Antique collection knowledge 1. What is an antique?
Antiques are things left over by the ancients, generally referring to objects left behind in society or buried underground and found to be valuable to literati. Old name? Gu Dong? . Some people think that bone dong is the essence of ancient heritage, just like the bones left after meat rots. Dong knows the essence of ancient artifacts. There is also a saying that Gu Dong is? Bronze? Ancient bronzes are often representative artifacts in cultural relics. In the Ming dynasty, books were called bones or antiques because? Ancient times? And then what? Bones? It's a homonym, but it's actually a misnomer, but since modern times, these two names have been widely recognized, and the antiquities left over from ancient times are collectively referred to as cultural relics; ? Antiques? It is a title that appeared during the reign of Qing Qianlong, and it is still in use today.
Second, which items belong to the category of antiques?
According to the types of today's antique collections, there are pottery, purple sand, portrait bricks, porcelain, jade, jewelry, classical furniture, bamboo and wood horn vessels, stationery, seals, bronzes, bronze mirrors, ancient coins, gilded Buddha statues, vessels, stone statues, Buddha rubs, Thangka and silk reeling.
Third, how to distinguish? Cultural relics? And then what? Antiques?
Cultural relics include movable and immovable. Specifically, movable objects can be divided into stone tools, bone implements, dental implements, jade articles, ceramics, bronzes, ironware, wood products, calligraphy and painting, books, weaving villages and other miscellaneous items. Immovable can be divided into ancient buildings, ancient cultural sites, ancient tombs, ancient kiln sites, ancient workshops, ancient battlefields, cliff stone carvings, rock paintings, sculptures and so on. In addition, some items with special value are also included in the scope of cultural relics protection, although the historical period is not far away, such as? Cultural relics of the People's Liberation Army? 、 ? Cultural relics of the Red Army's Long March? 、 ? Cultural relics of revolutionary martyrs? And then what? ""cultural relics? Wait a minute. In a word, all cultural relics and relics with historical, scientific, artistic and commemorative value belong to cultural relics, while antiques only refer to the movable part of cultural relics and are part of cultural relics.
4. What kind of industry is antique shop?
Antique industry is a highly knowledgeable and professional cultural industry. People who set foot in this industry must have rich historical knowledge, and must deal with a large number of antique objects through years of collection practice, especially through the circulation process of buying and selling, in order to gradually master and understand antiques. In history, there are only royalty, powerful people and people with certain economic strength? Upper class? An elegant person in China is qualified for this. Now with the development of economy, more and more people join the antique industry, and the antique industry is gradually becoming civilian.
5. How did the antique industry rise?
The prosperity of antique industry is closely related to the development of antique market. When did the name of the antique market begin? There is no way to prove it. According to the testable notes, it began to rise in the middle of Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, its development was more prosperous and it also had a certain social status. There are three kinds of antique dealers in Beijing: stalls, hanging stalls and antique shops. Stalls and hanging beaches are not antique franchise stores. Antique shops here generally refer to specialized antique shops or antique shops.
6. What is the Antique Chamber of Commerce? When did it originate?
During the Republic of China, there was a special antique chamber of commerce in the antique industry, which was elected once a year. Both the president and the vice president have high vision, certain organizational ability and mass base. Its main work is to maintain the reputation of the industry, deal with external and internal business disputes, protect the rights and interests of members, convene internal exchange activities, and bid for antiques that are willing to be made public. Those who collude inside and outside the Chamber of Commerce to dig ancestral graves can be removed from their names. Those who violate the regulations and practices can suspend their membership and publicly announce that other members will no longer communicate and trade with them. Because the Chamber of Commerce can protect the interests of operators and have the ability to stop bad styles in the industry, it has won the support and support of its members. There are still antique chambers of commerce in the antique industry.
7. What rules should be followed in antique trade?
Antique industry is a special industry, and corresponding regulations have been formulated according to its operating characteristics. First, there are no return rules. Antique industry is an industry that trades with knowledge and vision. Generally, there is no return rule for buying genuine and fake goods. Second, avoid onlookers when trading. When a store has customers and deals with the owner, others should temporarily avoid it. Third, you can't rush to buy or sell. In the process of purchasing goods, when the buyer bargains with the seller, the third party cannot intervene. Fourth, seek truth from facts about the claim. If the buyer damages the goods, he must pay compensation. The amount should be negotiated according to the basic market price. Fifth, avoid false comments on the same industry. After the buyer buys the goods, the Kita store should not make any comments on it. Sixth, keep it strictly confidential. All kinds of information about goods, prices, authenticity and merchants between peers are confidential. Seventh, the definition of foreign banks. Anyone who doesn't deal with experts and doesn't understand the basic jargon of the industry is regarded as a layman. Eighth, entrusted transactions are more flexible. Shall not interfere with the sale of goods by entrusted intermediaries. Share risks and win-win cooperation. I agree that I have a good relationship with collectors. Ten is to value good reputation. If a businessman is trustworthy, knowledgeable and discerning, people in the industry are willing to deal with him.
8. What is the charm of antiques to attract many collectors?
First of all, antiques reflect the profoundness of China culture. Take porcelain as an example, its production, whether it is material selection, modeling, painting and firing, embodies the wisdom of our ancestors.
Second, the real antique world is very attractive. In the antique market, the authenticity of antiques always challenges buyers' eyesight.
Third, preserve and increase value. Antiques, besides being appreciated by people, also have an important function, that is, preserving and increasing value. Fourth, reflect the value. People think that collecting antiques in daily life will improve their taste and interest in life.
9. What is a collection?
Harvest means harvest and gathering. Hiding means hiding and storing. ? Collection? The word itself can have two meanings, one is gathering and storing, which refers to an activity; The other meaning refers to collection, which is collection. Ancient people often collect antiques for a variety of purposes: to entertain themselves; Or to collect money; Or use it to pay bribes; Or as an emergency measure. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, not only officials, but also literati were no exception, and most of them were enthusiastic antique collectors.
X. When did the collection consciousness come into being and how did it develop?
In China, the germination of collection consciousness existed as early as the primitive society, but the real antique collection flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties, Ming and Qing Dynasties and originated in the contemporary era. The collection of ancient artifacts in Tang Dynasty and Ming Dynasty and the clues of my own opinions. The Song Dynasty was the first peak in China's collection history. At this time, there are many kinds of collections, both official and folk, which have reached an unprecedented level. From Hui Zong's obsession with calligraphy and painting to Zhao Mingcheng's infatuation with The Story of the Stone, all show the literati's delicacy in tasting antiques. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the style of Tang and Song Dynasties was restored, and the official court's collection of epigraphy, porcelain jade and calligraphy and painting of the previous generation led to an unprecedented upsurge of folk collection. At the beginning of the 20th century, the antique industry once flourished again, and now it has become a hot investment spot after real estate and stocks, and its collection scope and scale are even worse than those of the previous dynasties.
XI。 What are the requirements for getting involved in antique collection?
A must for antique collectors? Five? . Knowledgeable and novice collectors should listen to experts' opinions, study relevant materials, and thoroughly understand, appreciate and identify the age, material, craft, genre and authenticity of antiques. When you are free, collecting antiques depends on accumulating over time, and every little makes a mickle, eventually forming a personal collection style. Therefore, collectors must have enough time and learn to arrange their time reasonably. There's another one. But, as the saying goes, antiques are priceless? Antiques that preserve and increase value are mostly treasures, and their prices are on the high side. This requires Tibetans to have a sense of advance and have enough courage; When you meet treasure, you must have courage. Fate, an antique treasure that people can't put down, is often hard to find; Therefore, collectors must be good at grasping the opportunity, make more friends with stall owners in the antique market, and keep abreast of market conditions. Most wealthy working-class collectors have limited funds. Why not set aside a fixed sum of money every month, accumulate over time, and constantly improve the grade and success rate of the collection? Raise Tibet with Tibet? Way, ready to accept the era of elite elimination, become no money? Rich? .
Twelve, how to choose the collection object?
First, collect animals. If the motive of collection is mainly commercial investment, then collectors can choose those items with high economic value or potential economic benefits as collection objects, and achieve their collection purposes by collecting and cleaning these items at a certain price. The second is financial resources. Collecting is an expensive activity. Without a certain economic strength, some collections are difficult to last. The third is energy, time and physical condition. Collection needs abundant energy, healthy body, strong will and adventurous spirit. The fourth is to collect interest. Interest in collection is the internal motivation of collection. Choosing my own collection objects should also start from my hobbies.
First, underground cultural relics and unearthed cultural relics belong to the state. Second, among immovable cultural relics, ancient cultural sites, ancient tombs and cave temples all belong to the state. Third, cultural state-owned cultural relics collection units and other state organs, some state-owned enterprises and institutions raise funds for collection and custody. The fourth is the culture collected and acquired by the state and the cultural relics donated by citizens, legal persons and other organizations to the state. Collection refers to the behavior that the state, as a special civil subject, purchases and collects cultural relics handed down from ancient or modern times from citizens, legal persons or other organizations. Purchase refers to a form that the state, as a general civil subject, obtains the ownership of cultural relics by paying a certain price to the seller. The difference between solicitation and purchase is that purchase is negotiated by value and paid by price; Instigation is a kind of monetary reward or other forms of compensation given by the state.
Thirteen, collective or private ownership of cultural relics refers to what?
Among movable cultural relics, only ancestral cultural relics and legally acquired cultural relics can be owned by collectives or private individuals. Unearthed cultural relics and cultural relics collected by the state are not collectively owned or privately owned. Ancestral cultural relics used to be called handed down cultural relics, which refer to cultural relics that continue to be owned by individuals or passed on to their heirs after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) 1949+00+ 1 year. ? Other cultural relics obtained according to law? Refers to the cultural relics obtained by the way stipulated in the Cultural Relics Law. For example, cultural relics donated or bequeathed according to law, cultural relics purchased from cultural relics shops or auction enterprises that operate cultural relics auctions according to law, and cultural relics legally owned by individuals exchanged with others.
The purpose of antique appraisal The basic purpose of antique appraisal is to distinguish authenticity, judge the age, origin and quality, reveal the connotation and value of antiques in past dynasties, and study the history of human material culture and social development from one side. At the same time, it also plays a role in protecting the cultural relics of the motherland and improving people's artistic accomplishment, thus making it play an active role in modern human society.
The contents of antique appraisal are 1. Identification: that is, to identify whether this antique is genuine or an imitation or fake of future generations. This is the first step in the appraisal work. Antique pastel character bottle.
, is also a key step. Like a belt? Qing Kangxi year system? The porcelain in 2000 should be carefully identified whether it was made during the Kangxi period or a fake made later.
2. Dating: that is, identifying the era of antique making. Longquan kiln porcelain, for example, was produced in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. It is necessary to distinguish between the products of the Song Dynasty and the products of the Ming and Yuan Dynasties.
3. Broken kiln mouth: that is, identify the origin of antiques and products belonging to a kiln mouth. For example, a printed celadon should be identified as Yaozhou kiln, Linru kiln or other kilns.