Based on the supervision contract project of the company 1350 m3 blast furnace project, this paper makes some explorations on how to do a good job in supervision, and invites experts and scholars in the same field to criticize and correct me.
A, project quality control
Engineering quality is a comprehensive reflection of the working quality of each link and process in the whole construction process. Quality control focuses on the operation technology and activities of each link in the process of quality formation, and ensures the quality of the entity by controlling the quality of the activities. There are many factors that affect the quality, such as large quality fluctuation, strong variability and strong concealment, which lead to the limitation of engineering quality inspection and monitoring. These are the characteristics that form the engineering quality. Therefore, it is far from enough to ensure the quality of the project only through supervision and inspection, and corresponding measures must be formulated at all stages of construction to control it.
1. Quality control in construction preparation stage The blast furnace project is mainly composed of blast furnace body, hot blast stove system, coke oven system, blower station, dust removal system, water treatment system, transportation corridor, transfer station, electrical building and office building. Before construction, carefully review the engineering design drawings and design instructions, fully understand the process and characteristics of each system, communicate with the relevant personnel of the construction unit and design unit on the problems existing in the engineering design drawings, and fully understand the construction.
Carefully review the construction organization design (construction scheme), special safety scheme, quality assurance measures and safety technical measures, general layout of construction, labor arrangement, preparation of tools and materials, production of prefabricated products and semi-finished products, etc. reported by the construction unit. , to ensure that meet the needs of construction. Assist the construction unit to do a good job of drawing design disclosure, and urge the construction unit to do a good job of technical disclosure before operation, so that each construction worker can understand the specific requirements of their respective posts. Confirm the validity of the construction drawing, and go through relevant procedures such as design change, process change, material change and equipment selection. Verify the qualification of the construction unit, relevant personnel, employment certificate, etc. , and carry out relevant inspections on the equipment entering the site.
2. Quality control in the construction stage
When entering the construction stage, the supervision meeting is essential, which can be held at the right time as needed, at least once a week. Blast furnace engineering supervision department organizes a safety and quality inspection in addition to the regular meeting every week, and issues the problems found in the inspection in the form of a meeting to urge the construction unit to make rectification as required. According to the professional division of labor of the supervision department, the supervision engineers of each major strengthen the control and inspection of important parts of each major, and adopt the combination of patrol and standby to ensure the engineering quality. The construction quality problems found in the patrol inspection can be notified to the construction party in the form of "supervision work contact list" or "supervision notice" according to the size and severity of the quality problems, and the rectification can be supervised. For example, in the installation of blast furnace shell, the weld quality must be inspected by the side station, and the internal quality of the weld must be inspected by flaw detection. Hot blast stoves are particularly strict with brick masonry, and the supervisor must check on the spot to ensure the quality. The supervision engineer shall, according to the actual construction situation, carefully review the inspection reports and hidden reports of various projects submitted by the contractor, and whether they meet the requirements of construction drawings and specifications. If the project quality does not meet the requirements, the next working procedure shall not be carried out without the signature of the supervision engineer. Require and urge the construction unit to implement the "three inspections" system and check the posts of relevant personnel in real time. Communicate with the construction unit in time for the problems found in daily inspection to reduce unnecessary losses.
3. After the completion of the quality control project in the completion acceptance stage, it is necessary to urge and cooperate with the construction unit to improve the construction materials as soon as possible, organize the pre-acceptance of the project, urge the rectification of the existing problems, evaluate the engineering quality of the completed project, provide the division and unit engineering quality evaluation report and supervision summary in time, put forward the completion acceptance suggestions to the project owner, and assist the project owner to organize the completion acceptance.
4. Quality control of project quality warranty period During the warranty period, if the owner has quality problems (caused by non-owner reasons or unforeseeable factors) during use, the supervisor shall go to the site for inspection according to the supervision contract and notify the contractor for warranty.
Second, the project schedule control
1, scheduling approval
The progress plan is the overall arrangement around how to achieve the progress goal before the project is implemented. Whether the schedule is reasonable or not is directly related to whether the schedule can be effectively controlled. Schedule is the basis for our supervision department to check and control key nodes. Therefore, when we examine and approve the contractor's progress plan, we must organize special personnel to conduct a comprehensive review of the scientificity, rationality and feasibility of the plan.
First of all, the schedule must meet the requirements of the contract and the owner's main time nodes. Generally speaking, it can only be advanced, not delayed; Secondly, whether the progress is consistent with the construction plan, the construction deployment, construction method, construction technology, construction machinery and construction organization in the construction plan directly affect the schedule, so when reviewing the construction progress, it is necessary to check whether the construction progress is consistent with the construction plan, and if there is any contradiction, the contractor must be required to adjust the schedule or construction plan; The third is to see whether the guarantee measures of the schedule are reasonable, including technical measures, management measures and seasonal construction measures (such as winter construction measures, rainy season construction measures, summer construction measures, etc.). ); The fourth is to see whether the resource plan can meet the needs of the progress, for example, equipment, construction tools, personnel, turnover materials, etc. Only when relevant resources are organized in place can the construction period be guaranteed.
2. Establish a dynamic schedule control system.
The purpose of schedule control is to make the project organize construction as planned. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to establish a scientific and effective progress monitoring mechanism. In the construction of the blast furnace project of Yongchang Company, we first require the construction unit to prepare the secondary network plan according to the owner's primary network plan, organize careful review, and decompose the secondary network plan layer by layer, from subproject-subproject-unit project-overall project, each process ensures subprojects, subprojects ensure subprojects, and so on until the overall project is completed. At the same time, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual reports are also used to ensure the general node, find out the reasons for the delay of the construction period on time according to the plan, and take measures to make up for the lost construction period.
The coordination mechanism is also our working method to ensure the progress of this project: first, the regular meeting system is held once a week to solve some less urgent problems; The second is thematic coordination meeting to solve more urgent and difficult coordination problems; The third is to meet every day to deal with the problems that need to be solved and coordinated that day. Through these three coordination mechanisms, the unfavorable factors affecting the progress can be eliminated in time.
In addition, in this project, we also adopted a risk early warning mechanism. Due to the characteristics of this project, there are many sub-units and unit projects, the proportion of equipment is complex, the technology is complex, there are many cross-operations, and the construction is difficult. There will be many unforeseen factors in the implementation of the schedule, which will lead to the delay of the schedule. To this end, we have established a risk early warning mechanism, which divides the risk factors into eight categories: climatic conditions, design changes, procurement and supply, construction conditions, quality conditions, safety conditions, funds and others. Once an abnormal situation is found in the monitoring, the supervision department will contact the relevant units through the supervision engineer in time and send out an alarm message to remind the other party to take reasonable and effective measures in time to prevent the progress from getting out of control. Once the current progress is out of control, the construction unit will be required to take remedial measures immediately to regain the lagging construction period.
Third, the project investment control
Familiarity with contract terms and strengthening contract awareness are the first conditions for investment control. Investment control must be based on contract. Before this, we should make a reasonable and feasible investment control plan and control the investment through systematic control methods. We should always compare the actual completion with the plan, analyze the reasons for the deviation, and determine the methods to solve the problems in order to achieve the purpose of investment control. To this end, in order to fully control the investment, as a supervision unit, especially a supervision engineer, the following work should be done:
First of all, the supervision department should assist the owner to formulate investment control objectives and annual, semi-annual, quarterly and even monthly investment plans according to relevant contracts, and control the investment in real time.
The construction unit is required to prepare a fund flow plan based on the overall construction progress according to the actual situation on site, which will be reviewed by the supervision department and reported to the owner as the benchmark for future investment control. Secondly, once the investment plan is determined, it is necessary to make a reasonable target decomposition. Define the monthly or even weekly capital control target from the time, allocate the investment target to the specific parts of the unit, sub-unit, division, sub-project and other projects according to the bill of quantities, check the difference between the actual investment and the planned investment in real time, analyze the reasons, and take timely measures to adjust and control.
Key control points: The main work of supervision engineer's daily investment control is to ensure the authenticity of the measurement and payment vouchers issued by the supervision engineer through real-time control of the actual situation on site, and sign the increase or decrease of on-site engineering quantity in time. For the losses caused by reasons other than the contractor in the construction process, remind the construction unit to make records in time, file a claim within the specified time, communicate with the owner in time according to relevant requirements, and handle the claim. For example, in the process of blast furnace construction in Yongchang Iron and Steel Company, due to external reasons, the on-site construction was blacked out for five days. Our supervisor promptly organized the construction unit and the owner to conduct on-site certification of mechanical displacement and personnel slowdown, which provided a basis for subsequent pre-settlement. The construction unit is required to apply in writing for on-site material substitution and engineering change in time, organize relevant supervision engineers to discuss its feasibility, analyze whether it is economical and reasonable, report it to the owner in time, and finally let the design unit sign for confirmation. For the changes proposed by the design unit, analyze whether it exceeds the planned investment, communicate with the owner and the design from the perspectives of economy, safety and applicability, reduce unnecessary investment increase, and put forward suggestions for saving and controlling the total investment. For the direct factors that affect the project investment, such as market materials, equipment, labor, freight, shift fees, etc. , often collect information, understand the market, always remind the construction unit to pay attention, and carefully analyze the situation, so as to avoid increasing the project cost due to price increases, reduce unnecessary losses, and prevent disputes in the project budget and settlement. Carefully organize and review the measures and plans submitted by the construction unit, analyze their feasibility and economy, encourage the construction unit to take measures to reduce costs and improve economic benefits, urge the construction unit to strictly implement the project cost accounting and quality and safety management system, and strictly control quality and safety. Once safety accidents and quality accidents occur, it will lead to an infinite increase in costs, incalculable losses to engineering investment and extremely negative impact on society.
Investment control is a dynamic process that changes constantly with the construction progress, so our supervision department must summarize the investment completion of the month every month, compare the actual investment with the monthly control target, and compare it with the investment targets of various parts, carefully analyze the reasons for the deviation, sum up experience, take corrective measures, and put forward requirements for the investment targets controlled in the next stage to ensure that the total investment targets are within the prescribed scope.
The construction of the project is a complex and huge system engineering, and the factors affecting the investment, quality and progress of the project run through the whole construction process, especially the unforeseen factors can be seen everywhere. Therefore, the supervision engineer should use our professional knowledge and our long-term accumulated rich management experience to foresee and control various factors that may affect the project, provide high-quality supervision and management for the project construction, build high-quality products for the society and make contributions to the national construction.
refer to
{1} Tian Zhengmao's Brief Discussion on Supervision Engineer's Investment Control in Construction Phase Coal Engineering 2004
(2) Wu Longsheng: Strengthen the construction of project supervision system and strictly control the quality of the project, Guangxi Quality Supervision Herald, 2004.
3 Wang Yuan Fa: Research on Investment Control of Construction Projects, Engineering Economy, 2007.
{4} Li Huimin: China Civil Engineering Construction Technology Planning Press, 2002.
{5} Zhang: Building Engineering Materials China University of Mining and Technology, 2000.