Year, first seen in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, its original meaning is that the year is ripe and the five grains are ripe, that is, Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Year is ripe and the five grains are ripe." It is equivalent to a year's harvest, year, festival, year and year, and it is also a time unit, which refers to the period of about 365 and 1/4 solar days required for the earth to orbit the sun once.

Tu Youyou

Tu Youyou was born in 1930. Han nationality, CPC party member, pharmacist. Ningbo, Zhejiang, 195 1 was admitted to the Department of Pharmacy of Peking University Medical College, majoring in pharmacognosy. 1955 graduated from Beijing Medical College (now peking university health science center).

Tu Youyou, the chief researcher of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been quietly working on the research and development of antimalarial drugs for nearly half a century. Because of the discovery of artemisinin, he saved millions of lives all over the world and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and the highest national science and technology award. He has made great contributions to human health and scientific and technological innovation of traditional Chinese medicine, and won the "Republic Medal" in 20 19.

Malaria and artemisinin

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by plasmodium infected by mosquito bites, commonly known as "shaking". Patients are often "hot and cold, headache and sweating", which can be fatal in severe cases. It has been more than 70 years since China reported about 30 million malaria cases every year in the 1940s. In 20021year, China was certified as a malaria-free country by WHO.

In 1960s, Tu Youyou accepted the arduous task of the national "523" antimalarial drug research, and was appointed as the head of the antimalarial drug research group of traditional Chinese medicine. She compiled a collection of malaria single secret recipes containing 640 drugs, conducted more than 300 screening experiments, and determined the research direction of Artemisia annua as the main Chinese medicine. Inspired by "holding Artemisia annua once, soaking in two liters of water, wringing juice, and taking it all" in the ancient prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, Tu Youyou established a method for extracting the effective parts of Artemisia annua at low temperature. On June 4th, 197 1, 10, the neutral ether extract of Artemisia annua with the inhibition rate of 100% was obtained, which became the most critical step in the discovery history of artemisinin. In order to prove its safety and carry out clinical trials as soon as possible, Tu Youyou and the comrades of the research group personally tried the drug.

1972165438+1On October 8th, Tu Youyou's research group purified artemisinin, an effective antimalarial monomer. 1986, the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Health obtained the first new drug certificate [(86) Wei Yao Zheng Zi X-0 1]- artemisinin since the implementation of the new drug examination and approval measures in China.