In the 24th year of Shaoxing (1 154), Yang Wanli was a scholar and worked in Song Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong successively. He used to be a doctor in Guo Zi, a prisoner in Guangdong, a retinue of the Prince, a secretary supervisor, and a bachelor in Mo Bao Pavilion, and was appointed as the founder of Luling County. In the second year of Jubilee (1206), Yang Wanli died of illness at the age of 80. Received Dr. Guanglu, nicknamed "Wen Jie".
Yang Wanli wrote more than 20,000 poems in his life, and 4,200 works were handed down from generation to generation. He is regarded as a generation of poets. He used simple language, fresh and natural, full of humor, and created a "sincere style". Most of Yang Wanli's poems describe natural scenery and are good at it. He also has many chapters reflecting people's sufferings and expressing patriotic feelings. He is the author of Zhai Chengji and so on.
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Basic introduction: Yang Wanli, alias: Yang Tingxiu, Yang Chengzhai, Yang Wenjie, Mr. Chengzhai, font name: Zi Tingxiu.
No. Chengzhai Time: Southern Song Nationality: Han Nationality Birthplace: Jishui, Jizhou Date of Birth: 1 127 Date of Death:1June 2006 15 Major Works: Collection of Chengzhai Works Major Achievements: Poetry Creation, Creating "Chengzhai Style" Official Position: Mo Bao Pavilion, Bachelor's Degree: Lu. Yang Wanli was born on September 22nd, the first year of Jianyan (1127 65438+1October 29th). He lost his mother when he was eight. Yang Wanli's father, yangfu, is proficient in the Book of Changes, and often goes hungry and cold to buy books. He has accumulated thousands of books in ten years. Under the influence of his father, Yang Wanli studied hard since childhood, learned from others' strengths, persevered, and successively studied under Tao, Wang Tingxuan and others. In the spring of the twentieth year of Shaoxing (1 150), Yang Wanli went to Lin 'an to take the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and was the last one to come back, still continuing his studies. In the 24th year of Shaoxing (1 154), Yang Wanli was a scholar. The following year, Liu Caishao was worshipped as a teacher. In the twenty-sixth year of Shaoxing (1 156), Ganzhou secretariat was awarded to join the army. As a layman in Ganzhou, his father Yang Fu took him to visit Zhang Jiucheng in exile in Nan 'an and Hu Quan passing through Ganzhou. Wang Tingxuan, Zhang Jiucheng, Hu Quan and other predecessors' knowledge, integrity and patriotic spirit against gold have greatly influenced Yang Wanli. In the 29th year of Shaoxing (1 159), Yang Wanli was transferred to Lingling County, Yongzhou. At that time, Zhang Jun, the leader of the hawk faction, lived in Yongzhou and stayed at home. Yang Wanli went to pay his respects three times, but he couldn't see it. After that, he wrote to ask them and was introduced by his son Zhang Wei before he could accept them. Zhang Jun said to him, "He is a noble man, but the names of Zou () and Chen () won glory with the sun and the moon!" " At the same time, I encourage it to learn "sincerely". Yang Wanli listened to his teachings all his life, so he named his reading room "Chengzhai" to show his ambition. At this time, Hu Quan lived in Hengzhou because of sin, and Yang Wanli asked him to write Zhai Chengji for this purpose. He "gains two teachers in one day", and two patriotic ministers, Zhang Jun and Hu Quan, became the role models that Yang Wanli followed all his life. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Song Gaozong settled in Prince Zhao Shen (Song Xiaozong), and the political situation in the Southern Song Dynasty changed greatly. After Xiaozong acceded to the throne, he was determined to recover, and Zhang Jun was appointed as the Tang Dynasty envoy, and he soon gave way to Xiang. In the autumn of the first year of Longxing (1 163), Yang Wanli left Lingling and moved to Lin 'an. Zhang Jun recommended, except Professor Lin An. Before his appointment, he returned to Jishui in the first month of the second year of Longxing (1 164) because his father was ill. On August 4th this year, his father Vencent Yang died, and Yang Wanli was in mourning at home. In the spring of the third year of the main road (1 167), Yang Wanli went to Lin 'an, met with famous officials and Yu, and made a political commentary on "Thousand Thoughts". The "Si Qian Ce" is divided into 30 articles, such as Jun Dao, national conditions, governing the source, talent, phase, generals, soldiers, controlling officials, choosing laws, criminal law, redundant officials and civil affairs, which profoundly summarizes Jingkang. Fengxin trunk road was ruled for six years (1 170), except for Yang Wanli, who was appointed as Fengxin magistrate in Longxing Prefecture. It's just that the drought in Fengxin County makes people's lives very difficult. When Yang Wanli took office on April 26, he saw that the prison was full of people who couldn't pay the rent, but the government treasury was still empty, knowing that this was caused by exploitation among officials. So he ordered all the "prisoners" in the prison to be put back, and it was forbidden to catch people and whip the people. Then he sent a notice to every household to relax the tax amount and time limit. As a result, the people paid taxes voluntarily and paid all the taxes they owed within one month. Although Yang Wanli worked in Fengxin for only half a year, he first practiced his own politics of not disturbing the people and achieved great success. In the same year 10, Yang Wanli was hired as a doctor on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, and has been working in Beijing since then. After a lapse of seven years (1 17 1), Zhang Qian offended Yu because he recently opposed my favourite to take charge of an important position. This year, he was excluded and learned about Yuan Zhou. In order to oppose Zhang Zhang's improper dismissal, Yang Wanli wrote a letter to exhort him to teach by example and forget his private affairs, which was deeply praised by the world. In July, I became Dr. Tai Chang. In the eighth year of Dadao (1 172), Yang Wanli was promoted to Tai Changcheng and was authorized as the right assistant minister of the official department. The main road was transferred to juvenile prison in April of nine years (1 173). Yang Wanli painted the first month of the first year of Xichun (1 174), except Zhangzhou. Don't forget to write a letter when you leave, and advise Xiaozong not to be greedy and cheap, but to be honest. After his illness, he didn't go to work and lived at home for three years. In the fourth year of Xichun (1 177), he left Changzhou. Xichun six years (1 179), in addition to promoting tea salt in Changping, Guangdong. Yang Wanli left Changzhou with his family in February this year and stayed there for nearly a year. In the seventh year of Xichun (1 180), he left Jishui and went to Guangdong. In the eighth year of Xichun (1 18 1), he was transferred to Tiedian Prison in Guangdong. In the same winter, Fujian "stole" Shen Shi into Meizhou, and he led the troops to settle down. He was called "the courage of the benevolent" by Xiaozong and was given a secret cabinet. In July of the ninth year of Xichun (1 182), her stepmother died of illness and Yang Wanli lost her job. In the 11th year of Xichun (1 184), he was discharged from the army in October, and was called to Beijing as the right lang of Shangshu, and later served as the foreign lang of the official department. In the twelfth year of Xichun (1 185), in May, besides the official department doctor, I also wrote a letter to discuss current affairs. Prime Minister Wang Huai asked him: "What is the most urgent task of the prime minister?" Yang Wanli answered with "the urgent task of talents" and listed a letter of recommendation (letter of recommendation) to recommend 60 people including Zhu. Xiaozong personally promoted him to the East Palace (Prince) to study, and Prince Zhao Dun personally presented the word "Chengzhai" to Yang Wanli. In the 13th year of Xichun (1 186), he was transferred to the Privy Council to review the details. He has served as a right doctor and a left doctor in Shangshu Province, and is still an assistant in the East Palace. In October of the fourteenth year of Xichun (1 187), he served as the secretary of Shaodu. In March of the 15th year of Xichun (1 188), Xiaozong adopted the advice of Hong Mai, a bachelor of Hanlin, and offered Lv Yihao and others as sacrifices in Gaozong Temple. Yang Wanli tried his best to cooperate with Zhang Jun, the main battle star, and criticized Hong Mai for walking without discussion, which was tantamount to "referring to a deer as a horse", thus angering Xiaozong. Xiao Zong said, "Why does Wan Li regard me as the main thing?" Therefore, the secret pavilion was broken, and Zhisi Prefecture (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi) was known. In February (1 189), Xiaozong Zen was located in Prince Zhao Dun (that is, Song Guangzong). Yang Wanli returned to the Secret Pavilion in May, was called in August and entered Beijing in September. He wrote three letters in succession, asking Guangzong to care for talents and alienate echo-men, so as to be "diligent for one day, frugal for two days, off for three days, respectful for gentlemen for four days and outspoken for five days" (the third letter). 10 month, except as a secretary supervisor. In the first year (1 190), he served as a bachelor of Huan. As an envoy of Jin Guohe, he also recorded the examination of the hospital. In August, the filial piety calendar was completed. Traditionally, Yang Wanli should preface the calendar, but Minister Tu ordered Fu Boshou, an official of the Ministry of Justice, to preface it. Yang Wanli then violated the law and dereliction of duty, requested to leave his post, and Guangzong retained it. Then, due to the book Filial Piety, Yang Wanli was supposed to contribute, but filial piety was still nostalgic, so Yang Wanli was transferred to Jiangdong as an agreement, temporarily acting as the general manager of Huaixi and Jiangdong. After living in Shao Xi for two years (1 192), the court ordered the implementation of the Tieqian Society in the counties in the south of the Yangtze River. Yang Wanli wrote a letter to remonstrate, refused to obey the imperial edict, and offended the traitor. Therefore, Yang Wanli was appointed as the magistrate of Ganzhou, requested to be appointed as the official of Ci Lu, and was awarded the secret cabinet to write and publicize the Palace of Eternal Life. In August, he returned to Kyrgyzstan on sick leave. From then on, the screen is hidden and unique. In the fifth year of Shao Xi (1 194), Guangzong Zen was located in Zhao Kuo, Song Ningzong. Ningzong acceded to the throne and called Yang Wanli to Beijing, but Yang Wanli politely refused to go. In September of the following year, Huan was promoted to Xingguo Palace. In the fourth year of Qingyuan (1 198), Yang Wanli entered Jishui County, the son of the founding of the People's Republic of China, with 500 restaurants. In the fifth year of Qingyuan (1 199), he requested to be an official because he had passed the retirement age. In March, I was promoted to Bowen Hall and allowed to become an official. In December of the following year, he entered Jianji Water County. In August of Jiatai's third year (1203), he entered Mo Bao Pavilion with a bachelor's degree and was given clothes by Ning Zongci. In the fourth year of Jiatai (1204), in the first month, Luling County was established with 300 food cities. In the first year of jubilee (1205), Ningzong called Yang Wanli to Beijing again, but he refused again. In February (1206), he died at home and was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Mo Bao Pavilion. On May 8th of the same year (/kloc-June 5th), Yang Wanli died at the age of eighty. In the first month of the third year of Jubilee (1207), Yang Wanli was posthumously awarded as Doctor Guanglu by the court. In December of the sixth year of Jiading (12 13), the court announced that Yang Wanli was named "Wen Jie". Yang Wanli is a patriot and a politician. He advocated the war of resistance and opposed kneeling for peace. In many "books", "strategies" and "miscellaneous things" written by the emperor, he lamented Chen Jiazhi's illness many times and tried his best to eliminate the mistake of surrender. His patriotism was beyond words. In the face of the ruin of the Central Plains and the fact that only half of the country is left, he pointed out: "As a country under the sun, one cannot but forget the enemy, and the worries of the world are even worse!" ("A Thousand Strategies on National Conditions") Warned the rulers not to forget to prepare the enemy, seek the enemy, and defend the enemy to win. He not only boldly criticized Xiaozong's defeat after his resignation, "the courage of the day before yesterday became timid, and the sharpness of the day before yesterday became dull" ("Thousands of Thoughts in the Road"), but also resolutely opposed some people's easy use of troops and blind rashness, and advocated "keeping and taking it" ("asking Chen Ying for a book"), striving for progress steadily, consolidating national strength first, and then recovering. He attached importance to and sympathized with the people, saying, "The people are the fate of the country and the enemy of officials." Linking the fate of the country with the people, criticizing officials will only crush the people and arouse their hatred, anger and resistance. Therefore, he reminded Guangzong to save money, accumulate wealth, win the hearts of the people, make the people rich, and then make the country peaceful and rejuvenate. This is the plan (Zhuanzi). Yang Wanli is a straightforward person with a fresh personality. Xiaozong dismissed him as "not in the law", while Guangzong called him "also full of temperament" (Volume 4 of Helin Yulu Series). Yang Wanli was upright, outspoken, critical and reckless, so he was never of great use. Throughout his life, he regarded the official wealth as a shoe and spurned it anytime and anywhere. When I was an official in Beijing, I prepared to go home from Hangzhou in advance, locked it in a box and hid it in my bedroom. My family was forbidden to keep things, so as not to leave my job and go back to my hometown with my luggage, so I had to "publicize it every day". This is in stark contrast to those who struggle for promotion and suffer from loss. Yang Wanli is an honest official, not disturbing the people, not greedy for money and things. Jiangdong transshipment agreement, should have more money, all abandoned in the official treasury, not a penny. Retired in Nanxi, a corner of the old house, just to avoid the wind and rain. At that time, the poet Ji Xu praised him as "clear as water, poor with gold" ("Vote for Yang Chengzhai"), which is a true portrayal of his poor life. The main entry of literary poetry: the poetry of Yang Wanli, the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty and Zhongxing, had a great influence at that time: "Who is in charge of poetry today, and the method of poetry is being implemented." (Jiang Teli's "Xie Yangcheng Zhai President's Sentence") "The four seas become Zhai to dominate the poetry world." (Xiang Anshi's Two Poems with Rhyme) Yang Wanli borrowed extensively from his predecessors, but he never stood still, but was determined to surpass his predecessors. He said, "I didn't know there were predecessors in the pen." ("Let the guests go home at night") and said: "I am ashamed of biographies, and screenwriters have their own romantic lives. Huang (Huang Tingjian) and Chen (ornaments) rest under the fence, while Tao (Tao Yuanming) and Xie (Xie Lingyun) go further. " (Postscript Xu Jin's Poems on a Visit to the Province) It is with this pioneering and innovative spirit that he refused to follow others' advice and finally "shed all his fur and express himself" ("Song Poetry Money Sincerity"), instead of turning all the way, becoming a unique poetic style. The beginners of Jiangxi Poetry School focus on the rhythm of words. After the age of 50, the style of poetry has changed, from imitating predecessors to imitating nature, creating his unique "sincere style" Chengzhai pays attention to the so-called "living method", that is, he is good at capturing fleeting interests and expressing them in humorous and simple language. For example, "Ba Fengbo": "Fengbo advised you to have a glass of wine, why bother to play a bad drama and shock poetry!" It fully embodies the characteristics of Chengzhai style. Yang Wanli's poems and paintings painted by Zhou Chen in the Ming Dynasty are eclectic and full of changes, including the heroic spirit of "returning to a thousand troops, dumping the Three Gorges, penetrating the heavenly heart and the moon cave" and "expressing people's feelings in a tangible way, recounting fine branches later and composing wonderful songs" (Postscript of Yang Tingxiu's Stone Man Peak by Zhou Bida). His sincere poems are characterized by novelty, strangeness, vividness, quickness and humor, and are especially famous for "beautiful circulation" (Liu Kezhuang's Preface to Jiangxi Poetry School) and "lively stabbing the bottom" (Liu Qi's Gui Qianzhi, Volume 8). Take a nap in early summer, for example: "Plum teeth are sore, and bananas divide the screens. I slept for a long time and thought mercilessly, watching children catch willow branches. " What is written with deep feelings is called "absent-minded" (Volume 4 of He Lu series). For example, two scripts and pens, "Fengbo" watching Jin Huashan on the beach of Xiaheng Mountain, and "Playing with the Moon on a Summer Night" are witty, thoughtful and have strong artistic appeal. Yang Wanli paid great attention to the advantages of learning folk songs and absorbed many lively poems of colloquial people. He often "pretends proverbs and enters from the mouth" (Jiang Hongxiang's Tang poems), thus forming a popular, simple, natural and vivid language feature. Yang Wanli left a lot of poems to express his patriotism and worries about the times. When he was the companion of He, the envoy of the State of Jin, he traveled between Huai River and Huai River and greeted the envoy of the State of Jin. He saw with his own eyes the great rivers and mountains of Song Dynasty and the original people who perished in the State of Jin, and his heart was full of great shame and indignation, so his patriotic poetry creation was the most concentrated and intense. For example, the famous quatrains on the fourth day of the Huaihe River: "The ship is far from Hongze Beach, and people are not happy to go to the Huaihe River. Why is Sanggan far away, and the north of the middle stream is the end of the world! " (a), "the ships on both sides of the strait are running, and it is also difficult to go with the flow. Only the gull warbler is free, flying from north to south "(third), singing the common feelings of patriots and the broad masses of people in a disaster-stricken country. For another example, when he saw that the Golden Hill Tunhaige had become a special place to make tea for the gold ambassador, he uttered a cry of pain: "The great river is a shame to others! The sadness of Jinshan section to others! " (Snow Ji Xiao Deng Jinshan) Whipping humiliated this incompetent little court in the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, such as The First Mountain in the Southeast of the Fetal Army, The Crime of Remembering You, Poems of Zhang Weigong, Shao Shi, Su Mu Niu and Qin Ting, etc. , or reposing the thoughts of home and country, or calling for the resumption of the Anti-Japanese War, or praising the generals who resisted gold, or satirizing traitors and traitors, are all masterpieces that directly express patriotic thoughts. Most of Yang Wanli's patriotic poems are not as bold and straightforward as Lu You's, but they suppress the surging tide in his chest and condense into a thousand layers of molten pulp underground. Most of them are profound and resentful. For example, "Crossing the Yangtze River": "Bring a bottle to draw water from the heart of the river, and try to make tea first." On the surface, it seems to be the pleasure of drinking water and frying tea by yourself, but in fact it contains deep and painful feelings of shame and indignation, which must be appreciated by climbing Jinshan with reference to snow and fog. Yang Wanli once said: "whoever talks about swallowing a moon meal is a guest. When there is trouble in it, it leads to the main heart." He not only has lyric works about scenery and mountains and moons, but also has many poems about patriotism. For example, two poems on the Zhang Yu River on the night of September 15th, if we look closely at the lack of Gui Zhi in the north and Maonan nationality in the south, without the help of two quatrains of the ancients, the quatrains of Jiutian Mingyue and jathyapple are full of twists and turns, which are meaningful and contain deep frustration and anger at the country's broken and the failure of the Central Plains. In his later years, he had a painful self-narrative in Reading Poems at Night: "Two windows and two horizontal volumes, one reading and one touching; Only in the middle of the night is it known to the eternal heart. " The profound meaning contained in his poems is worthy of careful chewing by future generations. "If my fingers don't touch mud, my hair cone will be proud?" Yang Wanli did not pretend to be a scholar-bureaucrat. He loved the countryside all his life, sympathized with the peasants and wrote many poems reflecting their lives. Such as Compassion for Peasants, Peasants' Sigh, Autumn Rain Sigh, Compassion for Drought, Dubaisha Bamboo School Song, Song of Four Seasons Dancing and Song of Transplanting, all of which have high ideological and artistic quality. Yang Wanli's poetry prose also has many excellent works. He is good at writing, good at various styles, and studied under Liu Han (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan). His works are dense, profound, elegant and meaningful, especially similar to Liu Zongyuan, and have been praised by friends and recognized by Yang Wanli. Yang Wanli, a personal work, devoted himself to writing all his life. According to legend, there are more than 20,000 poems, 4,200 existing poems, and the complete collection of poems 133 volumes, which is called Cheng Zhai Collection (including ten kinds of poems and various articles), still exists today. Yang Wenjie's poetry has forty-two volumes. There is also a book, Zhai Cheng Shi Hua, which is not devoted to poetry, but also has some literary theories. His poems are famous for Wuxi Fu and Hai Fu. There are only 15 poems written today, which are fresh and interesting, quite similar to his poems. Yang Wanli is also good at the study of the Book of Changes. He is the author of twenty volumes of Cheng Zhai Yi Jing, which has been criticized by scholars. Character evaluation: there is this character in the southeast! In addition to the preliminary appointment, two people recommend it together, and this person should be the person in charge. Zhao Shen: The courage of the benevolent. Statues of Xiang Anshi and Yang Wanli: unprecedented in the field of poetry, the new literature machine is unique today. Jiang Teli: Who is the master in today's poetry? The "Chengzhai Poetry Law" is being implemented. Zhou Bida: Chengzhai has a big chapter and a short chapter, which is made in seven steps, without changing a word. All were wiped out, knocking down the Three Gorges, penetrating the heavenly heart and threatening the moon. As for the posture of the object and writing people's feelings, the narrative is good and the music is wonderful. There is a mouth at the end of the pen and an eye in the sentence. Lu You: (1) Cheng Zhai Lao Tzu wrote a poem couplet, which made the whole world obey in one sentence. (2) The article has pricing, and the discussion is for the public. I'm not as good as Chengzhai. This comment is the same all over the world. Luo Dajing: When the dynasty was established, the discussion was quite tenable. If you ask for Zhang Jun's share, it is said that Zhu is different from Tang. This is a world event in Chu Jun's supervision of the whole country. Yan Yu: First learn Mid-levels (Wang Anshi) and Houshan (Chen Shidao), and finally learn the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. I have given up my family's health, don't make a fuss. Jie Jin: Articles can cover a lifetime, and chastity can inspire the whole world. Jiang Yikui: During the reign of Ganchun, poets called Cheng Zhai, Fan Shihu (Fan Chengda) and Lu You as great masters. Wang Fuzhi: If Zhou Bida, Wang, Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli can also be seen, then elegance and grace will be restrained, which is enough to be harmonious. Li Bi: As soon as Hu () took office, he was amazed at four places, and Yang Chengzhai was the only leader of the Poetry Federation. Ji Yun: How big is the anniversary of the founding of Wan Li? If you beg Zhang Bi to make Lv Yihao and others appreciate it and change it, you can still imagine the elegant demeanor. However, his life is famous for his poems. ..... Fang Hui's "Lv Kuimu" is called an official drama, and every episode has to be changed. Although along the last stream of Jiangxi poetry school, there are inevitably some vulgar things in the Tang Dynasty; However, talent and wisdom are very strong, and they are very rich. They were self-employed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and later there were no four spirits or Jianghu factions. ..... The poems of the Southern Song Dynasty have been passed down to this day, but Wanli and Luyou are the richest. ..... In terms of poetry, Wan Li is not as meticulous as swimming; On character, Wan Li is far away. Qian Jibo: ① The poems of the Southern Song Dynasty have been handed down to this day, but Yang Wanli and Lu You are the most abundant. Tourism is fresh and carved into a circle, which is better than that of the Soviet Union. Wanli fresh carving, but especially difficult to make a living, so it turned yellow (Huang Tingjian). ..... is an article that clearly contains dangers, lives on white customs, avoids familiarity but is not vulgar, contains modern people and carries forward the past, takes the old as the new, takes the vulgar as elegance, Huang Tingjian climbs Han Yu, and so does poetry. However, poetry is very famous. (2) Wan Li made good use of his strengths and acted recklessly; When you get bigger, you will foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, so you won't make mistakes. Lu you language is more interesting and simpler; Wan Li, hear, the effect with dismay. They are all in and out of Jiangxi, and those who want to change themselves are also famous. Qian Zhongshu: Weng Fang (Lu You) is good at writing landscapes, while Cheng Zhai is good at sketching. Let the birds fly like meticulous pictures; Chengzhai is like a quick mirror of photography. Rabbits rise and fall, kites fly around, and fish jump around, fleeting and gone. Only when you change in an instant, your eyes are sharp and your hands are agile. Son of a relative: Yang, formerly known as Shouren, whose name is Bozi,No. Dongshan, went from Fujian to Anfu as an official, also known as Fuzhou. According to historical records, the main entry of Volume 433 Biography 192 of History of Song Dynasty commemorates future generations: Yang Wanli's hometown is located in Qiantang Village, huangqiao town, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province, and is a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangxi Province. There are many cultural relics in Tang Qiu Village, and now more than 65,438+020 ancient buildings are preserved. Yang Wanli's tomb, Yang Wanli's woodcut, Nanxi Bridge and Imperial Bookstore are all well preserved. Yangwanli tomb