wash away? The head, arms, lampshade and other parts of the maid-in-waiting can be disassembled, which solves the problem of cleaning sludge. All these reflect the scientific, ingenious and reasonable design of palace lanterns. The disassembled Changxin Palace Lantern can be clearly seen on the electronic touch screen of Hebei Museum.

What is the origin of Changxin Palace Lantern? Why is it called Changxin Palace Lantern? It turns out that there are 9 inscriptions on the lamp holder, lamp board, lampshade board, right arm and corner of the maid-in-waiting, totaling 65 words. Because the inscription on the lamp has the word "Changxin Palace", it is used in Changxin Palace, the residence of Dou Taihou, hence the name "Changxin Palace Lantern".

There are six words "Yangxin Family" in the inscription around the bottom of the lamp holder on the upper part of Changxin Palace Lamp, which reads "Changxin Palace is still bathing, with a capacity of less than half a liter and a weight of six kilograms, and now it lies inside", indicating that this lamp was once owned by Yangxin Family. Experts believe that "Yangxinjia" is the home of Emperor Wu's sister Yangxinjie. And put forward the view that "hall of mental cultivation" engraved on the lamp of "Changxin Palace" should be the royal residence of Princess hall of mental cultivation. According to the above situation, experts speculate that the original owner of the "Changxin Palace" lamp should be Yangxin Princess. Later, she dedicated the lamp to Dou Taihou, and the words "Chang Xin Qiji is still taking a bath" and "Today's wife lies down" were added to the lamp.

Changxin Palace Lantern looks relaxed, light and gorgeous in shape and decoration style. It is a practical and beautiful lamp treasure. It has always been regarded as the pinnacle of China arts and crafts and an important representative of national arts and crafts, and has been widely praised. 1993 was identified as a national treasure.