The main contents of A Brief History of Time can be summarized as follows:
1. Time starting point -BIGBANG singularity. The universe is constantly expanding and should shrink to a point at first. This moment is called BIGBANG moment. The density of the universe at this point is infinite, which is mathematically called singularity.
2. Time ends-black hole. Stars will shrink continuously due to gravity, forming a "black hole". The gravity on the surface of the black hole is very strong, and time will end here.
3. How did God start the universe? -The origin and destiny of the universe. One is the chaotic boundary condition of the origin of the universe explained by anthropic principle; Another explanation is called "inflation model", which holds that the universe expands at an acceleration at the beginning, and the radius of the universe increases by 1 00 trillion times in less than1second.
4. The unity of physics-the ultimate theory. Humans are seeking to establish a complete and coordinated unified theory applicable to every event in the universe, in which no specific constants need to be selected to conform to the facts.
Extended data:
A Brief History of Time is a scientific work by British physicist stephen william hawking, which was first published in 1988.
The book consists of twelve chapters, which tell the most advanced knowledge about the nature of the universe, including: our universe image, time and space, the expanding universe, the uncertainty principle, black holes, the origin and fate of the universe, etc. Introduce distant galaxies, black holes, particles, antimatter and other knowledge in simple terms, and elaborate ancient propositions such as the origin of the universe, time and space, and relativity.
In this book, Hawking discusses the unresolved conflicts in the existing theories of the universe and points out the problems in unifying quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and general relativity. The orientation of this book is to let ordinary readers who are interested in cosmology know his theory and its mathematical principles. ?
Since the first edition of 1988, the book has been translated into 40 languages, with a cumulative sales of more than 25 million copies, making it the best-selling science book in the world.
Shortly after the publication of Primitive Universe, Hawking decided to write a cosmology book that was very attractive to the public. This book is a brief history of time. Unfortunately, this book has been delayed until 1985, because Hawking was unfortunately infected with pneumonia when he visited the quantum physics laboratory of the European Atomic Energy Institute in Geneva, Switzerland.
Because of his serious illness, Hawking was sent to Ardenbrook Hospital of Cambridge University for tracheotomy. Although this operation saved Hawking's life, he can no longer use his voice. Hawking uses a small computer speech synthesizer connected to a wheelchair to "speak" by hand.
It's inconvenient for Hawking, but it's easy for the audience who couldn't hear clearly before. Before using this speech synthesizer, only the people closest to him could understand what he said. Hawking's A Brief History of Time was finally published in 1988.
A Brief History of Time is a popular science book about the mysteries of the universe. Hawking's explanation of A Brief History of Time is "from the Big Bang to the Black Hole", which means that time (and space) is supposed to start from the Big Bang and evolve to the end of the black hole.
A Brief History of Time focuses on answering the oldest proposition of mankind: Does time have a beginning and an end? How was the universe born? Where did it come from and where did it go?
According to traditional thinking, the universe is boundless in space and has no beginning or end in time. However, Hawking believes that the universe has its own historical starting point. It was born about 654.38+0.5 billion years ago. At that time, the universe only existed as a "point", occupying no space and having no concept of time. Later, there was a big explosion at this "point", where time and space began and matter gradually formed.
At first, the temperature of the universe was extremely high. As time goes on, its space is getting bigger and bigger, and its temperature is getting lower and lower. The energy and matter contained in it constantly undergo complex reactions and eventually form galaxies. The space of the universe has been expanding and expanding until today.
About 5 billion years ago, the sun formed. About 4.6 billion years ago, the earth formed and became one of the nine planets in the solar system. The universe continues to expand and will expand in the future. Perhaps after expanding to a certain extent, the universe will gradually shrink and eventually shrink into a "point" that does not occupy space. This also represents the end of time.
However, no one can give an exact answer whether the universe will shrink into a "point". What the universe was like before the Big Bang, or why it happened, is unknown and will remain an eternal mystery. This is the theoretical basis of Hawking's Big Bang universe.
Hawking answers the basic questions about the universe with his brand-new physical theory in this book. In concrete writing, he gave up all mathematical theoretical formulas, and introduced the basic views on the origin and life of the universe to the readers in concise and easy-to-understand language for the first time, and devoted himself to letting more people know about the universe in which he lived. Therefore, this book has become a popular science model for popularizing advanced theoretical physics.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-A Brief History of Time