Zhang Shouhua, a metallurgist and metallurgical educator, is the main founder and pioneer of the Department of Metal Materials (now the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing) and metallographic heat treatment. He is developing a new type of alloy steel suitable for China's resource conditions; Developing rapid solidification technology and developing new superalloys: research on phase transformation and strengthening and toughening: important achievements have been made in the development of large rolls. He taught and educated people and trained a group of academic leaders in the field of metal materials.
Chinese name: Zhang Shouhua
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
Date of birth:1917101October 26th.
Occupation: scientist, educator
Graduate school: Tangshan Institute of Technology, Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University)
Main achievements: 1988 won the third prize of national scientific and technological progress.
Representative works: metal heat treatment; alloy steel
biographical notes
19171kloc-0/was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu on October 26th. 1939 Graduated from Tangshan Institute of Technology (now Southwest Jiaotong University), majoring in mining and metallurgy engineering.
1939 ~ 194 1 year Intern, public works engineer and assistant engineer of Sichuan Dadukou Iron and Steel Plant.
1942 ~ 1944 as assistant engineer of Sichuan Qijiang electrochemical smelter.
1944 ~ 1946 graduate student, master of metallurgical engineering, Carnegie Institute of Technology, USA.
1946- 1947 intern engineer in Westinghouse electric manufacturing company.
1947- 1948 worked as a research assistant in the metal laboratory of Carnegie Institute of Technology.
1949 ~ 1952 Associate Professor and Professor of Mining and Metallurgy Department of Tangshan Institute of Technology (later renamed Tangshan Railway Institute, now Southwest Jiaotong University).
1952 to 1966 served as the professor and head of the Department of Metallography and Heat Treatment and the Department of Technology (including metallographic heat treatment and pressure processing) of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel.
1966- 1978 Professor, Department of Technology and Department of Metal Materials, Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel.
1978 to 1984, professor, doctoral supervisor and director of materials department of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel.
The life of the character
early stage
Zhang Shouhua,19171kloc-0/0 was born in a scholarly family in Suzhou, Jiangsu on October 26th. He has been studious since he was a child. 1935 was admitted to the Department of Mining and Metallurgy of Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University), and graduated from 1939 with a bachelor's degree in mining and metallurgic engineering with excellent results. After graduating from college, he was employed as an assistant engineer in Sichuan Dadukou Iron and Steel Plant and Sichuan Qijiang Electrochemical Smelter.
Study in the United States
1June, 944 to June, 654381October, Zhang Shouhua went to study in the United States with the patriotic desire of saving the country through industry. 1946 obtained a master's degree in metallurgical engineering from Carnegie Institute of Technology, and then worked as an intern engineer in Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Company. 1In July, 947, he was employed as a research assistant in the Metal Research Office of Carnegie Institute of Technology. Being in the United States, Zhang Shouhua has always been concerned about the development of the domestic political situation and is gratified by the successful development of the people's liberation cause led by China. On the eve of People's Republic of China (PRC)'s birth, he resolutely gave up the excellent working and living conditions abroad and the good opportunity to continue his doctoral studies, and returned to the motherland.
Back to the motherland
From 65438 to September 0949, he was employed by Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University (later renamed Tangshan Railway Institute) as an associate professor and professor. 1952, national department adjustment, newly established Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel. Zhang Shouhua was transferred to the Institute, and successively served as the professor and head of the Department of Metallography and Heat Treatment and the Department of Technology (including metallographic heat treatment and pressure processing). With a high degree of enthusiasm and sense of responsibility, he persisted in the front line of teaching and scientific research for a long time and worked hard for the preparation and development of colleges, departments and disciplines. After 1978, Zhang Shouhua continued to serve as professor and head of the department of metal materials (now changed to the department of materials science and engineering). 198 1 was hired as the first batch of doctoral supervisors in metal materials and heat treatment. During this period, he made important contributions to rectifying teaching order, improving teaching quality, strengthening discipline construction, promoting exchanges between China and foreign countries, cultivating academic echelon and broadening discipline fields.
Hold an important position
Zhang Shouhua, 1959, member of Beijing Municipal Political Consultative Conference. In academic circles, he served as the first to fourth director of China Metal Society, and 199 1 was elected honorary member of China Metal Society. He has served as the first deputy director of the Academic Committee of Metal Physics and Metallurgy of China Metal Society; The first and second vice presidents of the Society of Materials Science of China Metal Society; The second vice chairman and the third honorary director of the Heat Treatment Society of China Mechanical Engineering Society; Honorary Chairman of Beijing Heat Treatment Technology Association. 1989 was elected as an international member of American Metal Society.
Countless fruitful fruits
Zhang Shouhua carried out scientific research in close connection with the actual production development of metallurgical industry in China and the frontier issues of material science development. He covers a wide range, is pioneering and fruitful. As early as 1957, he discovered the uneven nucleation of martensite at austenite grain boundaries and twin grain boundaries. Responsible for the research on the mechanical properties of WC-Co cemented carbide, and won the third prize of scientific and technological progress of China Nonferrous Metals Corporation 1987. His "Study on Fracture Characteristic Diagram of Fatigue Creep Interaction" won the first prize of theoretical achievement of the State Education Commission 1988.
In recognition of Zhang Shouhua's important contribution in the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" national key scientific and technological research project "Development and application of alloy steel and low alloy steel", the State Science and Technology Commission and the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry awarded him the "Certificate of Honor for Important Contribution". Since 1956, Zhang Shouhua has published 50 representative papers in famous journals at home and abroad. Publish an academic monograph (rapid solidification technology and new alloys); Editor-in-chief of two professional teaching materials for colleges and universities (metal heat treatment and alloy steel) and the metallurgical part of China Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy; He has edited 1985 International Conference on Low Alloy High Strength Steel, 1986 International Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and 1990 International Conference on Low Alloy High Strength Steel. Zhang Shouhua's scientific research achievements have been highly valued by colleagues in the field of materials, and he has been invited to give lectures in universities and research institutions in the United States, Canada and other countries for many times.
Main thesis
1 edited by Zhang Shouhua. Metal heat treatment. Beijing: China Industry Press, 196 1.
2 Wu, Zhang Shouhua. Transformation of carbon steel and silicon steel during tempering. Tenth Anniversary Paper of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel, 1962: 17.
Zhang Shouhua, Tian Yan and Wu. Effect of steel internal interface on martensite formation. Journal of the 10th Anniversary of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel, 1962: 1.
4 Qiu, Fu Liyuan, Zhang Shouhua, et al. Effect of carbon and alloying elements on mechanical properties of ultra-high strength structural steel. Tenth Anniversary Paper of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel, 1962: 127.
Five Zhang Shouhua. Alloy steel Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 198 1.
6 Zhang Shouhua, Sun Dongye, Ye,, etc. Laser fusion-belt-balloon surfacing. Go on. The second international. Plexus Heat treatment of materials, Florence, Italy, 1982: 857.
7 Liu and Zhang Shouhua. Failure analysis of surface spalling of cold rolling work roll. Iron and steel, 1982, 17 (6): 55.
8 Zhang Shouhua, He Qingfu, Deng Yang. Study on fracture process of chromium nitride 30 steel by non-silencing technology. Go on. Mechanical behavior of materials-Ⅳ, Stockholm, Sweden, 1983: 8 1 1.
Wang Xu, Zhang Shouhua and Cui Peiyong. Effect of quenching temperature on contact fatigue properties of 86CrMoV7 steel. Steel, 1983, 18 (5): 43.
10 Zhang Shouhua, Zhang Hong, Yuan Yi. Deformation and fracture of microalloyed12 SIMOVNBSTELWITHGRANEALBEALTH microstructure continue. HSLA' 85, Beijing: 1985: 1 13.
1 1 Zhu Chen, Zhang Shouhua. Strain hardening characteristics of double alkaline steel. Go on. Microstructure mechanical behavior of materials, Xi An: 1985: 129.
Important contribution
In the early 1970s, WISCO introduced a one-meter seven-continuous mill from the Federal Republic of Germany and Japan, and 1978 was completed and put into operation in the second half of the year. At that time, the rolls of this continuous rolling mill were all imported, which was not only expensive, but also affected by the changes in the international situation. Therefore, based on the domestic market, the production of large rollers has become a top priority. At the end of 1977, under the leadership of the Ministry of Metallurgy, Xingtai Metallurgical Machinery Roll Factory, Qiqihar Steel Plant, WISCO, Iron and Steel Research Institute of the Ministry of Metallurgy, Beigangyuan and Electromechanical Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry were established to participate in the "Work Roll Research Group of WISCO One Meter Seven Cold Rolling Plant". Zhang Shouhua is one of the technical leaders of the research group because of the urgent need of the country, and presided over the laboratory development stage of the proposed work roll for cold rolling. And the detection technology of roller. In this paper, a systematic and in-depth study was carried out, which provided a feasible technical scheme and reliable process parameters for the intermediate test of industrial production and an effective inspection method for ensuring product quality. 1980165438+1October, he personally participated in the trial rolling of the first pair of domestic rolls in WISCO one meter seven tandem cold mill, and the results showed that the roll performance was good. 1982, which was officially included in the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" national key scientific and technological projects. With the joint efforts of all the members of the research group, the task was successfully completed. 1986, the localization rate of this kind of roller reached 60%, saving about 5 million dollars in foreign exchange. 1990 not only reached the localization rate of 100%, but also reached the level of similar imported coils. Therefore, the project won the second prize of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry 1987 and the third prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award 1988. As the overall technical decision-maker, Zhang Shouhua played a key role in completing this task. Through this task, Zhang Shouhua has trained academic leaders in steel for large rolls and its heat treatment, cold and hot fatigue, contact fatigue, wear and fracture, and they are continuing to make new contributions to the localization of large rolls in Baosteel.
Achievements made
Develop new alloys
It is the basic policy for the development of metallurgical science and technology in China to develop new varieties of alloy steel in combination with China's resource conditions. In order to save strategic mineral resources of nickel and chromium, the traditional varieties of foreign nickel-chromium alloy steel cannot be used invariably. According to the resource conditions in China and the progress of foreign alloy steel series, it is an important direction to develop new varieties of Si-Mn and Si-Mn-Mo-V series alloy steel. However, in 1950s, there was little basic research on alloying at home and abroad. Seeing that the basic research work in this field is of strategic significance for developing new grades of silicon-manganese steel, Zhang Shouhua began to study the influence of silicon on tempering transformation of steel at 1956. The first experiment in China confirmed that silicon hindered the decomposition of martensite, delayed the transformation of carbide, slowed down the recovery and recrystallization of α phase, and made them appear in a higher tempering temperature range. Therefore, when silicon steel is tempered at low temperature, it is possible to form tempered martensite structure with high strength and good toughness. This result provides the silicon action mechanism for the rocket shell steel (32SiMnMoV) used in China's first artificial satellite in the future, and promotes the successful development of this shell steel.
Starting from 1958, Zhang Shouhua personally led the research group of ultra-high strength structural steel with young teachers as the backbone, and made a comprehensive study on the mechanical properties of quenched and tempered ultra-high strength structural steel in seven systems, including C.SiMn, SiMnMo, SiMnMoV, CrMnMo and SiMnCrMoV, with the carbon content ranging from 0.33% to 0.63%. The quantitative relationship between the strength limit of quenched low-temperature tempered martensite steel and the carbon content in α phase is put forward for the first time, and the beneficial effect of silicon on strengthening and toughening of tempered martensite steel is confirmed again. It is pointed out that Si-Mn-Mo-V system tempered martensite has the best comprehensive properties of strength and toughness. The above research results provide a good foundation for the research group to undertake the research task of ultra-high strength steel issued by the commission of science, technology and industry for national defense. Later, under the guidance of Yang Rang, the research group developed 32SiMnMoV ultra-high strength structural steel, which was successfully applied to the launch rocket shell materials of Dongfanghong-1 and Jianbing-1 recoverable satellites in China. Therefore, it won the third prize of 1979 National Major Technological Improvement Award.
Academic leaders
With the development of China's economy, the requirements for the variety and quality of low-alloy high-strength steel are getting higher and higher, with a large number and a wide range. In recent 20 years, the research and application of high strength low alloy steel abroad have developed rapidly. Standing at the forefront of this field, Zhang Shouhua has played an important role as an academic leader in a wide range of fields such as stamped dual-phase steel (coil) and non-stamped dual-phase steel (bar, wire, pipe, steel wire and steel bar, etc.). ), interstitial-free atomic deep drawing steel plate (IF steel) and microalloyed non-quenched and tempered steel.
Dual-phase steel is a new type of low-alloy high-strength steel which rose in 1970s. Named for its metallographic structure (ferrite plus martensite), it is a new type of low-alloy high-strength steel with good cold deformation processing strengthening ability (cold stamping, cold heading, cold extrusion, cold drawing, cold rolling, etc.). ) and high-level comprehensive mechanical properties.
The international energy crisis in 1970s became the socio-economic driving force to promote the research and development of dual-phase steel. In order to reduce the fuel consumption of automobile, it is necessary to reduce the self-weight of automobile and improve the strength of automobile stamping steel plate. However, the traditional low-alloy high-strength steel with ferrite and pearlite as metallographic structure features, after increasing the strength, the plasticity decreases and the deep drawing performance deteriorates obviously. However, dual-phase steel still has good cold stamping formability at high strength level. Therefore, the development of dual-phase steel has been highly valued by the world automobile industry. By the 1980s, small quantities of dual-phase steel coils had been produced and applied, and it was extended to the research of non-punched dual-phase steel.
In the early 1980s, Zhang Shouhua suggested that the development and application research of dual-phase steel should be included in the national key projects of the Sixth Five-Year Plan, and began to organize the research of dual-phase steel. With the joint efforts of him and other alloy steel experts, stamped dual-phase steel (coil) and non-stamped dual-phase steel (pipe, wire, steel wire and steel bar) were respectively included in the national "Seventh Five-Year Plan" key research projects. He is the head of the project "Research on Development and Application of Non-punching Dual-phase Steel". This special achievement won the second prize of 199 1 Ministry of Metallurgical Industry for scientific and technological achievements, the gold medal of the 6th National Invention Exhibition and the special prize of "Sanqin Cup".
Educational achievements
Be well received
Zhang Shouhua was a member of the 1952 Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel 14 Preparatory Committee. He was the first director of the Department of Metallography and Heat Treatment (now renamed the Department of Materials Science and Engineering). Until 1984, he continued to serve as the director of the academic Committee and degree Committee of the department. As the chief administrative and academic director of the department, he has played an important role in the construction and development of teaching and scientific research, especially in opening up new fields of disciplines and cultivating academic leaders. In the teaching work, Zhang Shouhua insists on teaching and educating people, and is strict with himself with the teaching style of "strict requirements, focusing on guidance, being diligent and setting an example". He prepares lessons carefully. His lecture language is concise, clear and thorough, and his blackboard writing is neat, which is deeply loved by students.
Teaching material construction
Zhang Shouhua attaches great importance to the construction of teaching materials. In the 1950s, most of our specialized courses borrowed from the textbooks of the former Soviet Union. With the development of teaching and scientific research practice, China's Ministry of Higher Education has put forward the task of compiling teaching materials on the basis of digesting foreign teaching materials and combining China's national conditions. As the head of the department, Zhang Shouhua not only actively organized and led the compilation of teaching materials in his department, but also personally edited the first textbook with China characteristics, Metal Heat Treatment (published by China Industry Press 196 1). In the new period of China's reform and opening up, I personally edited the textbook Alloy Steel (published by Metallurgical Industry Press 198 1). These two textbooks are closely combined with the reality of China, with novel and substantial contents, simple theory, clear organization and fluent writing, which are well received by teachers and students.
Strict requirements
Cultivating graduate students is another major teaching work of Zhang Shouhua. He is very strict with graduate students, pays attention to inspiration and guidance, and gives full play to their subjective initiative and creativity. Thirty-five graduate students (including 8 doctors) have been trained, and they have made achievements in their jobs and become technical backbones. In order to promote the scientific research and discipline development of the whole department, his scientific research work not only includes the study of alloy solid phase transformation, the development of new steel grades and varieties of alloy steel and low alloy steel, but also trains doctoral students in new fields such as intermetallic compounds, magnetron sputtering deposition of ODS-type high-temperature protective coating, freezing solidification technology, powder superalloy and high-temperature mechanical properties, which has contributed to accelerating the research and development of new alloys in the high-tech field of materials discipline of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel. In order to train young and middle-aged teachers, Zhang Shouhua boldly pushed them to the front line of teaching. His strict requirements and personal control not only promoted the continuous growth of young and middle-aged teachers and the stable transition of the teaching echelon, but also ensured the teaching quality. In scientific research, on the basis of his own development, he let young and middle-aged teachers be project leaders, shoulder heavy burdens and be independent, so that they can be tempered in their work, grow rapidly and gradually become academic leaders. In 1980s, most of the academic leaders in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of University of Science and Technology Beijing were trained by Zhang Shouhua. As early as the fifties and sixties, the departments of Metallography and Heat Treatment and Technology of Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel were one of the few metal materials and heat treatment majors in China that were founded earlier and had strong teachers (there were famous professors such as Ke Jun, Xiao Jimei, Zhang Shouhua, Zhang Xingyuan, Zhao Xilin and Fangzheng Zhi at that time). Therefore, every year, many senior teachers from other engineering colleges in China are accepted, and these teachers later become the academic leaders of their major.
There are students everywhere; There are students all over the country [the world].
For more than 40 years, Zhang Shouhua has worked hard to cultivate talents. Now, peaches and plums are everywhere, and gardeners are indispensable. At present, the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of University of Science and Technology Beijing has developed into a national advanced department with the overall level indicators of teaching and scientific research in universities such as the right to award doctoral degrees, national key disciplines and postdoctoral mobile stations (in the first national postgraduate quality evaluation in 1987, both master's degrees and doctoral degrees won the first place, In 1989, it was awarded the title of "advanced scientific research group" jointly by the State Education Commission and the State Science. Apart from the leadership of the superior, the collective leadership of the department and the joint efforts of all the teaching staff, these achievements can not be achieved without the hard work of Shou Hua as the department head and academic leader for a long time.
Personality assessment
Zhang Shouhua is rigorous and meticulous in his studies; Honest and simple, seeking truth from facts. He firmly believes that only China can lead the people of the whole country to realize the socialist modernization of the motherland. During the Cultural Revolution, although Zhang Shouhua suffered a lot, his belief in the Party remained unchanged. Especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he has been highly effective and played an important role as an old teacher and expert.