Zhou Mingzang devoted himself to the research of agricultural entomology in China for decades, and was a pioneer in establishing and developing agricultural entomology in China. He has always believed that finding out the species of agricultural pests in China is the basis for prevention and control. Therefore, in 1935, he relied on years of practical work experience, and on the basis of the published Preliminary List of Economic Plant Pests and Mites in China, he constantly accumulated information to supplement it, and edited the book Agricultural Pests in North China in 1953. This is a systematic basic document of agricultural pests, which has important reference value. 1954 When the first plant protection and phytosanitary delegation sent by the Soviet Ministry of Agriculture visited China, it first raised the hope of obtaining the book. In the 1970s, Zhou Mingcang further revised and supplemented the published works and compiled the List of Main Pests in China, which served as the internal data of the Institute of Plant Protection of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and provided a blueprint for the 1980 List of Agricultural Pests in China compiled by the Institute.
Before the 1970s, the general contents of foreign agricultural entomology monographs were only described by listing important pests according to crops, and there was no systematic theoretical discussion. Zhou Mingzang believes that agricultural entomology is an applied science, but it has its own systematic theoretical basis. 196 1 year, in the first trial textbook of agricultural colleges edited by him, the principles and methods of this subject were summarized, which made the subject of agricultural entomology more perfect in content and system. Especially in the concept of distinguishing "pests" from "pests"; On the basis of analyzing the conditions of pest generation and the basic ways to control pests, and comparing the characteristics of various control methods, he formulated the requirements, strategies, ways and methods of pest control, thus correcting the long-standing bias of "aiming at eliminating pest species" and relying solely on single control measures in the past. His academic thoughts gave birth to the basic principle of "integrated pest management" which was widely accepted by international plant protection scientists and technicians in the 1980s.
Advocate integrated pest control and agricultural control.
After Zhou Mingcang returned to China from 1933, he deeply realized from a lot of practice that the research on pest control should not be limited to the study of pests themselves, but should involve the role of various ecological and environmental factors related to the survival and development of pests. In 1930s, after Zhou Mingzang discovered the spawning ground of inchworm in Zhejiang, he put forward the prevention and control measures to avoid the harm of mixed planting of inchworm and pine, because the worm laid eggs in cracks on the surface of pine stems. At the end of 1950s, he studied the main pest of spring wheat in the west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and found that the main biological characteristic of this pest is that adults like light and have strict selectivity to wheat plants that lay eggs, especially at jointing stage. After further study, all the cultivation measures that are beneficial to promote the rapid growth of spring wheat in the early stage and the robust and dense growth of wheat plants are clear, which are helpful to control the harm of wheat stem fly. Therefore, he summed up the systematic agricultural control measures to control high yield of pests and diseases, such as early sowing, careful soil preparation, reasonable close planting and correct application of water and fertilizer. 1In the autumn of 960, at the invitation of Anhui Provincial Department of Agriculture, he led some teachers and students to investigate the situation of rice borers in some places, the so-called moth-free areas, after the large-scale implementation of single-season rice to double-season rice in successive years, and discussed the reasons for this phenomenon. Cooperate with local comrades, go deep into three special zones 13 cities and counties to conduct on-the-spot investigation, and have a discussion with old farmers and local comrades. The preliminary conclusion is that after proper treatment in winter, a large number of overwintering stem borers in rice fields were eliminated, which reduced the occurrence base of the next year. During the early rice harvest and late rice planting, the rice stubble was deeply turned into the soil to kill the second generation larvae and pupae of Chilo suppressalis, thus reducing the source of stem borers in the later period. This shows that the role of cultural and technical measures may be the main reason. Then, in1961-1964, we set up points in Anhui and Hunan successively to create light and heavy pest areas in a large area. He compared and analyzed the planting system and different cultivation techniques with the population growth and decline of Chilo suppressalis, conducted in-depth research, and demonstrated the principle of the control strategy of combining appropriate cultivation and management measures in double-cropping rice areas to suppress the source of Chilo suppressalis in stages, thus clearly putting forward ". 1962, Zhou mingcang gave an academic report on the current situation and prospect of agricultural pest control research in China at the inaugural meeting of the China Plant Protection Society, and 1963 published an article on the prevention and control of pests and diseases by combining agriculture with management in People's Daily. During the period of 1964, the paper "Research Progress of Chilo suppressalis in China" was read out at the international scientific seminar held in Beijing Science Hall, which attracted the attention of scholars attending the meeting. From 65438 to 0975, the national plant protection conference held in Xinxiang, Henan Province put forward the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control", which absorbed Zhou Mingzang's point of view.
From 65438 to 0983, Zhou Mingcang participated in the scientific and technological key project "Research on Integrated Control Technology of Cotton Pests and Diseases" during the Sixth Five-Year Plan period. He established a comprehensive control base in the main cotton producing areas in the south of Hebei Province, and conducted in-depth research, and put forward a coordinated combination scheme of key technologies such as agricultural control, biological control and chemical control, as well as a new viewpoint of attaching importance to the control strategy of the third generation of cotton bollworm. After putting into production, he achieved obvious economic and ecological benefits. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, he further improved the comprehensive control technology system and made outstanding achievements in improving the level of comprehensive control technology in China and promoting the coordinated application of agricultural control and other control technologies.
Zhou Mingzang's contribution to the advocacy, popularization and development of integrated control and agricultural control has been commended by the state. Won the first prize of technical progress, the second prize of scientific and technological progress and the second prize of national scientific and technological progress by the Ministry of Agriculture 1980, 1986 and 1988.
Founder of Plant Insect Resistance in China
In the past half century, the research and utilization of plant insect resistance has developed rapidly all over the world, which has been widely valued and formed its own scientific system. At the end of 1950s, when Zhou Mingzang was studying the control of wheat stem fly in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, he found that the occurrence process of wheat stem fly was closely related to varieties. Therefore, he decided to start and develop the discipline of plant insect resistance in China. 1960, Zhou Mingzang conceived the guiding ideology of multi-resistance breeding, and led the teachers in his teaching and research section to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region again, aiming at the main problems existing in local spring wheat, such as wheat stem fly, rust, soil salinization and poor soil fertility, and selected hybrid combinations. 1964, and bred "64 10", "6407" and other multi-resistant and high-yield varieties. This work and idea was first carried out in China at that time, and multi-resistance breeding was earlier in the world. For example, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), which has made remarkable achievements in multi-resistance breeding, was established in 1960. Bird in America didn't breed multi-stress resistant cotton varieties until 1974, and published the theory of multi-stress resistance in 1979.
Zhou Mingzang knows that the establishment and development of any subject field are closely related to the corresponding scientific and technological exchange activities and the development of research strength. Therefore, from 65438 to 0978, the Chinese Plant Protection Society began to resume its activities. At the conference held in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, he gave an academic report on the progress of foreign insect-resistant research to promote the development of this research in China. In order to prevent the research on plant insect resistance in China from being bound by concepts from the beginning, he also raised convincing objections to the conclusion that R.H. Painter (195 1 58), the founder of international plant insect resistance, classified the phenological insect resistance of plant varieties as false insect resistance and excluded it from the category of plant insect resistance. 65438-0979 hosted the first national symposium on insect resistance in Huangshan, Anhui Province, organized and exchanged the work of plant insect resistance in China, and made an academic report on "the present situation and development of plant insect resistance research in China", emphasizing the importance and urgency of carrying out research in this field. 1982, the second academic seminar was held in Shaanxi Wugong. These two meetings have played an important role in promoting plant insect resistance in China. 198 1 autumn, he led a delegation from China to the United States to inspect integrated pest management, and visited representative universities and agricultural research institutions in seven states, especially the research and utilization of plant insect resistance. After returning to China, some suggestions are put forward for the development of this field in China. 1985 gave an academic report on "Trends and Prospects of Research and Utilization of Plant Insect Resistance" at the meeting of "Forecast and Countermeasures for the Development of Plant Protection Science and Technology in China in 2000" held by China Plant Protection Society in Changsha, and put forward suggestions on the future direction, content and planning from a strategic perspective.
At the same time, he also organized forces to guide and lead young teachers to study the main pests of wheat, millet, cotton and other crops, starting with the basic variety resistance screening and identification work, and gradually going deep into the identification technology, resistance mechanism, factor analysis of variety resistance and resistance evaluation and utilization of variety resources, and achieved fruitful results. At present, he is preparing conditions for genetic breeding of resistance by biotechnology. After the establishment of the postgraduate training system in China, he was elected as the first doctoral supervisor, and immediately recruited postgraduate students with the research direction of plant pest resistance and integrated pest management, and some of them were sent abroad. 1982, the postgraduate course of "Principles of Plant Insect Resistance" was opened for the first time in China. He also undertook the construction of the textbook "Principles and Applications of Crop Insect Resistance" by the Ministry of Agriculture.
For more than half a century, Zhou Mingzang has devoted his life to the cause of plant protection. He spends most of his time teaching in agricultural colleges. He studies rigorously and sets an example. He enjoys a high reputation in academic circles at home and abroad. He has long been the leader of the Chinese Entomology Society and the Chinese Plant Protection Society, and has participated in many international academic conferences. For example, he was one of the conveners of the pest group when the first socialist national plant protection conference was held in Beijing from 65438 to 0954. 1957 participated in the international plant quarantine conference held in East Berlin; 1960 participated in the revision meeting of Sino-Soviet bilateral plant quarantine agreement held in Moscow; 1964 participated in the scientific goodwill delegation of China to five countries in West Africa and North Africa; In the same year, he participated in the international scientific seminar held in Beijing; 198 1 led a delegation from China to visit the United States to inspect the integrated pest management.
Zhou Mingzang always adhered to the spirit of integrating theory with practice and seeking truth from facts. He believes that the combination of teaching, scientific research and production can better cultivate talents and improve the quality of teaching, and has been practicing for this purpose. In scientific research, he not only attaches importance to pioneering and enterprising, but also insists on being down-to-earth and persevering, setting an example for young and middle-aged scientific and technological workers to learn.
Mr. Zhou Mingcang, a famous entomologist in China, an agricultural educator, a pioneer of modern agricultural entomology in China, the founder of plant insect-resistant discipline in China, one of the founders of modern entomology in China, and a first-class professor at China Agricultural University, died in Beijing on February 2, 2005 11:55 at the age of 98.
In the past 70 years, Professor Zhou Mingzang has devoted himself to the teaching and research of entomology, organically combined teaching, scientific research and production on the principle of integrating theory with practice and seeking truth from facts, and made unremitting efforts for decades, making fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of pest control and plant resistance. He has published more than 100 academic papers at home and abroad, and published more than 10 monographs and teaching materials such as Agricultural Pests in North China, Agricultural Entomology, and Principles and Applications of Plant Insect Resistance. Its achievements successively won the first prize of the Ministry of Agriculture's technological progress, the second prize of scientific and technological progress and the second prize of the national scientific and technological progress in 1980, 1986 and 1988. 65438-0993, the former Beijing Agricultural University awarded the "Honorary Agricultural University Award" in recognition of Professor Zhou Mingzang's outstanding contribution to the construction and development of agricultural universities.
Professor Zhou Mingzang loves the motherland, education and science. He is serious and devoted to the construction and development of disciplines and the prosperity of the school. He set an example and trained a large number of outstanding talents for the motherland, including more than 20 master students and 0/6 doctoral students, and made outstanding contributions to plant protection and entomology education in China. On his deathbed, Professor Zhou Mingzang was still concerned with discipline construction, school development and centenary celebration, and the complete reunification and prosperity of the motherland. He really lived forever, devoted himself to death, and showed the great patriotic feelings of a scientist and educator and the lofty moral character of a * * *. He is an example for the teachers, students, staff and staff of the whole school to learn from.
The death of Mr. Zhou Mingzang is a great loss to entomology, plant protection and China Agricultural University in China.