Zhang Fei and Liu are the second of the five tiger generals. Liu Bei, who worked with Guan Yu as a child. Fighting with Guan Yu and Liu Bei against Lu Bu in Hulao Pass. A roar on the Changbanpo Bridge scared away Cao Cao's 5,000 elite riders, went to Sichuan to release Yan Yan, divided Dingzhou County into several counties, led more than 10,000 elite soldiers, and defeated Zhang He's army. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself king, he became a right general, and after he proclaimed himself emperor, he became a chariot general, and was named Hou Xixiang. In 22 1 year, in order to avenge Guan Yu, he and Liu Bei set out together to attack Wu Dong. Before he left, he was assassinated by Fan Jiang and Zhang Da at the age of 55. There is a poem in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that sighs:
Ann once sniffed Du You, and the yellow scarf swept Liu.
Hulao Pass's voice vibrates first, and the water at the edge of Changban Bridge flows backwards.
Yi Shi Yan Yan Shu Anjing, Zhang Zhijie Feiding Zhongzhou.
If Wu fails to cut, he will die first, and the autumn grass will grow sad.
Taoyuan three sworn
When folk customs spread to the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei became sworn brothers in Taoyuan. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" for the first time: "Fei said:' There is a peach garden behind my village, and the flowers are blooming; Tomorrow we will sacrifice to heaven and earth in the garden. The three of us will become brothers, and Qi Xin will work together to achieve great things. Liu Bei and Yun Shang said in unison, "Great." The next day, in the Peach Blossom Garden, a ceremony of black cow and white horse was prepared. The three of them burned incense and worshipped again, and vowed,' I miss Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Although they are brothers, they will work together in Qi Xin to help the poor; Serve the country and feel at ease; I don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, I just want to die on the same day in the same year After heaven and earth, you can learn this heart. Infidelity, heaven and man kill together! After the oath, Liu Bei was sworn as his younger brother, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as his younger brothers. "Then become sworn brothers, to find a way to together.
Zhang Fei's name is Yide, and he is a Zhuo Junren. When he was young, both he and Guan Yu were working for the late master Liu Bei. Guan Yu is several years older than Zhang Fei and is called Guan Yu's brother. Liu Bei followed Cao Cao to defeat Lu Bu, and Cao Cao promoted Zhang Fei to be a corps commander. The late Lord Liu Bei turned his back on Cao Cao and took refuge in Yuan Shao and Liu Biao. After Liu Biao's death, Cao Caobing went to Jingzhou, and Liu Bei went to Jiangnan. Cao Cao chased Liu Bei for a day and a night, and finally caught up with Liu Bei in Changbanpo, Dangyang. Liu Bei, the late Lord, learned that Cao Cao's pursuers had arrived, glanced at all his sons and wives and ran away, leaving Zhang Fei to lead twenty cavalry. Zhang Fei went to break the bridge over the river and let twenty people ride horses and drag branches to raise smoke, making it look like many people. Then Zhang Fei immediately stared at the spear and shouted, "Laozi, I am the legendary Zhang Yide who kills people without blinking an eye and eats without giving money." If you don't agree, come and fight with me! " The pursuers are so cheap that no one dares to come up, so they can run. The late Lord Liu Bei pacified Jiangnan, appointed Zhang Fei as the prefect and general of Lu, sealed the new pavilion, and then transferred to Nanjun. Former leader Liu Bei came to Yizhou to attack Liu Zhang. Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang went upstream and divided their forces to take the county. Jiangzhou defeated Liu Zhang and captured Yan Yan, the satrap of Ba County. Zhang Fei scolded Yan Yan: "Enemy at the Gates, why don't you surrender? Dare to resist? " Yan Yan replied, "You lawless things have invaded my country. In our state, there are only generals who beheaded and died, and there are no generals who surrendered! " "Zhang Fei is very angry (thinking, little B, you still pretend with me! ), ordered around, dragged out to behead, Yan Yan's face did not change color and said, "Kill if you want, what's to be afraid of! "Zhang Fei cherishes heroes and loves heroes. Hearing this, he let him go and treated him like a distinguished guest. Zhang Fei attacked the city and plundered the village, and met Liu Bei in Chengdu. Yizhou, since Pingping, has given Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and Guan Yu 500 Jin of gold, 1,000 Jin of silver, 50 million copper coins and 1,000 brocade horses, and the rest have been given to each other, and arranged for Zhang Fei to be the western prefect of Ba County.
Recently, Beijing Publishing House published a standard copy of Yan, Liu and European fonts. In the "editing" of these copybooks, it is like the next paragraph:
"There are many calligraphers in our country, so we can't introduce them one by one. ..... China calligraphers are not limited to literati, and there are many military commanders, such as Zhang Fei and Yue Fei, and there are also many generals who are both civil and military, such as Yan Zhenqing and Fan Zhongyan. "
Some readers were surprised to see Zhang Fei here and wrote to ask:
"Zhang Fei is eight feet long, with a leopard head and a big beard. He is thunderous and hot as a galloping horse. How can he be a calligrapher?" Could this be a coincidence of names? If not, please introduce Zhang Fei's calligraphy and try to let everyone appreciate Zhang Fei's calligraphy. "
Now I will talk about this problem as requested in the letter.
According to legend, Zhang Fei can not only write, but also draw. Moreover, Zhang Fei, known as a painter and calligrapher, is not a coincidence in name. He is Zhang Yide, the general of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period! Do you think it is incredible? However, this legend is very influential, but it is not completely unfounded.
The record of Zhang Fei's calligraphy was first seen in Liang's Sword Record in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He wrote:
"Zhang Feichu worship the new pavilion, pretending that artisans refined Chishan iron into knives. Ming said: New Pavilion Hou, General Shu also. Later, I killed him and killed him in Wu. "
Some people explained that Zhang Fei wrote the inscription of the new Tinghou Road himself. But now that the original has been lost, there is no way to prove it.
Since then, it seems that few people talk about Zhang Fei's calligraphy. In the Ming Dynasty, there appeared the Total Record of Dan and Lead, in which there was another record about Zhang Fei's calligraphy:
"Fuling has Zhang Fei Diao Douming. It is written skillfully and expensively. Zhang Shiyun: A hero in the world, only Yuzhou, my aunt doesn't hate each other. Mountains and rivers are divided into three countries; The universe is famous. Jiang Shangci Chang Yan Jianpei; Diao Dou on the earth saw a silver hook. Spare Zhuge's watch, who will be Liu! "
Judging from this record, it seems that the inscription was written by Zhang Fei himself. Unfortunately, I haven't seen this inscription. I wonder if any friends can find its original or reliable rubbings. Readers in Pengshui County, Sichuan Province, in particular, had better check locally if there is Diao Dou Ming written by Zhang Fei. It would be great if it could be found and published for everyone to learn and appreciate.
In addition, in the Ming Dynasty, another cliff stone carving was discovered in Liujiang County, Sichuan Province. This is the so-called "Zhang Ma Fei Ming", also known as "Eight Monks Cliff", and Chen Jiru's "Taiping Huaqing" and other books in the Ming Dynasty have long been recorded. This inscription is:
"Korea's general fly, fine dead ten thousand people. The first film of the thief, combined with the Ba Meng, immediately became clear. "
This inscription only exists in a rubbings of Guangxu period in Qing Dynasty. According to the inscription of Hu Shengyou in the late Qing Dynasty, "Huan Hou immediately wrote an inscription, which is said to be a spear? ? Stone writer, in Shibi, Quxian County, Sichuan Province. The wall cracked and the words were destroyed. In June of the seventh year of Guangxu, I checked the rubbings collected at home and hooked this stone again. " Many people have appraised this rubbings, and think that unlike the inscriptions in Han Dynasty, it may be made by later generations. At the same time, according to Sichuan Zongzhi, the word "Jun" in the inscription is "Zhang" and the word "Ming" is "Ming", which is different from the rubbings. The original trace is in Liujiang county or Quxian county, and the statement is inconsistent. If readers in Sichuan can go to these two places to see if there are any remnants or ancient rubbings on this cliff stone carving, I think it is not difficult to find the truth by judging from the real thing.
In addition to these handwriting handed down from generation to generation, we might as well mention Zhang Fei's paintings by the way. According to the Ming dynasty Zhuo erchang compiled "painting marrow yuan Shi" contains:
"Zhang Fei ... likes painting beauties and is good at cursive writing."
Unfortunately, we can't find Zhang Fei's original painting now. Moreover, it seems that the evidence is too weak to prove what Zhang Fei painted.
From this perspective, no matter about Zhang Fei's books or paintings, we have no reason to make a positive or negative judgment casually. We can neither arbitrarily say that he can't write and draw, nor arbitrarily say that he can't write and draw well; Nor can we arbitrarily say that he is a painter. Because no matter what kind of judgment you make, I'm afraid you can't produce reliable evidence. However, since it has been officially announced that Zhang Fei is an ancient calligrapher in China, readers certainly have reason to demand that Zhang Fei's handwriting be made public. He who tied the bell must untie the bell. I'm sorry I can't replace this blister.
Having said that, I'd like to mention one more thing. Please note that Yue Fei's handwriting, such as "Return My Mountains and Rivers" and "Be a Model Before and After", has now been proved to be not the original work of Yue Fei. Yue Fei's handwriting is not like that at all, but a face different from the handwriting like "Give me back my mountains and rivers". In recent years, Yue Fei's letters have been published in Feng Shu Tie, a rubbings of the Southern Song Dynasty collected by Shanghai Cultural Management Association, and its font is very close to Su Dongpo's. I hope to find ancient rubbings or pictures again one day, which may be lucky enough to include Zhang Fei's paintings and calligraphy. Thank God everyone can be happy.
This is not entirely an illusion, because the ancients, like today, can write things as long as they dare to write and draw, even if they don't draw well. Zhang Fei was a great hero in the Three Kingdoms period. Doesn't he have the courage to write and draw boldly? -"Yanshan Night Talk"