Confucius (September 28th BC1year-April BC1year), surnamed Kong, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong) and his ancestral home was Li Yi (now Xiayi, Henan), an ancient thinker and educator in China.
Confucius initiated the wind of private schools and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. There are 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. He led some disciples to travel around the world for thirteen years, and revised the six classics of Poetry, Book, Rite, Yue, Yijing and Chunqiu in his later years.
After the death of Confucius, his disciples and re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled The Analects. This book is regarded as a Confucian classic. ?
Confucius was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time. When he was alive, he was honored as "the sage of heaven" and "the muduo of heaven", and even as the sage of Confucius, the most holy teacher, the master of Wang Xuan and the teacher of all ages by later rulers.
His thoughts have a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and he is listed as the first of the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". With the expansion of Confucius' influence, "Confucius Sacrifice Ceremony" once became a "big sacrifice" at the same level as China's ancestor worship.
2. Du Fu
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, he moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. ?
In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
As a teenager, Du Fu traveled to wuyue and Zhao Qi successively, during which he also visited Luoyang. After thirty-five, I came first and last in Chang 'an. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. The frustration of officialdom witnessed the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class in the Tang Dynasty.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Tongguan fell, and Du Fu moved to many places. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the whole life and the affairs of the country.
He created famous works such as Up the Mountain, Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. There are about 65,438+0,500 existing poems by Du Fu, most of which are collected in Du Gongbu Collection.
In the winter of the fifth year of Dali (770), Du Fu died at the age of 59. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
3. Liu Bei
Liu Bei (161-June10,223), namely Emperor Zhaolie of the Han Dynasty (reigned 22 1-223), was born in Zhuoxian County (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province) at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Liu Sheng, King of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty, and during the Three Kingdoms Period. Historians usually call it the late master.
When Liu Bei was a teenager, he worshipped Lu Zhi as a teacher, and later participated in activities such as suppressing the Yellow Scarf Uprising and punishing Dong Zhuo. Because of his limited strength, Liu Bei suffered repeated failures in the scuffle among princes, so he attached himself to Gongsun Zan, Tao Qian, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and other princes.
However, because he always adhered to the code of conduct of serving people with virtue, he was respected by celebrities at home and abroad. Even Tao Qian and Liu Biao gave up letting their sons inherit the inheritance, but chose to hand over their territories Xuzhou and Jingzhou to Liu Bei.
After unremitting efforts, after Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei successively won Jingzhou and Yizhou, and established the Shu-Han regime. Later, because Guan Yu was persecuted, Liu Bei refused to listen to the advice of his ministers and insisted on fighting Wu. The result was defeated by Yiling, and finally Zhangwu died in Baidicheng in 223. At the age of 63, posthumous title Zhaolie was buried in Huiling.
Liu Bei Hongyi is generous, understanding and persevering. His behavior entrusted to Zhuge Liang by the whole country during his lifetime was regarded by Chen Shouzan as the prosperous track of ancient and modern times, and many literary and artistic works in later generations also featured Liu Bei. Chengdu Wuhou Temple commemorates Zhaolie Temple.
4. Han Xin
Han Xin (about 23 BC1-BC 196), Han nationality, was born in Huaiyin (now Huai 'an District, Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province).
The hero of the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, a strategist, one of the four sages of military strategists, one of three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty, and the representative of China's military thought "Tactical Strategist", was honored as "a soldier fairy" and "a handsome god" by later generations.
At the end of Qin Dynasty, he took part in the anti-Qin struggle and defected to Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu, but he was not appointed. He joined Liu Bang, was recommended, worshipped the Soviet Union, and was guaranteed as a general by Xiao He, making Hanzhong countermeasures for Liu Bang.
After Liu Bangbing defeated Pengcheng, Han Xin first broke the Chu army between Beijing and Suo, and then pacified Wei. Liu Bang begged the Northern Expedition to win the country, accepted his elite troops, finally defeated Zhao, and sent people to surrender to Yan.
Support Liu Bang, clear the Chu Qi soldiers sent by Xiang Yu to Zhao, and pacify the remaining Zhao Zhucheng. After Gao Liu defeated his elite troops, he was ordered to attack the State of Qi, and destroyed twenty Wan Chu armies of Longyou in Weishui.
Han Xin attacked Chu, and Xiang Yu signed the Gulf Agreement with Liu Bang. Liu Bang listened to Sean and Chen Ping's plan, tore up the gap agreement and did not pursue Xiang Yu.
In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, he sent troops to station troops and besieged the Chu army. After Xiang Yu's death, he was relieved of his military power and moved to the king of Chu, but he was falsely named Huaiyin Hou. Lv Hou and Xiao He conspired to trap and kill the three clans in Changle Palace.
"The national scholar is unparalleled" and "meritorious service is the best in the world, slightly out of the world" is the evaluation of people at the time of Chu and Han Dynasties. As commander-in-chief, he captured Wei, replaced it, defeated Zhao, threatened Yan, attacked Qi in the east and destroyed Chu in the south, and became famous all over the world, which had a great impact on the world. As a military theorist, he combined with Sean to sort out Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Tzu's Preface, and wrote three pieces of Han Xin's Art of War.
5. Guan Hanqing
Guan Hanqing (formerly1234-about 1300), whose real name is unknown, whose real name is Zhai (also known as Zhai Zuo), was born in Xiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), but also in Dadu (now Beijing) and (now anguo city, Hebei).
The founder of Yuan Zaju, the first of the "Four Masters of Yuan Qu", is also called "Four Masters of Yuan Qu" with Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu.
Zaju achieved the greatest success, with 67 pieces, including 18 pieces (whether individual works were written by him is inconclusive), and Yuan is the most famous.
Guan Hanqing also wrote many historical dramas, such as Single Knife Meeting, Single Whip for Focus, Dream of West Shu and so on. Today, there are more than 40 poems and 10 sets of Sanqu.
Guan Hanqing's image of "I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, boiled, fried or fried" ("A flower is not old") is also widely known as "Qu Sheng".
Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius
Baidu Encyclopedia-Du Fu
Baidu encyclopedia-Liu Bei
Baidu Encyclopedia-Han Xin
Baidu Encyclopedia-Guan Hanqing