Fa Yueer believes that control is to supervise whether everyone works according to plans, orders and principles; Holder Gates believes that control means that managers compare the completion of the plan with the goal, and then take measures to correct the deviation in the implementation of the plan to ensure the realization of the planned goal; Cüneyt believes that control is to measure the completion of the plan according to the plan standard and correct the deviation in the implementation of the plan to ensure the realization of the plan objectives; Schemmerhorn believes that control is a process of measuring work performance, comparing results with targets and taking corrective measures when necessary. It can be seen that control refers to the process that managers monitor various activities to ensure that they are carried out as planned and correct various major deviations. The essence of control is to make the work go according to the plan, or just make appropriate adjustments to the plan to ensure that the organization's goals and plans can be realized.

Basic types of control

field control

Used in the process of plan implementation, it is mainly a control method adopted by grass-roots supervisors. Control the activities of subordinates through on-site personal supervision, inspection and guidance. Its contents include: guiding subordinates with appropriate working methods and workflow; Supervise the work of subordinates to ensure the realization of planned objectives; When the deviation that does not meet the standard is found, take corrective measures immediately.

feedback control

Mainly analyze the implementation results of the work, compare with the control standards, find out the deviations that have occurred and will occur, analyze their causes and possible impacts on the future, and formulate and implement corrective measures in time to prevent the deviations from continuing to develop or happening again.

real-time control

It is a special case of feedback control, which refers to a control that takes corresponding countermeasures and corrects deviations immediately after receiving feedback information. This control is developed with the development of electronic computers.

feedforward control

A control method that carefully analyzes, studies, predicts and takes preventive measures before the activity is carried out, so that possible deviations can be planned and solved in advance is called feedforward control. Feedforward control system is complex, there are many influencing factors, and the input factors are often mixed together. This requires feedforward control to establish a system model, carefully analyze the planned control system, determine the important output variables, and regularly estimate the deviation between the actual input data and the planned input data, evaluate its impact on the expected results, and ensure that measures are taken to solve these problems. Feedforward control is more ideal than feedback control, but because the plan must face many uncertain factors and unpredictable accidents, even if feedforward control is carried out, the results cannot be guaranteed to meet the requirements of the plan. Therefore, the implementation results of the plan still need to be tested and evaluated.

Indirect control

It is a process of observing managers' future actions, tracking and finding out the causes of bad results, and investigating individual responsibility and making it correct in practice. In practical work, under the premise that the set standards are correct, there are often two reasons for the deviation, namely, due to uncertain factors or the lack of knowledge, experience and judgment of the directly responsible managers. Uncertainty is incalculable, so the resulting management mistakes are inevitable. In this case, indirect control is not feasible.

Take direct control

Compared with indirect control, it is a kind of control to eliminate or reduce the deviation caused by poor management by improving the quality and leadership level of managers. Its guiding ideology is that a qualified supervisor makes the least mistakes, and he can realize the problems and take corrective measures in time. The so-called "qualified" means that they can skillfully use the concepts, principles and technologies of management to manage from a systematic perspective; Therefore, the higher the quality of managers and their subordinates, the less need for indirect control.

The advantages of direct control are: it can control the quality of managers and have greater accuracy when assigning tasks to individuals, thus controlling the probability of deviation; Measures to correct deviations can be accelerated and become more effective; Because it improves the quality of supervisors and reduces the occurrence of deviation, it can reduce the burden brought by indirect control and save money and expenses; The psychological effect of direct control is also impressive. With the improvement of the quality of the supervisor, his prestige will also increase, and the trust and support of his subordinates will also increase, which is conducive to the smooth realization of the whole plan.

It can be seen that control runs through the whole process of management activities. The effectiveness of management requires that we must control according to the management objectives, correct the behaviors deviating from the objectives in time, and standardize the individual behavior of the organization in order to achieve the effectiveness of collective activities.