The original name of Water Margin is Loyal Water Margin, and its version is mainly complicated and simple. There are only two versions available in the market-100 and 120. Don't think that a lot of versions are necessarily complicated. Expert opinions are often complicated, while 120 is simple. What happened? They can speak many high-tech languages that involve description and narration. Of course, these languages have nothing to do with readers. In addition, occasionally lucky readers can see 70 copies of Water Margin, which were reviewed by Li Zhuowu and returned from 100. Now I believe that few people can see it.
Why do you want to say so many digressions? Because there is a difference between reading classical novels and reading modern novels, especially several so-called masterpieces. Version determines a lot of things in the background.
First of all, "Water Margin" is not an original work, and the copyright cannot definitely belong to this old gentleman named Shi Naian (about 1296- 1370). At present, I only prefer him. The resumes I can provide think that his name is Shi Yanduan, some are Zi 'an, and some are very famous. Naian is the name, which probably means to endure loneliness in order to study.
He is from Xinghua, Jiangsu, but his hometown is Suzhou. Mr. Shi joined the Jinshi Zhishun in two years (133 1) at the age of 36. After two years as an official in Qiantang, he abandoned his post and returned to his hometown of Suzhou to write "Water Margin", tracing old news and writing behind closed doors. In fact, he was very depressed. There is also a legend that he had contact with Zhang Shicheng, the general of the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, so later researchers did not say much.
Legend has it that Shi Naian is the son of a poor boatman. At the age of 65,438+03, I went to study in Hushuguan near Suzhou. Besides studying hard, he also read many leisure books. He was deeply impressed by the legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty, just like reading Jin Yong's Gu Long novels when we were at school. At the end of the yuan dynasty, the heroes rose together. In the face of Mongolian tyranny, Shi Daxia experienced the darkness of officialdom. Therefore, the story of Water Margin begins with the story of a rogue like Gao Qiu, followed by Liangshan heroes.
This is China's first novel in the true sense, and how well it is written is actually a matter of opinion. And now more and more people can come up with some examples to accuse Lao Shi of some abnormal psychology, and most of them have suffered emotional trauma. Wit in witnessing literature has nothing to do with morality, especially for great writers. It is important to have a humanitarian spirit. You say Stefan Zweig and Tolstoy are great writers, but so is Oscar Wilde in Brokeback Mountain. Shi Naian and Water Margin may be equally indelible. Just like Jin Ping Mei, a man's morality may be related to his achievements, but it is not an absolute causal relationship.
The Water Margin is an extension of a literati's past literary creation, which is the second reason why I said that he is not original. Needless to say, the legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty, in the Yuan Dynasty where Lao Shi lived, there were many stories about Water Margin in many Yuan zaju, for example, Li Kui jy was an idol who often appeared on the opera stage. Lao Shi used these stories, which were very good and basically formed, and finally mixed in his novels.
The Water Margin misleads readers now, which belongs to a relatively "three-level" masterpiece. The confusion of right and wrong is much more serious than his attitude towards women. In other words, the achievements of Water Margin are overestimated. In fact, it is not surprising that the story of Genji, the first novel in history, is known as a dream of red mansions of Japanese literature, which is obviously overestimated. It's not that I don't know Japanese, which demeans Murasaki shikibu's sister. Our great old Mr. Feng Zikai translated the whole story of Genji 100, but he got 60 points casually. The style of Tale of Genji leads the trend of the times, but the exploration of literary writing situation is more obvious. The Water Margin is also very similar. In this long and huge development system, the significance of this attempt obviously exceeds literature itself.
Some experts have seen the deception of Water Margin, that is, it has an exciting beginning and a sad ending, but two thirds of it is actually a dark part. Liangshan and Shui Bo are not righteous people on his banner. The justice of the Water Margin is actually questionable, but we can better reflect the truth with Jianghu habits. There are many places to analyze, such as the Mu brothers in Jieyang town, the kindness of Happy Forest, and the attack launched by Liangshan. The most classic is Sanda Zhujiazhuang. Sun made a professional analysis of these problems in Water Margin.
From a modern point of view, Water Margin is enough to be PK, and it is often described as "Li Kui jy picks up two axes and splits them like chopping melons and vegetables", which is often caught by current researchers. Art is needed to deal with problems that are not classical literature. Writing is free, just like the great Homer epic, which worships war and is full of bloody scenes. This is a pursuit of writing aesthetics, which can be regarded as naturalism, not as recognized by realistic literary theory researchers.
Why is Water Margin full of such contradictions? Such as its location.
I don't think Shi Naian actually hated the feudal dynasty. He was probably used to living in the Yuan Dynasty where the Han people were poor for decades. What he hates more is those officials who harm the bureaucratic mechanism and fish the people. So from the beginning, I wrote such a typical character named Gao Qiu, as a reason to go to Liangshan in Shui Bo, which actually laid the groundwork for the unfortunate ending behind.
From Wang Lun, Classical to Song Jiang, their behavior shows that Song Jiang is the last superior, and their skill is not to attack the state and sink the government, but to think of the interests of the imperial court. As the saying goes, the overall situation is important. Although Song Jiang's great position disgusted the pure Jianghu people, why did Song Jiang succeed? Because he entrusted the author's ideal. The possibility of Song Jiang is the possibility of the repressed author, who has always wanted to change his life and regain the trust of the court. Needless to say, Wang Lun's lewdness, classical savage taste, Song Jiang's official position, family background, and education level are all incomparable. Song Jiang's small official status is just a veil. In his mind, the ideal he has always pinned on is to serve the imperial court. The world is in the hands of officials, and the emperor is blinded by officials.
The Water Margin is one of the heroes of 108. It is a question whether this novel really brings them to life. 108 people, what kind of novel can write so many people vividly? What kind of genius would that be? As the cornerstone of China's novels, Can Water Margin accomplish such a historical task? Obviously not.
Although Li Zhi (Li Zhuowu) clearly praised excellent popular literature and art more than 0/00 years after the birth of the novel, which is of great significance for the progress of the times, Mr. Li Lao actually cares more about thoughts because he is a thinker rather than a literary critic.
Perhaps only 30 important people can be vividly described at most, and they are already suspected of flattering. Of course, Lao Shi can be accurately described as long as he looks to a certain extent, but definitely not all 108 are so excellent. This is an unavoidable truth in Water Margin. The depth of the skills described in this novel should be deserved in the sense of a great novel. The so-called teaching prostitutes and thieves can't cover up Lao Shi's writing techniques, because even if the materials are rich and varied, they will still be irreplaceable by others in the end. Lin Chong ran at night, Yang Zhi sold knives, outwitted the birth program, Song Wu killed tigers, blood spilled on the Yuanyang building, Song Jiang killed pity, and so on. It can be said that the wonderful chapters are endless, often read and often updated. After Juyi, the excitement faded. It may be that the structure of the novel has changed from a series of single-line characters to a concentrated description, because such a concentrated description will be extremely arduous even today, let alone more than 600 years ago.
From storytelling to text appreciation, Water Margin adopts an omniscient perspective, which is the tradition of China classical literature. The turning language such as Jian and Jian can be said to have solved a key problem in ancient vernacular Chinese. Because the novel also has a great achievement, that is, the vivid ancient vernacular Chinese corresponds to countless lower-class characters, which even exceeds the vague theme with conservative colors.
The Water Margin version
The originator of Shi Naian's Water Margin has long since disappeared. There are many versions of Water Margin since Ming and Qing Dynasties, which can be roughly divided into traditional version and simplified version. The difference between complexity and simplicity lies not in the plot and the characters themselves, but in the difference between rough and delicate words in narrative and description.
Copy system
(1) percentage:
1, the remnant pages were carved in the Ming and Jiajing years;
2, jiajing years printed "loyalty to the Water Margin" fragments (back to the eighth)
3. In the seventeenth year of Wanli, Yi Chou (1589) published the Water Margin of Loyalty and Righteousness in hundreds of volumes. Because of the preface signed by Daokun Wang, it was called "The Book of Foreign Ministers in Heaven".
4. In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (16 10), Rong Yutang published Critique of Mr. Li Zhuowu's Loyalty and Righteousness, which was divided into two versions: ordered version and disordered version. This is the earliest and most complete book in existence;
5. The Ming edition of Mustard Garden, Mr. Wang's criticism of Water Margin, Li Xuanbo's publication of Water Margin, and Mr. Zhong Jingbo's criticism of Water Margin, etc.
(2) One hundred and twenty copies:
1, Yuan Edition of Li Jizhong Yi Shui Hu adds the plot of Song Jiang's conquest and Wang Qing, which Baihui does not have.
(3) Seventy chapters: Jin Shengtan halved the Water Margin, cut off the contents after seventy-two chapters, and changed the first chapter into a "wedge" to form a new version, namely the Water Margin by Shi Naian, the fifth genius of Guan Huatang.
Simplified edition: In the Wanli period, Shuangfengtang published Wang Yi's Outlaws of the Marsh.
References:
/question/33 19 139 . html