The first stage (1977 to1989165438+10 month). This stage is the initial stage. Publicity and popularization, study and discussion, publication of papers, and independent development and research by relevant industrial departments and individual mining enterprises according to their own needs constitute the main activities at this stage.
After Dr. H.M.Parker, an American scholar, systematically introduced the basic concepts and contents of geostatistics to Chinese mathematical geology, exploration and mine designers, the academic activities of relevant academic professional groups in China were very active. 1in April, 1980, representatives of 10 unit read out their geostatistics research papers at the first academic conference on remote sensing geology, mathematics and geology held by Metallurgical Geology Society of China Metal Society in Guilin, Guangxi. At this meeting, the "Geostatistics Collaboration Group" of metallurgical geological system was formally established. In the following years, the number of geostatistics papers has been increasing and its position has become increasingly prominent in all previous academic conferences held by geological society of china Mathematical Geology Professional Committee, Metallurgical Geology Society of China Metal Society, Mathematical Geology, Remote Sensing Geology and Computer Professional Committee, China Nuclear Industry Research Institute, Geological Society of China Coal Society and Mining Geology and Mining Engineering Society.
At the same time, the popularization of geostatistics was carried out. Geology, metallurgy, petroleum, nuclear industry and coal industry all hold academic lectures in different forms to popularize this subject. 1980, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources has also established a research project on the application of geostatistics in reserves calculation, which is attended by the Reserves Committee of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Beijing Computing Center, Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and China Geo University (Wuhan). After four years of research, a special research report has been completed, and the Geological Bureau of the Ministry of Metallurgy has also set up a research topic of geostatistics to study the theoretical methods, program design and practical application of geostatistics. And some monographs on geostatistics have appeared: geostatistics and its application in reserves calculation (Hou Jingru, Huang Jingxian, 1982, Geological Publishing House) and Mining Geostatistics (Hou Jingru, Huang Jingxian, 1982, Metallurgical Industry Publishing House). Jiangxi Dexing Copper Mine used ordinary Kriging method to calculate copper reserves, and carried out mining design and tried in production.
During this period, academic exchanges at home and abroad were very active. Since 1978, China has sent many experts and scholars abroad to study geostatistics. For example, Professor Li from China Institute of Geology and Mineral Information of the Ministry of Geology and Minerals, Professor Wang Renze from China Geo University, Professor Hou Jing from University of Science and Technology Beijing, and Senior Engineer Wu from Nanchang Design and Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals Corporation were all sent to study in the United States, France and Germany during this period, and now they have become the leaders and backbones of this discipline. At the same time, foreign geostatistics experts are invited to give lectures and exchange in China. Academic exchanges during this period include: 1984 Geological statistician Ren Du gave a lecture in Tongling, Anhui; 1985 Professor Jin from the University of Arizona gave an academic report at the Institute of Metallurgy and Architecture; 1989 In April, Professor A.G.Journel, head of the Department of Applied Geoscience at Stanford University, gave a lecture at University of Science and Technology Beijing.
During this period, important monographs and papers on geostatistics published in China include: Geostatistics (edited by Institute of Information, Ministry of Geology, 1980), Geostatistics and Its Application in Mineral Reserves Calculation (Hou Jingru, Huang Jingxian, 1982), Mining Geostatistics (translated by Hou Jingru and Huang Jingxian, 65438) 1988), Mathematical Geological Methods and Applications (Yu Chongwen, 1980) and Geostatistics and Its Application in Reserves. With the development of academic activities at home and abroad and the progress of teaching and research in relevant departments and universities, a group of geostatistics experts have emerged, who are active in all fronts and contribute to the in-depth development and application of geostatistics in China. Such as Professor Hou Jing Ru (University of Science and Technology Beijing), Professor Zhang Shuquan (University of Science and Technology Beijing), Professor Yu Chongwen, Professor Jiang (China University of Geology (Beijing)), Senior Engineers Li and Yin Zhennan (former Ministry of Geology and Minerals), Senior Engineers (Chinese Academy of Geology), Senior Engineers Xie Xilin (former Ministry of Geology and Minerals) and Professor Wang Renduo. Professor Dao [China Geo University (Beijing)], Senior Engineer Chen Renkuan (Beijing Nonferrous Metallurgy Design and Research Institute), Professor Tang Changjun (Chengdu University of Technology), Professor Chen Bimao (Chengdu University of Technology), Senior Engineer Huang Jingxian (Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute), Senior Engineer Xue Yuxuan (Geological Bureau of Nuclear Industry Corporation), Professor Wang Jiahua and Professor Li Xinggao of Petroleum Institute. Senior Engineer (Geological Research Institute of Armed Police Gold Command), Senior Engineer Wu (Jiangxi Nonferrous Metals Design and Research Institute), Qin (Shaanxi Coalfield Geological Exploration Company 186 Team) and later professors Huang Yong (Jiangxi Huimaike Technology Development Company), Dr. Xiang Yongsheng (Armed Police Gold Command) and Dr. Sun (Mineral Resources Reserve Evaluation Center of Ministry of Land and Resources).
To sum up, this stage has three obvious characteristics:
1) The research and design units of universities and related industry departments are the main body of activities, and publicity, academic exchanges and research and application activities are mainly carried out within this scope. Some experts, professors and senior professional technicians in geology, geophysical exploration, mathematics and mathematical geology have become the main force of geostatistics. Hou Jingru and Huang Jingxian have held many geostatistics classes for the relevant units of production departments such as the Ministry of Metallurgy.
2) In the research of geostatistics theory and method, ordinary kriging method is the main method, and universal kriging method, lognormal kriging method and factor kriging method are also studied. Linear geostatistics is the theme of this stage. Nonlinear geostatistics, nonparametric geostatistics, multivariate geostatistics and other theoretical fields are rarely involved.
3) In terms of application, mainly on the basis of study, relevant units and relevant professionals do sporadic research and application in combination with their own work. Basically, it is exploratory development and application, with great randomness, weak purpose and lack of systematic arrangement. In the field of geological work, it is mostly used in geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration, remote sensing data processing and prospecting prediction. Other fields are less involved.
1989165438+10 held the first national symposium on geostatistics in October, marking the arrival of the second stage of geostatistics development.
The second stage (1989 1 1 to 1995 1). At this stage, it began to shift from development research and academic exchange activities to production practice, combining with geological exploration and mine production. During this period, many important events appeared, which promoted the combination of geostatistics and production practice.
1) 1990 10 Combined with the oil field, Xi 'an Petroleum Institute successfully developed the kriging drawing system, processed the data of Niuzhuang Oilfield and drew several geological maps.
2)199065438+In February, the Gold Geology Research Institute of the Armed Police Gold Command (hereinafter referred to as "the Command") completed the application and development research of the national seventh five-year plan project-the geological exploration command system software. 199 1 1 The former State Planning Commission passed the project appraisal. The software (GEOLOG) was developed by Canadian International Geological Technology Corporation (IGC). After the headquarters purchased the English software on 1986, it was completely developed in Chinese by the Armed Police Gold Geological Institute. The certified Chinese versions of CGLS, CGES and GEOLOG English original software have been approved by China Software Registration Center, and software copyright certificates have been issued. The reserves calculation system in the system software provides ordinary kriging method, pan kriging method and inverse distance method of geostatistics. The Institute of Gold Geology of the Armed Police Force calculated the reserves of Wazidian Gold Mine in Pingquan County, Hebei Province, Xiadianyan Gold Mine in Zhaoyuan City, Shandong Province, Houyan Gold Mine in Qixia County, Xin 'anjiang placer gold mine in Yantai City, Shandong Province and Waijiahe placer gold mine, and obtained satisfactory results. In this process, three training courses on Kriging and CGES software were held, and more than 60 software users were trained.
3) 199 1 In August, the leading group of the solid mineral exploration and evaluation automation system project of the Ministry of Geology and Minerals (this project is a cooperative project between China and the United Nations Development Programme) held a study class on "Geo-statistical environmental evaluation software (GE-OEAS, developed by Stanford University, USA)" in Beijing to popularize the application of geo-statistics in the exploration and evaluation of solid minerals. Ms. B teaches the principle of geostatistics and the use of GEO-EAS software .. American geostatistician LGibbs. At the same time, the State Mineral Reserve Administration (the predecessor of the State Mineral Resources Committee) held a short-term training course on geostatistics in Beijing, and Professor D.E.Myers of Arizona University taught the principles of geostatistics and GEO-EAS software. The two training courses mentioned above were attended by technical and professional backbones of Geology and Mineral Resources Departments (bureaus) of 27 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and 18 provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) storage committees.
GEO—EAS software consists of several independent programs, such as data file management, data variable conversion, univariate statistical calculation, variogram analysis, cross-validation, Kriging calculation, isoline drawing, sample distribution diagram, linear regression and scatter diagram. Used for environmental assessment (two-dimensional ordinary kriging method).
4)1991June 10, the state mineral reserves administration held a seminar in Wuhan to improve the quality of mineral geological exploration reports. At the meeting, Professor Yin Zhennan, a senior engineer of the State Mineral Reserves Administration, gave a special lecture on geostatistics and reserves calculation. The students come from the basic geological units of more than 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in geology, warehousing, metallurgy, chemical industry, armed police gold command, coal, nuclear industry, building materials and other industrial systems. The vast majority of geological and technical personnel come from the front line of the field.
5)1From June 5438 to June 654381992, the State Administration of Mineral Reserves issued the Notice on Actively Supporting the Application of Computer Technology in the Report of Mineral and Groundwater Reserves to the mineral reserves administrations, mineral reserves management offices, mineral reserves committee offices and oil and gas special committees of the State Reserve Committee [State Reserve (1992 The "Notice" clearly affirmed that new reserve calculation theory, method and computer technology can be adopted in the report of mineral and groundwater reserves. In fact, this is an affirmation of submitting geological exploration report by using geostatistics to calculate mineral reserves, which played a positive role in popularizing geostatistics reserves calculation method at that time.
6) On June 65438+June 65438+1October 65438+March 3, led by the State Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 3 1 Industry management departments, scientific research institutes and universities set up the "Geostatistics Application Coordination Group", and adopted the organizational brief of the Geostatistics Application Coordination Group and199.
7)1In April, 1993, with the support of the State Mineral Reserves Committee, the Shaanxi Provincial Mineral Reserves Administration organized a review and passed the geological exploration reserve report of Jialu Gold Mine in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province submitted by the 14th Gold Detachment of the National Armed Police Gold Command. This report is the first reserve report submitted by using geostatistical reserve calculation method and software system in China, and it is the first pioneering achievement that geostatistical reserve calculation method is directly used in geological exploration and production.
8)1August, 1993, the Sino-French cooperation project "Application of Geostatistics in Evaluation of Mineral Resources and Reserves in China" was approved by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources. The organizer of this project is the Office of the State Mineral Reserves Committee (formerly the State Mineral Reserves Administration). The project expert group is headed by Professor Yin Zhennan, and the project participants include Dexing Copper Mine, Armed Police Gold Command and University of Science and Technology Beijing.
9)1In April, 1995, the Office of the State Mineral Reserves Committee organized a review and passed the Geological Report on the Second Exploration of Diaoquan Silver and Copper Mine in Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province (submitted by Team 3 12 of the Third Geological Exploration Bureau of the Ministry of Metallurgy). At the same time, the "three-dimensional ordinary Kriging program system" provided by the Geology Department of University of Science and Technology Beijing was launched. The "program system" includes three parts: database, reserve calculation and drawing.
10) The National Natural Science Foundation has also contributed to the development of geostatistics in China. Professor Hou Jingru's scientific research project "Theoretical analysis of multivariate nonparametric geostatistics and its application in metal deposits" (1990~ 1992) was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The project is in a leading position in the theory and application of geostatistics in China, and has passed the appraisal of the Ministry of Metallurgy. In 1993, another project, "Theoretical Analysis and Application of Geostatistics with Spatial and Temporal Multi-geological Information" (1993~ 1995) was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. These two scientific research achievements are included in their monograph "Theory and Application of Statistical Prediction of Mineral Deposits and Geostatistics" (Metallurgical Industry Press, 1994). According to the present situation of geostatistics development and the continuous expansion of geostatistics research content, Professor Hou Jingru suggested that geostatistics should be extended to the statistics of spatial information, and the course of spatial information statistics was set up for undergraduates and postgraduates of University of Science and Technology Beijing. In addition, Professor Hou Jingru successfully applied some geostatistics theories to the key scientific research project of the Ministry of Metallurgy, "Metallogenic regularity and resource evaluation of high-quality manganese ore around the Yangtze Platform and its adjacent areas", which won the special prize of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of Metallurgy 1997.
11)199510 In October, the office of the State Mineral Reserve Committee sent a report to the offices of the mineral reserve committees of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), the oil and gas special committee of the State Reserve Committee, the geological bureaus of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), the Geological Bureau of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, the Geological Bureau of China National Nuclear Corporation, and the Geological Bureau of China National Nuclear Industry Corporation. This "Trial Opinions" is a technical normative document on the application of geostatistical methods and techniques when the competent department reviews the geological exploration reserve report. It indicates that geostatistics, an advanced theory and technology, has matured and been recognized by the state in China, and has its own position in practical technical methods and application fields. This indicates that the third stage of geostatistics development has arrived.
The third stage (1995 10 till now). At this stage, geostatistics was established as a technical regulation from the Trial Opinions on the Outline of Applying Geostatistics to Submit Geological Exploration Report issued by the Office of the State Mineral Reserves Committee, and under the guidance of the government management department of mineral resources, it entered the stage of in-depth development of survival and competition in the mining market.
The characteristics of this stage are:
1) The emergence of geostatistics technical regulations has established the technical position of geostatistics technical methods in China's mining field.
2) To meet the needs of production practice, the theoretical research of geostatistics is more in-depth, involving more extensive methods and principles, and the overall theoretical level is close to the international level. In addition to ordinary kriging, non-stationary linear geostatistics, nonparametric geostatistics, multivariate geostatistics and spatio-temporal multi-information geostatistics, which are the frontiers of geostatistics, have been deeply studied in recent years.
3) Substantial breakthrough in application. Using geostatistics to submit geological exploration results and develop mines has been accepted by production departments, and it has become a practical application method of geological exploration, oil field and mine development, which is more and more closely combined with production practice.
4) In order to meet the needs of production, software systems suitable for domestic production have been developed and launched one after another. The theoretical research of geostatistics and the corresponding software development are carried out at the same time, which promotes the in-depth application of geostatistics. For example, the mine development system of Kriging technology in Dexing Copper Mine, the Kriging drawing system KMS of Xi 'an Petroleum Institute, the geological exploration system software of the Armed Police Gold Geology Institute, the three-dimensional ordinary Kriging program system (3OK) of the Department of Geology of University of Science and Technology Beijing, the three-dimensional collaborative Kriging program system (3DCOK) and the indicator Kriging program system (92DIK), and the KPX2.0 software system of the Ministry of Geology and Minerals. And after 2004, domestic private mining enterprises developed rapidly, and powerful private enterprises began to develop their own geostatistical software for the development of mining enterprises, such as DIMINE software of Jin Chengxin Mining Engineering Company and Zijin Mining Company. The development and application of geostatistics software system promotes the application of geostatistics in practice.
5) Geostatistics technology has been understood and accepted by the vast number of geological prospecting mining enterprises, and has been widely concerned and understood in the mining market.
6) The foreign geostatistics software system entered the mining market in China and was recognized by the Reserves Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China. It has its own position in China mining market, and has begun to play an increasingly important role. At the same time, well-known foreign geostatistics software companies (such as Surpac, Dat-Amine, Gemcom, Micromine, etc. ) began to set up branches or offices in China to compete with each other. According to incomplete statistics, the sales volume of their software products in China mining market has reached 500~ 1000 units, occupying an absolute share in China mining market.
7) With the entry of foreign geostatistics software companies into China, geostatistics software has been applied more and more, and its application scope in the mining field is also expanding. For example, in the aspects of ore reserve modeling, exploration grid determination, mine development design, ore grade optimization control, reserve calculation, mineral resources reserve value evaluation, mineral resources prediction and so on.