Cao Yin has a good literary accomplishment. He is a famous bibliophile and sculptor. He works in both poetry and drama. Cao Xueqin was born in Nanjing and lived a prosperous life in his youth. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Cao Xueqin's father Cao was accused of "dereliction of duty", "harassing a post station" and "losing money" and was dismissed. The following year, the Cao family moved back to Beijing from Nanjing. Around the first year of Qianlong (1736), Caojiajia Road recovered slightly, but it soon declined completely. In his later years, he lived in the western suburbs of Beijing, living in poverty and relying on friends to help him sell paintings for a living. He is uninhibited, likes drinking, versatile and good at painting. "The poetic style is strange", and the poetic style is close to the Tang Dynasty poet Li He. He is strong-willed, aloof and unyielding, and hates evil. In a poor and difficult environment, he "read a book for ten years, adding and deleting it five times" and insisted on writing the novel A Dream of Red Mansions. After his death, he left the first 80 manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions (which had been copied before his death), and there may be some residual manuscripts after 80, but they have been lost and failed to circulate. Forty times after this biography, it is generally considered as a continuation of Gao E.
Brief introduction of Zheng Banqiao's life
Celebrity name: Zheng Banqiao
Date of birth: 1693- 1765
Celebrity title: one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou"
Celebrity Country: China (Qing Dynasty)
Related introduction:
Zheng Xie was born in 1693 and died in 1765. He was a scholar in Kangxi, a juren in Yongzheng and a scholar in Qianlong. He lives in Yangzhou and sells paintings for a living. As one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", his poems, books and paintings are praised as "three wonders" and he is good at painting Zhu Lan.
Zheng Banqiao's ancestors, three generations are literati, great-grandfather, Xiang was born; Grandfather Qing, a high-ranking Confucian official, father, Ang Lee, and Lin Zexu were born.
Gui You, 1693, Kangxi was born in Gubanqiao, Dongmen, Xinghua on October 25th. At the age of 4, Mrs. Wang died; My 5-year-old father followed Mrs. Juhao. 14 years old, my stepmother, Mrs. Hao, passed away. About 2000 years ago, when I was young, I studied in Maojiaqiao, Zhou Zhen. At the age of 20, I wrote a poem by Mr. Lu Zhongyuan, a predecessor of Xinghua. At the age of 23, he married Xu, a Zhouyi native. At the age of 24, he was a scholar and began to teach at the age of 26. Li Zhengan, a 30-year-old father, died. 365,438+0 years old, selling paintings in Yangzhou this year, about ten years. His son also died in this year or so. 39 years old, 173 1 year old, 9 years old, his wife Xu died. 40-year-old, 1732, who had been in Yongzheng for ten years, went to Nanjing in the autumn to take the provincial examination and was named "Denan Yin Weijie". At the age of 43, in February, he was engaged to Rao Wu in the northern suburb of Yangzhou, named "Xijiangyue".
44-year-old, 1736 Chen Bing, from February to March of the first year of Qianlong, went to Beijing to take the exam, and was the 88th Jinshi of China Erjia. Forty-five-year-old, a pawn of nursing fee, recovered from Cheng's support, Nora's. 50-year-old, 1742, Ren Xuren, worked for seven years, was appointed as the county magistrate of Fan County in the spring, and also served as the county magistrate in the summer. My 52-year-old concubine has a baby. At the age of 54, he changed from Fan County to Wei County and was re-elected for seven years. At the end of 60, he was dismissed as a county magistrate.
At the age of 63, he and Li He made Three Friends.
73-year-old, wrote "Bamboo Stone Map" in April, and "Xiuzhu Niigata Map" on May 3. 1765 (thirty years of Qianlong) died of illness in Qingyuan, xinghua city, on December 12, 1998, leaving no children. Adopted by his son Zheng Tian, he was buried in Ruanzhuang (now Ruancun, Daduo Town) in the east of the city.
Banqiao's "Living in Idleness" says: "Jing's wife rubs the inkstone and grinds new ink, while weak women learn regular script with stationery". Legend has it that Banqiao studied books, mistakenly referring to respectful practice on Xu at night. Xu said, "Everyone has his own body." This sentence touched Banqiao, so he learned half from ancient books and left half, and founded "Six Books and a Half".
According to Seven Songs, at the age of 30, Xu gave birth to two girls and one son, and another girl.
Nalan Xingde (1655—— 1685), a poet in the Qing Dynasty, was originally named Chengde, avoiding the prince, so that he would not become taboo and change his morality; Word Rong Ruo,No. Lengga Mountain people. Zheng Huang Qi Manchu, the eldest son of college student Pearl, grew up in Beijing. Young and eager to learn, a hundred schools of thought contend and know everything, familiar with traditional academic culture, especially good at lyrics. In the fifteenth year of Kangxi (1676), he was a scholar, and was awarded the third-class bodyguard of Gan Qingmen, and later moved to the first class. He traveled north and south with his entourage, and sent envoys to Sauron (Heilongjiang River Basin) to inspect the Russian invasion of northeast China. Kangxi died of a sudden illness in twenty-four years, at the age of thirty-one. After his death, Nalan Xingde was buried in Zaojiatun, Shangzhuang, Haidian District, Beijing.
Nalan Xingde was a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty, and he was also called "the three outstanding poets in Qing Dynasty" with Zhu Yizun and Chen Weisong.
Nalan Xingde was born in the famous family of Tian Huang, the prime minister's mansion, and the eldest son of Pearl, a university student in Wuyingdian. Young, smart, all-round in civil and military affairs. In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), he was twenty-two years old and the seventh in palace examination. Give him a Jinshi origin, a third-class bodyguard, followed by a first-class bodyguard.
He married Lu, the daughter of Lu Xingzu, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, gave gifts to Shu people, and later married a wife. After three years of marriage, his wife died. He married an official and gave a gift to Shu people. His concubine Yan, who was later a talented woman in the south of the Yangtze River, wrote "Choose Dreams".
Most of Nalan Xingde's friends in his life are Han literati in cloth, such as Zhu Yizun, Gu Zhenguan, Jiang, Yan and so on. His residence in Lushuige was often an elegant gathering place for him and his friends, which virtually netted a group of Han intellectuals for the Qing government in the prosperous period of Kangxi.
Although Nalan Xingde's life is short, his works are quite abundant: 20 volumes of Tong Ji (including Fu 1 volume, 4 volumes of Poems, 3 volumes of Preface, 2 volumes of Wen, and 4 volumes of Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushui Pavilion) and Brief; Set "Yi Ji Yan" 80 volumes, "Chen Liji" 38 volumes; Edited and selected books such as Early Collection of Modern Style Words, Notes of Famous Jueju Poems, Selected Works of All Tang Poems, etc. And these are mostly done after his pommel horse retinue, and the brushwork is amazing.
The main achievement of Nalan Xingde lies in Ci. There are 348 existing words, which are published as the collection of "Side Hat" and "Drinking Water", later called "Nalan Ci". Their style is fresh and beautiful, sad and stubborn, with the legacy of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Nalan Xingde is a noble child of Judy's Red Chamber. He is brilliant and sentimental, and his temperament is deeply influenced by China literati. Although I have the ambition to actively use the world, I yearn for a warm, comfortable and elegant life. The monotonous and restrictive duties of the guard are far from his mood, which makes him lose his ambition and interest in "meritorious service" and "virtue" The dirty inside story of the struggle of the upper-class political parties also made him afraid to back down. The contradiction between the poet's temperament and his life situation is the fundamental reason for his tragic character of haggard, sadness and endless sorrow. Long driving trips also ruined his family life. The combination of professional depression and parting sadness, coupled with the blow of the death of his beloved wife, made him fall into deep pain.
He couldn't blame others, so he poured endless bitterness into his pen and condensed it into a sad and stubborn poem. The basic content of Nalan's ci is the pain of long-term defense, the pain of injury and death, and the unspeakable melancholy. Nalan Xingde made up for the narrow theme with his outstanding artistic skills. His words all rely on the word "truth" to win, with true feelings, "pure and willful, spotless" (Kuang Zhouyi's "Hui Feng Hua Ci"). The writing is sincere and powerful, the scenery is vivid and vivid, and it is expressed by superb sketching methods. It looks like unadorned natural beauty, and everything is so vivid and moving. Wang Guowei once said: "Nalan Xingde looks at things with the eyes of nature and expresses his feelings with the tongue of nature. This is because he entered the last wish first and did not contaminate the atmosphere of the Han people, so it can be true. " The so-called "not influenced by Chinese culture" means that he can freely express his true feelings, and his artistic conception is natural, and there is no problem of imitation and allusions.
Chen Weisong, Zhu Yizun and other poets in the early Qing Dynasty did not get rid of the fetters of the ancients, but took the old environment of the predecessors as their own abilities. There are always famous sayings and sentences in front, so no matter how good a work is, it is inevitable that it will have the shadow of the famous works of the former sages and cannot surpass the ancients. It's not that they don't want to create a new image. They are limited by their thinking habits and their talents, which makes them look for a word for life. However, with keen observation, fresh feeling and high language generalization, Nalan Xingde opened up a new realm and showed extraordinary artistic creativity.
He is good at using his mind's eye, looking directly at the scene in front of him, directly expressing his feelings, truly and accurately conveying the scene that everyone can see and everyone can't say, and creating a brand-new inhuman artistic conception. His famous phrases "A thousand lights a night" and "Ice melts into the river" are as spectacular as "The bright moon shines on the snow" and "The long river sets the yen". His sad writing often seems casual, but it doesn't make people feel straightforward. He fused and expanded his personal grief into a universal expression of human nature, which resonated with readers and had a unique aesthetic personality and strong appeal. For 300 years, especially in the last 100 years, he has the most readers and the greatest influence. He is also one of the most outstanding ancient poets in China.
The character of Nalan Xingde is also commendable. He is good friends with many frustrated Han literati and gives them sincere help. At the request of Gu Zhenguan Qing, he saved Wu Zhaoqian from entering the customs, and "funeral for the dead" is even more legendary.