Yuan Longping/Kloc-0 graduated from Southwest Agricultural College (now Southwest University) in 1953, and was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering in 1995. 1999 An asteroid discovered by Schmidt CCD Asteroid Project Team of Beijing Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences was named Yuan Longping Star, which won the highest national science and technology award in 2000 and the Wolf Agricultural Award in 2004. In April 2006, he was elected as a foreign academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, received an honorary doctorate from Macau University of Science and Technology on 20 10, and was elected as the first member of China Invention Association on 20 18.
On September 8, 20 18, he won the life science award of "Future Science Award"; 20 18, 12, 18 The CPC Central Committee and the State Council awarded Yuan Longping the title of reform pioneer, awarded the reform pioneer medal, and was awarded the pioneer of hybrid rice research. 20 19, 17, Yuan Longping was awarded the "Republic Medal".
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Yuan Longping's main contribution
1, Yuan Longping took the lead in the research on the utilization of rice heterosis in China. In his first paper, Rice Male Sterility, he proposed: "If you want to take advantage of rice heterosis, you must first take advantage of male sterility". His theory and research practice are a challenge to the classical genetic theory, denying the traditional view that "self-pollinated crops have no heterosis" and greatly enriching the theory and technology of crop genetics and breeding.
2. Yuan Longping solved three difficult problems in the research of three-line hybrid rice.
Firstly, the technical scheme of "distant hybridization between wild rice and cultivated rice" was put forward, and finally an effective way to cultivate male sterile lines was found. 1973 realized the "three lines" of sterile line, maintainer line and restorer line.
Second, a number of combinations such as "Nanyou No.2", a hybrid rice with strong advantages, were bred and widely used in production, becoming the first scientist in the world to successfully utilize the heterosis of rice.
The third is to break through the seed production barrier. According to previous studies, the outcrossing rate of rice is only 2.4%, and the seed yield of hybrid generation is extremely low, which is far from meeting the production requirements. The International Rice Research Institute started research on 197 1 and gave up on 1973, because no one in the institute believed that it could solve the problem of seed production at that time. The research group led by Yuan Longping successfully solved this problem, and the seed yield gradually increased, and now the yield per mu has reached more than 300 kilograms.
3. Yuan Longping put forward the development strategy of hybrid rice breeding, that is, from three lines to two lines and then to one line, the procedure is more and more simple and the efficiency is higher and higher; At the level of heterosis, from varieties to subspecies to the utilization of distant heterosis, heterosis is getting stronger and stronger, which pushes hybrid rice to a new level step by step. This idea has been adopted by colleagues at home and abroad and has become the guiding ideology for developing hybrid rice breeding.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuan Longping