Investment: about 654.38+0.02 billion.
Building area (㎡): 79,532 square meters
Number of seats: 4000 permanent seats, 2000 movable seats, 1 1000 temporary seats.
Uses during the Olympic Games: swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo.
Uses during the Paralympic Games: swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo.
Employer: Beijing State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd
Design unit: China Architectural Design Consortium.
General contractor: China Construction No.1 Bureau Construction Development Co., Ltd.
Memorabilia of National Swimming Center Project Construction
In July 2003, the architectural design scheme of the National Swimming Center was formally confirmed.
On February 24, 2003, 65438, the earthwork and foundation treatment project of water cube foundation started.
On April 7, 2004, the earthwork and foundation treatment project was completed.
On July 17, 2004, the general contract for the construction and installation of the National Swimming Center was formally signed.
In the first quarter of 2005, all major concrete structures were built.
April 2006 10, the main structure of the national swimming center was capped and the steel structure was installed.
On June 6, 2006, the steel structure support system was successfully unloaded.
On August 1 day, 2006, the first membrane structure air cushion was installed in the membrane structure of the National Swimming Center.
Installation of membrane structure was completed on February 26th, 2006 +65438.
In March 2007, the equipment installation was completed and online debugging began.
It was officially completed on June 28th, 2008.
use
During the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Aquatics Center will undertake swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo and other competitions, and can accommodate17,000 spectators, including 6,000 permanent spectators. During the Olympic Games,1/0,000 temporary seats will be added (to be removed after the games). After the Olympic Games, it will be built into an international advanced center integrating swimming, sports, fitness and leisure.
design
The design scheme of the National Swimming Center is the "Water Cube" ([H2O]3) scheme produced by the global design competition. The scheme was jointly designed by China State Construction Engineering Corporation, Australian PTW Architects and ARUP Australia Limited. The design embodies the design concept of [H2O] 3 ("Water Cube"), which integrates architectural design and structural design. The design is novel, unique in structure, coordinated with the national stadium, fully meets the requirements of the 2008 Olympic Games in function, and is easy to operate after the game.
Beijing State-owned Assets Management Company is responsible for the construction, management and operation of the National Swimming Center, which was started at the end of 2003, completed and put into trial operation before the end of 2007, and accepted the inspection and acceptance by the International Swimming Federation and the International Olympic Committee.
Green venues
As the three core concepts of Beijing Olympic Games, Green Olympics, Hi-tech Olympics and People's Olympics have programmatic guiding significance for all the work of Beijing Olympic Games. Of these three concepts, Green Olympics is the first. From the definition of green Olympics in Beijing Olympic Action Plan, it is not difficult to see that every link of realizing green Olympics needs people's high-standard ecological literacy to ensure that all work should be carried out according to standards.
The main advanced energy-saving technologies in the construction of the National Swimming Center include the selection of heat pump, the utilization of solar energy, the comprehensive utilization of water resources, advanced heating and air conditioning systems, control systems and other energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, such as the use of internal and external wall insulation to reduce energy loss; Adopt efficient and energy-saving light source and lighting control technology. The adoption of these new standards, new technologies and new materials has played a good demonstration role for China's future building energy-saving construction, and can further promote and promote the development of China's building energy-saving technology industrialization.
The ETFE membrane material used for the first time in the Water Cube can best represent the "Water Cube". The shape of "Water Cube" looks like a blue water box, while the wall looks like a group of irregular bubbles. The material used for this bubble is "ETFE", which is what we often call "polyvinyl fluoride". This material has good corrosion resistance, heat preservation and strong self-cleaning ability. Foreign anti-aging tests prove that 15 can be used for 20 years. Moreover, this material is also very strong, and it is said that people jumping on it will not be damaged. At the same time, because of its water repellency, it can be cleaned by natural rain, and it is a new type of environmental protection material. An ETFE film such as "Water Bubble" has good compression resistance, and its thickness is only as thick as an air pillow made of paper ETFE film, and it can even bear the weight of a car. According to the position of the air pillow, there are uneven plating spots on the outer film, which will effectively block the direct sunlight in the museum and play a role in shading and cooling.
Design concept of "Bird's Nest"
The National Stadium is located on the gentle slope in the central area of the Olympic Park. The design of the stadium is like a container. The undulating appearance of the highland relieves the sense of volume of the building and gives it a dramatic and shocking appearance. The image of the national stadium is perfect and pure, and the appearance is the structure of the building. The facade and structure have reached a perfect unity. The components of the structure support each other to form a reticulated frame, just like a bird's nest woven with branches. The space effect of the stadium is original, simple and elegant. It set up a unique historical landmark building for the 2008 Olympic Games. The stadium is like a huge container. No matter from a distance or from a close distance, it will leave a unique and indelible impression. It completely meets the functional and technical requirements of the national stadium, which is different from the long-span structure and digital screen design methods of general stadium buildings. The space effect of the stadium is original, simple and elegant. From here, people can browse the whole area, including the stairs leading to the stands. Gymnasium is an indoor urban space with restaurants and shops, just like a commercial street corridor or square, attracting people to linger.
Basic situation of "Bird's Nest"
The stadium shell adopts air cushion film, which can be used as filler to make the roof completely waterproof, and the sunlight can penetrate through the transparent roof to meet the growth needs of indoor lawns. During the competition, the stands can be varied to meet the requirements of different audiences in different periods. During the Olympic Games, there were 20,000 temporary seats on the top of the stadium, and everyone could see the whole stadium clearly. Through the reasonable division and design of streamline area, the problems of entrance, exit and people flow are perfectly solved.
The external structure of "Bird's Nest"
Basic materials
The external structure of "Bird's Nest" is mainly composed of huge portal steel frame, with 24 truss columns, 20 truss columns and 2 lower columns have been hoisted. The top of the National Stadium is saddle-shaped, with a major axis of 332.3 meters and a minor axis of 296.4 meters. The height of the highest point is 68.5 meters and the height of the lowest point is 42.8 meters. ..
Change of design scheme
Under the premise of keeping the architectural style of "Bird's Nest" unchanged, the new design scheme has greatly adjusted and optimized the structural layout, building cross-section form and material utilization rate. The openable roof in the original design scheme was cancelled, the opening of the roof was increased, and the steel consumption was greatly reduced by optimizing the steel structure. The long-span roof is supported on 24 truss columns with an interval of 37.96 meters. The main trusses are radially arranged around the opening in the middle of the roof, and 22 main trusses are straight or nearly straight. In order to avoid too complicated joints, a few main trusses are truncated near the inner ring. A large number of steel structures are box-shaped members welded by steel plates, and the cross-arranged main trusses, together with the substructure of the roof and facade, form a special architectural shape of "Bird's Nest". The main stand adopts reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structure system, which is completely separated from long-span steel structure.
Application of Q460 steel
Speaking of Q460 steel, most people may not understand it. The structural design of "Bird's Nest" is strange and novel, and the steel structure Q460 built this time has many unique features: Q460 is a low-alloy high-strength steel, which will only undergo plastic deformation when the stress intensity reaches 460 MPa, which is greater than that of ordinary steel, so it is very difficult to produce. This is the first time that Q460 steel has been used in building structures in China. The thickness of the steel plate used this time is 1 10 mm, which is unique in the past. In the national standard, the maximum thickness of Q460 is only100 mm. In the past, this kind of steel was generally imported from Luxembourg, South Korea and Japan. In order to provide a "fit" Q460 for the "Bird's Nest", from September 2004, the researchers of Henan Wugang Special Steel Plant began to tackle scientific and technological problems for more than half a year, and finally succeeded in trial production. Nowadays, mass production of Q460 steel for "Bird's Nest" has begun. In 2008, 400 tons of domestic Q460 steel with independent innovation and intellectual property rights will support the "Bird's Nest".
special construction
In addition, the hoisting of the main truss in the inner ring of the roof and the installation of the substructure of the facade have been fully launched. The thickness of steel used in the "Bird's Nest" steel structure can reach 1 1 cm, which has never been produced in China. In addition, a translucent film will be pasted on the outer surface of the grid structure at the top of the "Bird's Nest". After using this film, the light in the stadium is not direct, but diffuse, making the light softer. Diffused light can also solve the maintenance problem of the stadium lawn, and also has the function of shielding the seat from wind and rain. Sliding openable roof is an important part of stadium structure. After closing, the stadium will become an indoor arena. Just like the lid of a container, whether the roof is closed or open, it is a basic part of a building. Except for some specific structural needs, the structure of the openable roof is basically a net structure, which becomes a waterproof shell after adding inflatable cushions.
More subtly, the "Bird's Nest" slightly raised the outdoor terrain of the whole stadium, and placed many ancillary facilities under the terrain, which not only avoided the huge investment consumed by underground excavation, but also landed slowly at the edge of the outdoor square, and built 2,000 open-air seats in the warm-up venue according to the situation, which was organically integrated with the surrounding environment and saved investment again.