Dali is a national regime with Bai nationality as the main body established in Yunnan in Song Dynasty. Two years later, in Tang Zhaozong (902), Zheng Maisi, an aristocrat of Nanzhao, destroyed Montessori's independence and changed his country name to "Great River". In 928, in the third year of the late Tang and Ming Dynasties, Yang Gan really destroyed the Zheng family, established Zhao Shanzheng, and changed the country name to "Datianxing". The Star Kingdom only existed for ten months. Yang Ganzhen abolished Zhao Zili and changed his title to "Dayining". Yang Ganzhen is "insatiable, suffering at home and abroad". In the second year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (937), Duan Siping, with the slogan of "reducing taxes and half grain, delaying corvee for three years", joined forces with 37 resistance forces in eastern Yunnan to expel Yang Ganzhen and become king on his own, and changed his name to "Dali", that is, Duan Dali. Duan's victory lies in his policy of "reducing grain and lenient corvee" and the reform of "loosening and eliminating heavy taxes", which has been widely supported by the people.
When Duan Siping passed it to Duan Lianyi on the 12th, the powerful minister Yang killed Lianyi and stood on his own feet in Yuanfeng for three years (1080). Four months later, Gao Zhilian, a warrior in Kunming, ordered his son Gao Shengtai to get up and kill Yang, and made Duan Shouhui, the nephew of Duan Lianyi, king. Shouhui passed it very clearly. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Song Zhezong promoted Thailand to abolish righteousness, became king on his own, and changed his name to "Greater China". Shengtai died in the second year of his reign. His son succeeded to the throne according to his will, and his brother, the Duan family, was re-established, which was called "the post-governing country" in history. In the post-Li period, Gao Shi was the prime minister, known as "Duke China" and held real power.
Dali administrative region is equivalent to Nanzhao. According to the geographical records in Yuan History, "Hengshan Mountain on Pu 'an Road (now Pu 'an, Guizhou) is in the east, Jiangtou City in Myanmar (now the border sand in Myanmar) is in the west", Lucang River on Lin 'an Road is in the south (now Heihe River in the north of Laizhou, Vietnam), and Dadu River is in the north. "In the early period of Dali, the capital city (Dali area), two governors (Huichuan and Tonghai) and six festivals (Dongnong, Yinsheng, Yongchang, Lishui, Tuodong and Jianchuan) were set up in this vast area. Two governors are sometimes called frugality, so there are eight governors in all, so they are called "Yunnan Eight Countries". In the later period of Dali, there were eight states, four counties and four towns. Fu Ba is good at fighting (now Kunming), Wei Chu (now Chuxiong), Yi Tong is Dongnong (now Yao 'an), Huichuan (now Huili), Jianchang (now Xichang), Tengyue (now Tengchong), Moutong (now Heqing) and Yongchang (now Baoshan). The four counties are Dongchuan (now Huize), Shicheng (now Qujing), Heyang (now Chengjiang) and Xiushan (now Tonghai); The four towns are Ji Cheng Town in the northwest (now Yongsheng), Menghe Town in the southwest (now Weishan), Zhenxi Town in the west (now Yingjiang) and Ningning Town in the east (now Kaiyuan). When he was in charge of the country, he was enfeoffed by Gao's descendants and was stationed hereditary. The rulers of the four counties all have Gao and his surname.
The political system of Dali is basically the same as Nanzhao. Wang said that he was a wonderful book, with officials in Qingping, Tan Chuo, cloth shoes, Jiu Zan and Yan Zan. Among them, Yanzan was added by Dali. There is "nine coolness" under the qingping official.
Dali's social economy has developed greatly compared with Nanzhao. "Gui Yu Hai Zhi Heng" said: "Dali has a vast territory, a large population and excellent equipment". Emei Jinshi Zuo Yang go to dali bought horses. When passing Yaozhou, he saw that the local agricultural production was almost the same as that of Zizhong and Rongxian in Sichuan. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Songnian went to Dali and saw that "the right of irrigation is in the wild of Yunnan" in Qinghu (now Xiangyun) in Yunnan. Residents in Baiya (now called Duhongya) area gather, and grass and hemp cover the wild. There is Shenzhuang River in Zhao Chuandian (Dali Fengyi), which irrigates thousands of hectares of land, making the people rich and less suffering from drought. Animal husbandry is also quite developed, Dali produces horses, and thousands of horses are sold to Guangxi through Guizhou every year. The handicraft industry is very prosperous, and the armor made of elephant skin is exquisite in shape and as hard as iron; Felt products, painted utensils, whip saddles and so on are quite famous. The level of iron smelting industry is very high, and Yunnan knives are cherished by people of all ethnic groups in the south. The copper smelting technology is exquisite, and the craft is exquisite. Today, the bronze Buddha statues in Dali show the grandeur and superb plastic arts of copper smelting.
The development of agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts has promoted the development and prosperity of commerce. The foreign trade of Dali is quite developed. Traffic extends in all directions, "east to Rongzhou (now Yibin, Sichuan), west to Poisonous Country (India), southeast to Jiaotoe (now northern Vietnam), northeast to Chengdu, north to Daxue Mountain and south to the sea". There are two ways to trade with the Central Plains: Sichuan and Yongning (now Nanning, Guangxi). The mutual market in Hengshanzhai (now Tiandong, Guangxi) is the most prosperous. At that time, the commodities that Dali merchants exported to the mainland included horses, sheep, chickens and other livestock and poultry, handicrafts such as knives, felts, nails, saddles and lacquerware, and drugs such as musk and bezoar. China's books, silk, porcelain, Daphne, licorice and other medicinal materials and handicrafts are all imported from the mainland. The introduction of advanced science and culture from the mainland into Yunnan has promoted the people of all ethnic groups. Dali has trade with Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaya, India, Persia and other countries. With the development of commerce, cities such as Dali, Shantou, Wei Chu and Yongchang have emerged. Good interpretation has become a hub for close contact with the motherland and foreign countries. After the Yuan Dynasty unified Yunnan and built the provincial capital, it became the provincial capital.
The royal family in Dali considers themselves descendants of the Han people and vigorously promotes the Han culture. Under the influence of Chinese culture, Bo (Bai) writing came into being. Bai Wen wrote White in Chinese characters and read Bai Yin. Nanzhao was used for writing, but it was widely used in Dali period. At this time, historical works such as "White History" and "National History" written in vernacular Chinese and literary works such as poems, songs and legends came into being. Bai Wen's poems are famous for their rhyming style, which is composed of ten couplets in each chapter, two paragraphs in each couplet, four sentences in each paragraph, seven words in the first three sentences, five words in the last sentence, and the last word in each paragraph rhymes.
The Da Li Tu (also known as Wen Tu) made by Da Li painter Wen in the seventh year (1 180) is of great artistic value. "The image in the volume is solemn, rich and golden, and wonderful" (Postscript of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty). "The brushwork is exquisite and vivid, resplendent and dazzling, and it is also a treasure of the South China." Today, the stone building in Kunming Ancient Architecture Park is the only stone carving left in Dali. His "architectural theory" is a valuable material for studying the history of Dali. There are more than 200 statues of gods and buddhas here, the largest of which is more than one meter high, and the smallest is only a dozen centimeters. Their facial expressions are different, their expressions are serious but not rigid, their clothes are meticulous and realistic, their proportions are well-proportioned, their shapes are beautiful, their knife marks are vigorous and their preparations are exquisite, which makes them the best in central Yunnan. In addition, murals and woodcut art also have high artistic value.
Buddhism was introduced into Yunnan in Nanzhao and prevailed in Dali. Dali rulers are good at Buddhism, which has a far-reaching influence on the spread of Buddhism in Yunnan. Duan Siping builds temples and casts thousands of buddhas. According to Nanzhao unofficial history, in the twenty-two Biographies of Dali, eight people have become monks, which is rare in the history of China. Confucian dogma and Buddhist morality are almost integrated. Confucian scholars all worship Buddha, and Buddhist teachers and monks also read Confucian books. There is a so-called "interpretation of Confucianism" (also known as "Confucian interpretation"), and all teachers and monks are officials. Monks also gained political status through imperial examinations. Although its regime and religion can't be said to be completely integrated, the boundaries have almost disappeared.
Over the past 300 years in Dali, the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan have been in constant economic and cultural contact with the mainland. In the early years of Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Quanbin Pingshu celebrated with Dali Papilio. Zhao pleaded with Wan (Wang), the leader of Dali, and named him "the king of eight capitals of Yunnan". In 982, the seventh year of Taiping and Xingguo, Song Taizong Zhaolifu "built a big ship on the Dadu River to help the southwest pay tribute". In the seventh year of Zheng He (117), Song Huizong Evonne gave Duan and in the second year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 132), a market racecourse was set up in Yongzhou (now Nanning, Guangxi), and the transaction was very prosperous. In the ninth year of Song Xiaozong trunk road (1 173), Li Guanyin, a Dali native, had to wait until Yongzhou to discuss horse trading and exchange a large number of Chinese books. They attached a poem to the document to the local government, saying, "The pronunciation and pronunciation don't match, and there are many places thousands of miles away." It expresses the feeling that all ethnic groups in Dali are close to the mainland people.
Guo Songnian's Travels in Dali at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty said: "Song Xing, which has great enemies in the north, has no time to travel far, and contacts with envoys, leading to China. Therefore, although its palaces, rooms, buildings, scenery, language, number of books, even the ceremony of weddings, funerals and coronations, and the method of fighting are not perfect, its scale, costumes, movements and clouds are slightly based on the Han Dynasty. " From this point of view, there is still a legacy of the old country. This general statement concisely and accurately illustrates the close relationship between Dali, the southwest frontier, and the mainland of China.
In the third year of Emperor Xianzong of Mongolia (1253), Kublai Khan conquered Dali, Yunnan. A descendant of Duan, the leader of Dali, was appointed hereditary.
Manager. Most former Dali officials were appointed as Yunnan Tusi.
Dali (938- 1253)
Dali was founded in 937. It was renamed Dazhong in 1094 and Hou Li in 1096.
In the third year of Emperor Xianzong of Mongolia (A.D. 1253), Kublai Khan "crossed the river" and conquered Dali, then built Yunnan Province, and Duan Wang was the hereditary general manager of Dali. In the 7th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1270), Mongolia established Dali Road, which governed Dali, Eryuan, Guishan, Xiangyun, Yongping, Yao 'an, Dayao, Baoshan and Tengchong. In the 15th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1382), Dali Road was changed to Dali Mansion (a mansion in Yunnan), and its jurisdiction was equivalent to Dali, Xiangyun, Binchuan, Eryuan, Yunlong and other counties. Among them, Dali County around Erhai Lake has been renamed many times. In the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1289), Taihe County was established. In 19 13, it was renamed Dali County, and Xuecheng in Yangzhi was renamed Dali City.
Qian Dali (938- 1094)
Emperor Taizu (Duan Siping) Wende (7) 938
SHEN WOO (1) Chen Jia 944
Wenjing Emperor (~ Ying Si) Wenjing Emperor (1) Yisi 945
Wen Chengdi (~ Siliang) Zhi Zhi (6) Bingwu 946
Photonic Emperor (~ Sicong) Mingde (2) Renzi 952
Guangde (14) Jiayin 954
Shun (Shengde) (1)968
Yingdaodi (~ Su Shun) Zheng Ming (17) is 969.
Zhaomingdi (~ Su Ying) Guangming (1 1) Xu Bing 986
Meiji (8) Ding You 997
Tong Ming (1) is 1005
Ming Sheng (1) is 1005
Mingde (1) Yi Si 1005
Ming Ying (5) Yisi 1005
Xuansudi (~ Su Lian) Qi Ming (13) Geng Xu 10 10.
Ganxing (1) Ren Xu 1022
Bingyidi (~ Su Long) Tong Ming (4) Guihai 1023
Sheng Dedi (~ Su Zhen) Zheng Zhi (15) Ding Mao 1027
Tianmingdi (~ Su Xing) Ming Sheng (1) Renwu 1042
Tian Ming (2) Renwu 1042
Xingzong Xiaodidi (~ Silian) Security (8) Yiyou 1045
Zhengan (4) Your Company 1053
Zheng De-1057
Baode-1074
Famous monkey (2)- 1074
Shangdedi (~ Lianyi) Shangde (1) Chen Bing 1076
Guang 'an (4) Ding Si 1077
Emperor Shang Ming (Duan Shouhui) Shang Ming (1) had a heart 108 1
Baoding Di (~ Zheng Ming) 1082
Jian 'an-
God bless (3)- 109 1
Dazhong (1095- 1096)
The sage of wealth represents the emperor (Gao Shengtai) (Lord of Greater China) Shangzhi (1) Yihai 1095.
Hou Dali (1096- 1253)
Zhongzong Wendi (Duan) Tianshou (1) Bing Zi 1096
Ming Kai (6) Dingchou 1097
Tianzheng (2) Guiwei 1 103
Wen 'an (3) Yiyou 1 105
Xianzong Ren Xuan (Duan Zhengyan, honorary name, also known as He Yu) Rixin (2) Wuzi 1 108.
Wen Zhi (12) Geng Yin 1 1 10
Yongjia (7) Renyin 1 122
Baotian (8) Ji You 1 129
Guangying (10) Ding Si 1 137
Zheng (Duan Zhengxing, also known as Yi Chang) Yong Zhen (1) Ren Chen 1 148.
Dabao (7) Keith 1 149
Longxing (17) Bing Zi 1 155
Ming Sheng (1) Xinmao 1 17 1
Jiande (1) Xinmao 1 17 1
Xuanzong Gong Jidi (Duan Zhixing) Li Zhen (4) Renchen 1 172
Shengde (5) Shen Bing 1 176
Jiahui (4) Xin Chou 1 18 1
Yuan Heng (13) Yi Si 1 185
Diazepam (3) 5-5 1 198
Yingzong Hengtiandi (Duan Zhilian) Anding (1) Gengshen 1200
Li Fengxin has 120 1
Yuanshou-
Zong Shen (Duan Zhixiang) Tiankai (2 1) Ugly B 1205
Tianfu (1) Xu Bing 1226
Renshou (3) Xu Bing 1226
Xiaoyi Emperor (Duan Xiangxing) Daolong (22) Yihai 1239
Tianding Wang Xian (Duan Xingzhi) Daolong (1) Xinhai 125 1
Tianding (3) herringbone 1252
(Note: This chronology is slightly different from the popular chronology)
Guo Xiang in the Post-Dali Era (1096—— 1253)
Gao (Gao Taiming) (20) 1096
Gao Taiyun (3) 1 1 16
China Palace (~ Mingshun) 1 1 19
Gao Shunzhen
China Gong (~ Quancheng) (9) 1 14 1
Gao Zhenshou 1 150
China does not thank (~ Shou Chang)
Gaoguanyin Longxing government
Duke of Ming Dynasty (~ Zhenming) (2) 1 174
Gao Guanyin Miao 1 176
Gaoguanyin politics
Gao ayu
Gao Chao Jackie Chan
Gao Taixiang (16) 1237
General Manager of Dali in Yuan Dynasty (1257- 1387)
Tianding Wang Xian (Duan Xingzhi) (3) 1257
Duan (also known as Trust Day) (2 1) 126 1
Duan Zhong (1) 1283
Duan Qing (also known as A Qing) (22) 1284
Duan Zheng (9) 1307
Duan Long (13) 13 17.
Duan Jun (1) 133 1
Duan Yi (1) 1332
Duanguang (1 1) 1333
Duan Gong (20) 1345
Duan Bao (15) 1365
Duan Ming (1) 138 1
Duan's (5) 1382