With the end of the Wuhan Battle, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression entered the "strategic stalemate stage", the Kuomintang gained a relatively stable situation, and the anti-communist die-hards began to stir up trouble again.
1June, 939, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Kuomintang was held. One of the themes of the meeting was to establish the anti-communist policy of "dissolving the Communist Party, preventing the Communist Party and restricting the Communist Party" and to formulate measures to restrict the activities of different parties. This policy was interpreted by Chiang Kai-shek in his speech at the meeting as "it is intolerable to be strict-to manage-to teach-to protect-to dissolve communist party now". Jiang's vacillation about Kuomintang-Communist cooperation against Japan began to be superficial. Since then, the Kuomintang has promulgated a series of anti-communist documents, such as "June 1939 Measures for Dealing with Communist Issues", which spread anti-communist public opinion and caused many anti-communist frictions and tragedies. And in fact, in the summer of 1938, the friction has already begun.
(A) around the Eighth Route Army against the "friction."
From the summer of 1938 to the autumn of 1939, the Kuomintang die-hards created many frictions and tragedies in North China, Shandong, Shaanxi and other places. Shaanxi and Hu Zongnan departments created 150 anti-communist frictions, such as the "Xunyi Incident" that killed and injured the Eighth Route Army negotiators. Hebei, Shandong and Henan are the most serious, with two "friction experts" Zhang and Qin Qirong.
Comrade * * * said in September 1939, "Talk with three reporters of Central News Agency, Sweep Newspaper and Xinmin Newspaper": "Zhang, Qin Qirong are two experts in friction. Zhang is in Hebei and Qin Qirong is in Shandong. It's completely lawless, which is quite different from the behavior of traitors. They beat the enemy less and the Eighth Route Army more. There is a lot of conclusive evidence, such as Zhang ordering his men to attack the Eighth Route Army, which we have given to the generalissimo. " And announced that "people don't commit crimes against me, I don't commit crimes; If people attack me, I will attack them.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
1, the "friction" provoked by He Zhang in Hebei.
After the fall of Hebei Province, the Eighth Route Army mobilized the masses, launched riots, recovered large areas of territory, and established the anti-Japanese people/main regime. Then, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Lu as the chairman of Hebei Province, and our Eighth Route Army adopted a welcoming and cooperative attitude towards his appointment. Before taking office, when passing through the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in southeastern Shanxi, Mr. Peng also had a long talk with him, and it was agreed that the administrative districts of southern Hebei and central Hebei would be temporarily designated by the Eighth Route Army. When he went to Hebei, the Eighth Route Army also sent someone to escort him. However, unexpectedly, Lin Zhong changed his attitude as soon as he arrived in Hebei.
Only in the middle and late September, three incidents occurred, namely: 12, Wang Ziyao detained Shen Tiemin, the anti-Japanese county magistrate of Yaoshan County; 13, Zhang, commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Hebei People's Army, led an attack on our troops stationed in Boye and Anguo, and four comrades, including Song Zhenhuan, political commissar of the Second Division of Jizhong, and He Kunshan, secretary of the county party committee, died. On 30th, the armed road department of the rogue recruited by Lu colluded with the "Liulishe" and "Huangshashe" in Zaoqiang County, attacked the 1 company of our East Column stationed in Yaotun, killed 13 soldiers and snatched 17 rifles.
1938165438+1In mid-October, the Japanese troops stationed in Hebei launched a sweeping campaign against the base areas in southern Hebei while the Japanese troops in southern China were on their way back to their divisions. In view of the fact that the Japanese army mostly fought with cars and cavalry and had great mobility on the plains, our Eighth Route Army turned to the countryside to organize anti-mopping-up, and the party, government and army organs in southern Hebei also withdrew from Nangong with the troops. However, Lu also took this opportunity to say that when the Japanese army arrived, the southern Hebei Administrative Office disappeared, making it difficult for the people to handle affairs, so he ordered the cancellation of the office of the director of the southern Hebei Administrative Office, removing Yang Xiufeng from the post of director, and removing some elected commissioners and county heads. And immediately appointed a group of commissioners and county heads ... especially Zhang, director of the Civil Affairs Department of Hebei Province and commander-in-chief of the People's Army of Hebei Province, actively followed Lu to engage in anti-communist friction. He also stepped forward to appoint commissioners and county magistrates, ordering his county magistrates to ask for money from villages and households, which drove the people to complain. The Japanese puppet troops also took the opportunity to enter and start maintenance, and appointed the puppet county magistrate. ...
In a short time, the base areas opened by the Eighth Route Army were turned upside down.
* * * Focus on the overall situation, and make representations to Duke Lu with Peng, Liu Bocheng, * * * and others for many times. In May, 388, before the negotiations between Peng and Lu, Chiang Kai-shek also called Peng and asked Peng to "go there as soon as possible, talk with Rabe (Lu), meet sincerely, cooperate with each other and jointly annihilate the enemy". Regrettably, these efforts have not received a sincere response at all. In 1939, they even intensified the friction and killed the officers and men of the Eighth Route Army.
[Transferred from Tiexue Community/] 1 939 February1day, Lu even sent an official letter to 129 Division, which conveyed Chiang Kai-shek's order: "The Eighth Route Army' adjusted' it according to the following methods: First, local administrative power should be unified by local governments; Second, all troops and guerrillas in Lu Yu should be under the command of the commander-in-chief or commander-in-chief of the theater where they are located and absolutely obey orders. " Soon, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Shi Yousan and Pang Bingxun as deputy commanders of Jizhong Theater, and ordered Shi to "seize Jizhong Bureau by all means to deal with the Eighth Route Army". We can also see the change of Chiang Kai-shek's thought here.
Zhang, whose real name is Boye, Hebei. After graduating from Baoding Military Academy, he took refuge in Yen Hsi-shan, and served as the head and division commander of Shanxi Training Corps of Jin Army, the mayor of Beiping and the garrison commander of Beiping. When Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan jointly fought against Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang was the commander-in-chief of the First Route Army. After the defeat of Feng and Yan in the Central Plains War, Zhang left Yan Xishan and returned to Hebei to engage in rural autonomy in Boye, Lixian, Anguo and Anping counties. 1929, Zhang seized the post of principal of "Sicun Primary School" in Boye.
[Transferred from Tiexue Community/] After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Zhang retreated to Linxian and Lingchuan at the junction of Henan and Shaanxi, and established the "Hebei People's Army" with the teachers and students of "Four Villages Middle School" as the core. Chiang Kai-shek appointed Zhang as the director of Baoding camp civilian training department and commander-in-chief of Hebei civilian army. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, under the banner of anti-Japanese, Zhang had certain connections with the Eighth Route Army, so he invited Wen, a member of * * *, to be the secretary-general and director of the political department of Hebei People's Army.
However, Zhang is anti-communist at heart. 1in the summer of 938, Zhang was summoned by Chen Cheng (Zhang and Chen Cheng were classmates of Baoding Military Academy) in Wuhan, and Chen Cheng appointed him as the director-general and civil affairs director of Hebei Youth League. From then on, Zhang began to openly oppose communist party and the Eighth Route Army, did everything possible to carry out anti-communist activities, and even shouted the slogan of "fighting the Eighth Route Army". He is also the inventor of curve saving the country.
1938+ In February, the anti-communist "Boye mutiny" was launched. 1February, 939, Zhang Yiqi Chai was the commander of the Independent Regiment of the Eighth Route Army Jizhong Military Region/the Second Detachment of the Independent Regiment. Soon, Chai became a Japanese puppet army, and Zhang actually defended him as "curve saving the country and still doing anti-construction work for our party." In June 1939, 1 1, Zhang killed more than 400 officers and men behind the Eighth Route Army in Shenxian, Hebei Province, which was the famous "Shenxian Massacre".
1On June 22nd, 939, in order to punish Zhang's reactionary behavior, the Eighth Route Army launched an attack on Zhang's department, surrounded Zhang's troops in Zhangqiansi village in the south of Shenxian County, Hebei Province, and annihilated them. Zhang He escaped with only a few guards. However, Reng Zhang did not repent and continued his anti-communist friction. After being hit by me16 ~ August 24, I fled hastily and recovered. 1939, 19 September, Chiang Kai-shek, in desperation, explicitly ordered "Zhang suspended for investigation" (19124 October), but Chiang Kai-shek still secretly sent a message to Zhang, asking him to wait patiently and reuse his work in the future.
1940 In February, the Kuomintang Military Commission organized a meeting of chiefs of staff above the national army level. At the meeting, Ye Jianying used Zhang's diary, telegram and secret letter captured in the battle to expose Zhang's plan to surrender to the Japanese army and kill the left-behind personnel of the Eighth Route Army, and refuted Jiang's shameless remarks such as "swimming without fighting, attacking friendly forces, shielding the rebels, killing local officials, sabotaging the war of resistance and creating friction". In black and white, the facts were there, and Chiang Kai-shek was speechless.
194 1 year, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Zhang as the president of the ninth branch of the Central Military Academy of the Kuomintang, which was not completed due to the interference of the Kuomintang military and political departments and military training departments. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek left Zhang in Chongqing and gave him generous treatment every month. 1in the spring of 943, Zhang participated in the first national congress of the Youth League of the Three People's Principles (hereinafter referred to as the Youth League) held in Chongqing as a representative of Hebei Branch, and was elected as a member of the presidium and a member of the Central Committee. 1945 In May, Zhang participated in the Sixth National Congress of the Kuomintang as a member of the Communist Youth League. After the peaceful liberation of Peiping, Reng Zhang hid a large number of weapons and ammunition and plotted to destroy them. He was arrested by Beiping Military Control Committee of China People's Liberation Army and died of cancer in May 1949.
2. "Friction" provoked by Shen Honglie and Qin Qirong.
1939 1 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Shandong branch sent a letter to the Shandong Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang, proposing to solve the problem of the form of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and draw up a United front program suitable for the special situation in Shandong Province, but the Shandong Provincial Government of the Kuomintang has always adopted a perfunctory and refusal attitude. 1On February 5th, 939, Shen Honglie, Chairman of Shandong Province, held a provincial military and political meeting and decided to "unify the defense line" and divide the Eighth Route Army in tengxian and Surabaya in an attempt to destroy it by Japanese puppet troops. He also put forward some ostentatious ideas, such as "guns should not leave the people, people should not leave home", "unified administration, the army should not engage in politics" and "providing food and overall support", all of which actually contained sinister intentions. Friction incidents continued after the meeting.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
Qin Qirong created the "Boshan Massacre" (also known as the "Taihe Massacre")
1In March, 939, in order to meet the needs of the development of the anti-Japanese situation, the third detachment of Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army, which insisted on guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines in Qinghe area of northern Shandong, was ordered by Shandong Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to send 62 cadres and soldiers to study in Shandong Anti-Japanese Military and Political Cadre School and Yan 'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, and formed about 2 10 people to take charge of escort. In order to avoid conflict, the third detachment first sent someone to contact the Wang Shangzhi Department of Qin Qirong, commander of the fifth column of the Military Committee of the National Government of Taihe Town, Boshan, to explain the intention of passing by. Wang Shangzhi said it could pass. But when the motorcade passed Taihe Town on 30th, Wang Shangzhi was treacherous and used the terrain to ambush the cadres and soldiers of the third detachment. Two people, including the escort battalion commander Lu Yiting, were shot and killed. Except for 60 people who broke through, more than 200 people were jailed, and 8 people, including Bao Hui, director of the political department of the third detachment, and Pan Jianjun, the detachment leader, died.
After the "Boshan Massacre", the Shandong Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army resolutely countered the Kuomintang die-hards, annihilated Wang Shangzhi's guard brigade, recovered Taihe Town, and rescued some prisoners. Qin Qirong and Wang Shangzhi were severely condemned by * * * and fought back militarily, and were also widely criticized and accused within the Shandong Kuomintang.
However, just when they were very isolated and passive, the Kuomintang Military Commission ordered Qin and Wang to be rewarded for their "fighting courage". At the same time, Pei, a member of the Shandong Party Affairs Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, repeatedly expressed his firm support for Qin Qirong and his actions in Taihe. This practice of the upper level of the Kuomintang has a great influence on the development of the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of Shandong. Many Kuomintang people who had cooperated with or remained neutral turned right one after another. Shen Honglie, Qin Qirong and other die-hards are even more arrogant in their anti-Communist arrogance, and put forward reactionary slogans such as "Better fake than red" and "I can't fight if I can't fight", and the anti-communist "friction" is more frequent and intense.
Qin Qirong, who continued to adhere to the anti-communist stance, led his troops to raid the rear organ of the fourth detachment of Shandong column in Xuenomura, northern Laiwu County in August, creating a "Snowfield Incident" in which 29 cadres and soldiers of the fourth detachment were killed or injured. Then, Qin Qirong led his troops to besiege the third and fourth detachments of Lu Column in He Zi River Basin for more than ten days, thus creating the "He Zi Incident". In Luxi, Kuomintang die-hards Wang Jinxiang, Lu Yizhi and Qi Zixiu provoked armed conflicts successively. In Jiaodong, an "anti-Eight Allied Forces" of nearly 30,000 people headed by Zhao Baoyuan, a die-hard Kuomintang, was organized to attack the Eighth Route Army. In southern Shandong, Yan and Wang Huayun's stubborn army jointly challenged the Eighth Route Army. According to statistics, in only half a year, Shandong Kuomintang troops attacked the troops of Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army more than 90 times, killing and detaining more than 2,000 Eighth Route Army cadres and soldiers.
In this case, Shandong * * organization and its armed forces focused on the overall situation of anti-Japanese, not only resolutely responded to the Kuomintang die-hards, but also maintained the necessary tolerance and tried their best to maintain the anti-Japanese national United front in Shandong. At the same time, strategically, according to the principle of "developing the progressive forces, striving for the middle forces and isolating the die-hard forces", Shen Honglie and Yu Xuezhong, the two representatives of the Kuomintang stationed in Shandong, were treated differently, and the policy of "supporting Yu Xuezhong, uniting the Northeast Army, isolating Shen Honglie and cracking down on Qin Qirong" was formulated. The United front relationship with Yu Xuezhong was successfully established and maintained, which made the regular army of Shandong Kuomintang basically neutral in the struggle of "friction" and "anti-friction".
(B) friction "friction" around the New Fourth Army.
In addition to targeting the Eighth Route Army, the Kuomintang die-hards also launched many "frictions" against the New Fourth Army, resulting in many tragedies, among which the "Queshan Massacre" and "Pingjiang Massacre" are widely known. * * * solemnly pointed out at the Yan 'an begging meeting: "We will never tolerate those who dare to create the Pingjiang massacre and the Queshan massacre, and those who dare to attack progressive troops, progressive groups and progressive personnel. We will definitely fight back and never give in. "
1, Pingjiang massacre
On May 30, 1939, Jiang sent a telegram to Xu Yongchang: "It is reported that the Communist Party of China is wanton in the Jiayiling area of Pingjiang ... Please check and deal with it."
[Transferred from Tiexue Community/] So, on June 1939 and 12, the headquarters of the 27th Kuomintang Army in Hunan and Hubei sent a spy battalion, suddenly surrounded the communication office of the New Fourth Army in Chiayi Town, Pingjiang County, Hunan Province, and shot and killed Tu, a senior staff officer of the New Fourth Army (concurrently secretary of the CPC Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi Provincial Committee), and Zeng Jinsheng, a major secretary of the New Fourth Army Command, on the spot. More than 10 long and short guns and more than 1000 bullets were taken from the communication bureau, and eight communication soldiers were also taken away.
After the incident, the Kuomintang authorities turned a deaf ear. Comrade * * said angrily at Yan' an memorial service: "Who asked if it was such a big thing to kill anti-Japanese comrades?" Since 12 killed someone at 3 pm on June, it's already August of 1 year. Who have we met to ask questions? ..... just * * out to ask this matter. Later, he exposed and criticized the Kuomintang's measures to restrict the activities of different parties.
Under pressure, Chiang Kai-shek had to order Xue Yue and Yang Sen to arrest the company commander who caused the accident, bring him to justice (find a scapegoat), and give him a pension of 5,000 yuan, but he didn't intend to revoke the confidential anti-communist documents.
2. Queshan tragedy
The "Queshan Massacre", also known as the "Zhugou Massacre" in history, was a massacre of New Fourth Army soldiers and anti-Japanese patriots made by Kuomintang die-hards in 1939.
[Transferred from Tiexue Community/] In the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Zhugou Town was the rear office of the Central Plains Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Henan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Eighth Detachment of the New Fourth Army. It was also the seat of the Zhugou prefectural and county committees of the Communist Party of China and became the strategic support point for our party to lead War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Central China. Its existence and development caused great panic among the Kuomintang die-hards, deliberately creating frictions many times in an attempt to crowd out the rear office of the New Fourth Army or ban it on the spot.
1939 10, commander of the 3rd Nanyang Kuomintang Army1Tang personally planned to attack Zhugou, and appointed Geng (Queshan) as a member of the Military Command as the commander-in-chief of the attack on Zhugou. After Geng was ordered, more than 800 people from Zhenbi and Xinxin counties 16 Squadron and 1800 were mobilized to besiege Zhugou.
At dawn on June 6, Geng personally took the lead and began to attack. 13 in the morning, Zhugou was captured, and the Kuomintang immediately began a bloody massacre and looting. Queshan took a new soldier, and Geng personally ordered his execution. Xiong Xiang, a female nurse in the health team, was dragged to the wilderness and starved to death. More than 20 seriously injured people, including Zhang Chaoyin, deputy section chief of the printing works section of Zhongyuan Bureau, and Wu Guihua, a female worker, were killed, and more than 30 people left behind by logistics agencies were collectively shot. Wang Enjiu, director of the United Front Work Department of Henan Provincial Party Committee (communication adjutant of the rear office), was ordered to negotiate with the county magistrate in Queshan, and was killed by Wei Cao of Queshan County in Gushanchong, southwest of Queshan. The stubborn army of Queshan also slaughtered more than 20 families of the New Fourth Army at the tip of the western hill in Wagang, and the property of Zhou Junming, head of the 8 th regiment of the 4 th detachment of the New Fourth Army, was also seized. In this incident, more than 200 cadres, soldiers, wounded and sick people, family members and revolutionary masses of the New Fourth Army were killed.
3. Cheng Ruhuai and "Xiajiashan Anti-Communist Incident"
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Cheng Ruhuai, commander of the 17th Kuomintang column, and Wang Xiaofeng, deputy commander, led their troops to March into eastern Hubei. Instead of resisting Japan, they aimed their guns at * * *.
[Transferred from Tiexue Community]1939 In May, Cheng Ruhuai and Gui Jun attacked the newly established Eighth Brigade of the New Fourth Army in Jiangbei, and carried out encirclement and suppression in July and August, which wiped out the Eighth Brigade and killed more than 200 people, including * * * members and local cadres.
1In mid-August, 939, Cheng Ruhuai, commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang die-hard guerrillas in eastern Hubei, colluded with Cheng Shufen, the division commander of Guangxi Department 172, to form the guerrilla fifth brigade through encirclement. (In order to take advantage of the contradiction between the fifth war zone and Cheng Ruhuai, strive for "legal" existence and solve the supply problem, the party committees of the three provinces of Hubei, Henan and Anhui took the initiative to negotiate with 265438 and decided to maintain our party's absolute leadership over the troops. The "East Hubei Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Advance Team" under the jurisdiction of the Fourth Detachment of the New Fourth Army was reorganized into the "Fifth Brigade of the 21st Army of the National Revolutionary Army", with four squadrons under its jurisdiction. The battalion chief Zhang Tixue was stationed in Xiajiashan, mobilizing ten times as many troops as the fifth brigade, thus forming a heavy siege on the fifth brigade. On 25th, Cheng Ruhuai "ordered" the Fifth Brigade to the first line of Song Qi Highway, threatening to defend Xiajiashan, forcing the Fifth Brigade to withdraw from Xiajiashan base area. At that time, the battalion chief Zhang Tixue was in Camus area of Huanggang, and the troops informed him to return to Xiajiashan to study countermeasures. On the evening of 30th, the Military and Political Committee held an emergency military meeting in Xiajiashan and decided to break through 3 1.
Just as they broke through, the stubborn Kuomintang army shot at them and launched an attack. Zhang Tixue took the guards and the pistol team across the mountains, crossed the blockade, and arrived at the Chen family's Dawan in Maxi the next day, but Zhang's wife Dai Xingqun was caught by the enemy and killed. In the Xiajiashan incident, five battalions of the CPC Huanggang Central Committee and the county party committee organs suffered heavy losses and sacrificed more than 500 people. This is the "Xiajiashan anti-communist incident" that shocked the whole country.
In addition, before and after the Queshan massacre, Chiang Kai-shek also ordered the 6th Army and 8th Division of the Cavalry to create friction against the base areas of the New Fourth Army in Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, and the Chairman of Anhui Province ordered135th Division and local troops to attack Xinji, the headquarters of the New Fourth Army, in an attempt to destroy the guerrilla detachment in Peng Xuefeng.