2. alexandre dumasfils, (alexandre dumasfils L802 ~ 1870),19th century French positive romantic writer. His grandfather was Marquis de la Banat, married a black slave, gave birth to his father Alexander, and was baptized with his mother's surname Dumas. After the French Revolution broke out, alexandre dumasfils made many great achievements and became a general of the Republican government. Dumas adhered to the Republican political viewpoint all his life, always opposed the monarchy, hated the Restoration Dynasty, was dissatisfied with the July Dynasty, and opposed the Second Empire. He suffered from racial discrimination and was traumatized. Family background and experience made Dumas form a rebellious style of opposing injustice and pursuing justice. Dumas taught himself, and wrote 300 volumes of various types of works in his life, mainly known for novels and plays. Dumas' play Henry III and His Court (1829) came out one year earlier than Hugo's Onani. This romantic drama completely broke the "three unifications" of classicism. There are as many as 100 novels by Dumas, most of which are based on real history and take the adventures of the protagonist as the content. The plot is tortuous and vivid, surprising everywhere, and it can be called a historical thriller. Unusual ideal hero, rapidly developing storyline, tense fighting action, clear and complete structure, vivid and powerful language and flexible and witty dialogue constitute the characteristics of Dumas novels. The most famous are the old versions of three musketeers, three musketeers (1844) and The Count of Monte Cristo. Dumas was called a "genius novelist" by belinsky, and he was also one of Marx's "favorite" writers.
3. Zhang Qian, a native of Wen Zi, Han nationality, was born in Chenggu County, Hanzhong (now Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province). He was an outstanding explorer, traveler and diplomat in China during the Han Dynasty and made great contributions to the development of the Silk Road. It opened up the north-south road to the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, and introduced blood horses, grapes, alfalfa, pomegranate, walnuts, flax and so on from various countries in the Western Regions. In the first year of Jianyuan (before 140), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became Lang. Emperor Wu wanted to attack the Huns with Yue's family, and Zhang Qian was recruited as the envoy. In the third year of Jianyuan-before 138, he left Longxi and was captured by Xiongnu. In Xiongnu 10 years, they got married and had children, but they always adhered to the Han Festival. After escaping, I went west to Dawan, passed Kangju, arrived at Dayue's house, and went to Daxia, where I stayed for more than a year before coming back. On his way home, Zhang Qian changed from South Road to Nanshan in an attempt to avoid being discovered by Xiongnu, but he got it from Xiongnu and was detained for more than a year. In the third year of Yuan Shuo (BC 126), the Huns were in civil strife, and Zhang Qian took the opportunity to escape into the Han Dynasty. He gave a detailed report on the Western Regions to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who made him a doctor in Taichung. When Zhang Qian was in the summer, he learned that he could spend the summer by taking the road from the southwest of Shu (now Sichuan Basin) and taking the poison of India (now India). Because he advised Liang Wudi to open the route to the southwest, it was blocked by Kunming Yi and failed to pass. In the sixth year of Yuanshuo, Zhang Qian made contributions to the Xiongnu with Wei Qing, so he made a fortune and looked forward to it. In the second year of Yuanshou (before 12 1), he and Li Guang left Beiping (now northeast Hebei) to attack the Huns; Zhang Qian, who came late in the army, was beheaded, and made atonement with Hou to avoid being Shu Ren. Later, Zhang Qian advised Wu Di to unite with Wu Sun (in today's Ili Valley), and Wu Di took Zhang Qian as a corps commander. In BC 1 19, 300 people were sent to Wusun with tens of thousands of cattle and sheep, gold and silk. Zhang Qian sent envoys to Wusun and sent envoys to the surrounding countries such as Dawan, Kangju, Yueshi and Daxia. This trip has also achieved great results. Western countries also sent envoys to visit Chang 'an. Wu Sun sent messengers to send Zhang Qian back to Han, and offered a horse to thank him. Ding Yuan in the second year (former 1 15), Zhang Qian also. Died the following year. After he sent envoys, he led envoys from various countries in the western regions to Han; Wu Sun finally married Han and defeated the Xiongnu. Zhang Qian is the founder of Hanergy's ability to communicate with the western regions. Because of Zhang Qian's prestige in the Western Regions, the envoys of the Han Dynasty later called him Bo Wanghou to win the trust of other countries. Zhang Qian has made outstanding contributions to the opening of the Silk Road from China to the Western Regions, which is praised by the world. There were no historical records in western countries at that time, which were reported by Zhang Qian and recorded in Historical Records and Hanshu. They were the original materials on which the history of Central Asia was studied, and they were of great value.
4. Zhu Ziqing, whose original name was Huazi, whose name was Peixian, was Qiushi. He was born on the ninth day of October in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898165438+1October 22nd) and died at 1948 12. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He is a famous writer and scholar in modern times. Zhu Ziqing's grandfather, Zhu Zeyu, whose real name was Yu, changed his surname because he inherited the Zhujiajian family. Being cautious, he served as a judge in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty 10 for more than 0 years. My father's name is Hong Jun, and his word is Xiaopo. He married Zhou and is a scholar. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), Hongjun Zhu went from the East China Sea to Shaobo Town, belonging to Yangzhou Prefecture. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou. From 65438 to 0948, Zhu Ziqing took part in the movement of refusing to accept American relief food because he opposed the American government's aid policy to Japan. He had lung disease at that time and finally died of poverty at the age of 50. There are 27 kinds of Zhu Ziqing's works, totaling about 6.5438+0.9 million words, including poetry, prose, literary criticism and academic research. Most of the income is four volumes of Zhu Ziqing's collected works published by Ming Kai Bookstore 1953. From 65438 to 0988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six complete works of Zhu Ziqing. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River under the Shadows of Paddles and Lights published by 1923 shows his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. 1928' s collection of essays "Back" made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time. Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyric prose. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: one is a group of essays with the main content of writing social life and attacking dark reality. Representative works include The Cost of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and Government Massacre. Second, a group of essays, represented by figures, children and bereaved women, mainly describe personal and family life, showing the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, with strong human feelings. Thirdly, a group of lyric sketches with natural scenery as the theme, such as Green, Spring, Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are his representative works. The latter two essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing style, and full of true feelings.
5. Lu Xun (1881.9.25—1936./kloc-0.19), originally named Zhou Zhangshou (later renamed Zhou Shuren), was named Yushan, and later changed to Yucai. When the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman was published (1965438+May 2008), it was written under the pseudonym "Lu Xun". His works are mainly novels and essays, and his representative works are: Collection of Novels, Scream, Wandering, New Stories, etc. , Prose Collection, Prose Poetry Collection, Weeds, Prose Collection, Grave, Hot Wind, Gai Hua Collection, South Courtyard and North Courtyard, etc. Dozens of Lu Xun's novels, essays, poems, essays, etc. have been selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools, becoming well-known artistic image novels, such as Blessing and The True Story of Ah Q, which have been adapted into movies. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xiamen. At the same time, his works have been translated into more than 50 languages such as English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French and German, and have a wide audience all over the world. Lu Xun, who fought with pen as a weapon all his life, is known as "soul of china", the banner of modern literature. He is a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China, the founder of modern literature in China, and is known as Tolstoy of China. Mao Zedong commented that he was the commander-in-chief of China's Cultural Revolution. "Bowing one's head and being a willing ox" is a portrayal of Mr. Lu Xun's life.