Xia and Shang dynasties
Before the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the place where Chinese ancestors (mainly Donghu people) and Yin Shang immigrants lived. Donghu people are brave and good at riding and shooting. After a long primitive clan life, they entered the slave society.
During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the present Liaoyang area belongs to Yingzhou area, which is a natural division and does not have the significance of a national administrative region.
Zhou dynasty
Liaoyang in Zhou Dynasty belongs to Youzhou. In the fourth year of Zhou Wuwang (BC 1066), the king of Wu negotiated to "release Ji Zi's prisoners and go to Korea (now Liaoyang area) because it was blocked". Ji Zi's "Giving people gifts and raising silkworms and brocade" brought the Central Plains culture and advanced production technology, which promoted the development of production and the integration of ethnic groups.
During the twenty-eight to thirty-three years of Yan Zhaowang (about 284 BC to 279 BC), Qin Kai, a general of Yan School, attacked the East Lake, making it "more than a thousand miles away" and attacking Korea, saving the world, "taking two thousand miles away". Then set up Liaodong County and Xiangping County in Liaohe River Basin. Counties are all in Xiangping City (now the old city of Liaoyang City).
Since the establishment of Xiangping County in Yan State, with the gradual increase of administrative agencies and garrisons, Xiangping has become a border town in Liaodong area. People from Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other places in the Central Plains moved here one after another, and more and more settlers, and the Central Plains culture spread further in the local area, which led to the rapid development of commerce, handicrafts, mining and construction in Xiangping area. Historical records and unearthed objects prove that the technology of mining and smelting copper and iron reached a very high level at that time, and copper coins could be cast and iron smelting equipment could be forged, such as hoes, sickles, hoes, shovels and other agricultural tools and iron pots. Agricultural production technology has also reached a higher level, and Liaoyang and its surrounding areas have become one of the main agricultural areas south of the Great Wall. Business has formed a fixed market, and there are special officials in the county to manage commodity transactions, and the embryonic form of the city has emerged.
Qin dynasty
In the 29th year of Yan State (226 BC), the King of Qin sent troops to attack Yan State in order to avenge the assassination of Jing Ke, the capital of Yan State, Ji (now Beijing) was captured by Qin Jun, and "Taizi Dan was hidden in Yanshui" (now Taizi River). The prince listened to Wang Jiazhi's plan, killed Taizi Dan, and dedicated his head to the king of Qin, in order to stop the war. The king of Qin ignored it and continued to invade Liaodong. Five years later (222 BC), Yan was finally annexed by Qin. In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 BC1), the whole country was divided into 36 counties. Liaodong county still follows the Yan county system, and the county seat is located in Xiangping county.
Han Dynasty
The Western Han Dynasty followed the Qin system, and the county government of Liaodong County was still located in Xiangping County, which governed Xiangping, Maojiu, Xinchang, Fangfang, Houcheng and Liaodui counties 18. Among them are Xiangping County, Jujiu County (near the foot of Liangjiashan Mountain in Helan Town, Liaoyang County) and Liaodui County (near Gaotuozi in Xiaobeihe Town, Liaoyang County). At the end of the Western Han Dynasty (AD 9), Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and gained a new title. Liaodong county is still established, leading to 18 county, and the county government is located in Xiangping, and Xiangping county is changed to Changping county. After the death of the new dynasty, it was renamed Xiangping County.
At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liaodong County was still established, and the county ruled Xiangping, resulting in 1 1 county, with Xiangping as the head county. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (65,438+089), Gongsun Du, the satrap of Liaodong, established himself as the Hou of Liaodong and was called Pingzhou Pastoral. Liaodong County is divided into three counties: Liaodong, Zhongliao and Liaoxi, and Liaodong County leads Xiangping and lives there. After Gongsun Du's grandson Gongsun Yuan came to power, he established himself as a prince with hundreds of officials and departments, and soon became a vassal of Sun Quan in Soochow.
Jiang Yan, an important town in Northeast China during the Western Han Dynasty, has been the central city of Liaodong in commerce, handicrafts, mining, culture and art. As early as the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, there were iron officials and salt officials in Liaodong County to manage the production and trade of iron smelting and salt industry. At that time, there were more than 100 government-run iron yards in Liaodong county. Pottery, lacquerware, textiles, bronze products, etc. , have a high level. Unearthed cultural relics prove that Xiangping City was densely populated in the Western Han Dynasty, and its agriculture and animal husbandry production, construction technology, grain processing technology and well-building technology were quite developed. 1955 a large number of ancient tombs were found in the suburbs of Liaoyang, indicating that Xiangping people lived in dense villages at that time and had a large scale. A total of 265 ironware production tools were excavated from the site of Sandaohao Xihan Village, of which agricultural production tools accounted for more than half, followed by handicraft production tools, chariots and horses, weapons and household appliances. Compared with Qin and Han dynasties, these tools have made great progress, among which the shovel unearthed can be divided into three types: large, medium and small. At that time, animal-drawn farming was widely used. In business, businessmen from Liaodong County 18 County gathered in Xiangping for direct transactions. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the central plains was not stable because of the warlord regime, while Liaodong County was located in the northeast corner and was revitalized. Not only the economic construction such as commerce and handicraft industry has further developed, but also the achievements in culture, education and art are outstanding. At that time, forced by the war, a group of wise men from the Central Plains took refuge in Liaodong, and they were called "Three Heroes of Liaodong" together with Guan Ning, Tang gaozu and Wang Lie. They set up a museum to give lectures and engage in cultural education in the north of Xiangping. Murals such as ceremonial riding, feasting, music and dancing, acrobatics, warehouses and kitchens were found in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties, indicating that the material life and spiritual and cultural life of Xiangping City at that time had reached a quite high level. According to records, Xiangping City at this time is a large-scale city, made of earth, with doors on all sides, and there are more than 300 thousand people living inside and outside the city. It is the largest county in Liaodong County. It is not only a political, military, economic and cultural center, but also a distribution center for commodity trade and various goods.
Three Kingdoms
In the second year of Wei Jingchu (238), Sima Yi was ordered to lead Wei Jun to win Gongsun Yuan. In the same year, Gongsun's separatist regime was eliminated and Liaodong County was incorporated into the territory of Wei. Wei established Pingzhou in the area controlled by the former Gongsun family (Pingzhou, east of Liaoyang, was ruled first, and then moved), and governed five counties including Liaodong. Set up a captain of Dongyi in Xiangping for unified management. Liaodong County governs 9 counties, with Xiangping as the first county. Later, Pingzhou was merged into Youzhou.
Jin Dynasty
In the tenth year of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty (274), Pingzhou was restored. (The office was first moved to Changli and Yixian, and then moved back to Xiangping). Jurisdiction over Liaodong, Xuantu and Changli counties. Liaodong County governs 8 counties, with Xiangping as the first county. At the same time, the captain of Hudongyi, the secretary of Pingzhou and the captain of Dongyi were set up to manage all ethnic groups in the northeast mainland of Heilongjiang River basin and the Korean Peninsula from the north of Pingzhou to the present, which is actually the northeast administrative agency. In the third year of Xianning (227), Sima Li was named King of Liaodong, and Liaodong County was changed to Liaodong State. Six years later, the country split and Liaodong County was restored.
In the second year of Daxing in the Jin Dynasty (3 19), Mu Rongchui, a Xianbei ethnic group, rebuilt Yan Qian, captured Liaodong county and occupied Xiangping, and divided the area east of Liaohe into Liaodong territory, which was ruled by Xiangping. During the Yan Qian period, Pingzhou had jurisdiction over Liaodong and Liaoxi 10 counties, while Liaodong county had jurisdiction over Xiangping, Jujiu and Anshi 12 counties, and the state capitals and counties were all located in Xiangping county. In the eighth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (333), Murong Hui died and Murong Mu succeeded to the throne. Liaodong still rules Xiangping, governing 8 counties of Xiangping and Jujiu. In the fifth year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (380), the former Qin Dynasty destroyed the former Yan, and Liaodong was under the jurisdiction of the former Qin Dynasty. Pingzhou and Liaodong counties are the same as Qianyan. In 384 AD, Mu Rongchui, son of Murong, set out to restore Houyan, and Pingzhou and Liaodong counties were the same as the former Qin Dynasty.
At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Koguryo tribe in northern China rose. In 404 AD (the third year of Yuan Xing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Koguryo changed Xiangping City to Liaodong City according to the land of Liaodong. Xiangping was first named by Yan, so it was abolished.
Southern and Northern Dynasties
In the first year of Taiyan in the Northern Wei Dynasty (435), Koguryo Wang Lian sent envoys to pay tribute to the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Anbaili was the commander-in-chief of the Three Seas, the Duke of Liaodong and the King of Koguryo. In 492 AD, the late Wei Dynasty took Goguryeo Wang Yun as the commander-in-chief of the Three Seas and became the founding father of Liaodong County. In 5 19 AD, Goguryeo died in Wang Yun, with Prince Shizi as the founding father, King Goguryeo of Liaodong County. In the sixth year of Jiande, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (577), Koguryo Wang Yang was named the founding father of Liaodong County and the king of Liaodong. When Koguryo people occupied Liaodong city, the position and scale of battlements were the same as those in the Western Han Dynasty.
During the nearly 300 years from Yan Qian to the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Liaodong was ruled by Yan Qian, Hou Hui and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. During this period, the rulers of all ethnic groups were divided here, and there was war between them, which led to the destruction of Liaodong economy developed since Qin and Han Dynasties, the social unrest in Xiangping, and the prosperity of the past was no longer seen.
Sui dynasty
During the Sui Dynasty, the organizational system of Koguryo nationality was still used in Liaodong area. Sui dynasty did not tolerate the existence of local separatist forces, and sent troops to Liaodong three times, all of which ended in failure.
the Tang Dynasty
In the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan (645), Emperor Taizong Li Shimin led an army to conquer Koguryo before conquering Liaodong City (now the old town of Liaoyang City). After the Tang Dynasty occupied Liaodong City, it was named Liaozhou. The following year, it was still called Liaodong City. In the same year, Tang Jun captured Bai Yancheng (now Yanzhou) and changed it to Yanzhou. In the first year of General Chapter of Tang Gaozong (668), Tang Jun captured Pyongyang and set up Andong Duhu House, which governed 9 Duhu Houses, 42 States and 100 County. In 676 AD, Anton Khufu moved to Liaodong City.
Liao dynasty
In the 10 century, the Qidan nationality rose and was founded in Liao. In the third year of Shenshu (9 18), Emperor Yelu of Liao Dynasty took the opportunity to capture Liaodong City and set up Liaoyang House. The following year, based on the old town of Xiangping, the old town of Liaoyang was restored, Dongping County was changed, and a defense envoy was set up. "Cast iron phoenix is in the town", which is called Tiefengcheng. In the third year of Tianxian (928), Yelvdeguang, Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty, ascended the throne, and changed Liaoyang Prefecture to Nanjing. As the capital of Liao country, it moved to Liaoyang, the capital of Dongdan Kingdom, built Dongdan Palace (now the northeast corner of the old city of Liaoyang City), and moved to Yeludun (in the first year of Liao Tianxian, in 926 AD, Liao destroyed the Bohai Sea and changed its country name to Dongdan Kingdom-Dongqidan, and established Prince Yeludun). In the first year of Liao Huitong (938), Nanjing was changed to Tokyo and Liaoyang Prefecture was established. Set up Tokyo Road, which governs 40 states. Its jurisdiction includes the lower reaches of Daling River in the west of Kangping County, the coastal area (Sea of Japan) in the east, the south bank of Yalu River in the southeast, the confluence starting point of Songnen River in the north and the lower reaches of Heilongjiang River in the northeast. Liaoyang County in Tokyo governs 9 counties including Liaoyang, Xianxiang, Ye He, Shimu, Mencius, Xingliao, Sushen, Guiren and Hue. In the ninth year of Taiping in Emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty (1029), Bohai people who migrated to Liaoyang rebelled against the Liao authorities' tax increase and mistreated boatmen. Lin Yan, the military leader of Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo, took part in the uprising, gained leadership, declared independence, established political power, and named the country Xing Liao and Jian Qing. A year later, the uprising failed. In the sixth year of Tianqing (116), Gao Yongchang, a Bohai man, joined the Han people in an uprising in Tokyo (Liaoyang), claiming to be the Emperor of the Great Bohai Sea and changing to Longji, but failed several months later.
Dongdan country has been in Liaoyang for more than 50 years and is one of the five capitals of Liao country. After the hard development of the people of Qidan, Han, Bohai, Nuzhen and Koguryo, the Liaohai area has become a rich agricultural area with "100,000 border residents and thousands of miles of farmland". During this period, the population of Liaoyang City recovered to nearly 300,000, and the handicraft industry and commerce were very developed. The role of Liaoyang as a central city has been reflected. In terms of iron mining and smelting, Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo has a household department to manage the production of iron mining and smelting in Liaodong area. Liao history? According to food records, Dongping County (now Liaoyang City) produces iron ore, which will be distributed to 300 miners when they buy it. There are two or three pits in the Liao Dynasty near Jin Shoushan with a depth of18m, which shows the scale of mining and metallurgy at that time. During this period, the manual iron smelting and forging technology in Liaoyang City also reached a fairly high level, and the wrought iron farm tools and weapons produced were well-known in the Central Plains. Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo is also an important textile industrial base in Liao Dynasty. At the beginning of Liao Dynasty, Dongdan paid 50,000 pieces of fine cloth and 65,438+10,000 pieces of fine cloth to the central government of Liao Dynasty every year. Ceramic production was also an outstanding achievement of Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo at that time. It can produce a large number of white porcelain, celadon and tricolor porcelain products, among which "Qidan saddle and Xia ... are the best in the world". The progress of handicraft technology has promoted the prosperity of commerce. Liaoyang county in Tokyo is already the commercial center of Northeast China. There is a constant trade market in the city, and business is booming. Goods in North Korea, Mongolia and Heilongjiang are piling up like mountains. Luowan, tea, southern Chinese herbal medicines, locally produced cattle, horses, sheep, ginseng, mink, velvet antler and other commodities are all traded in the city. Others such as construction technology, shipbuilding technology and so on. Have reached a fairly high level. Culture, education, religion and art have all developed more rapidly than those in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and the plastic arts of architecture and ceramic products have also achieved quite high attainments. In Liaoyang, Liao Dynasty, an educational institution was established to formally educate the children of scholars. In terms of literature and art, Ye Lubei and Ye Ludeguang, among the nobles in Liao Dynasty, are all well-known scholars and poets, and they can even write poems and articles skillfully in Chinese and Qidan.