Li Qingzhao is a layman in Yi 'an, and the word "Yi 'an" comes from the sentence "Yi 'an on the knee" in Gui Xi Ci. I wonder if Li Qingzhao likes reading this article because she was influenced by her father since she was a child.

Xi is widely used in Yuan and Ming Ci, which is the characteristic of Chu Ci. So many people think that the return of Yuan and Ming Dynasties came from Chu Ci. But it is far from the style of Chu Ci. Zhu advised:

"Going home" refers to Yi _ San Xiao. Although he supported the voice of Chu, he had no complaints about diseases and copper cutting. Giving meaning is practical, and Chinese is better than Chinese.

Sun Feng also said when commenting on Min Qihua's Notes on Selected Works in Ming Dynasty:

The style of Li Sao is also based on Chu Ci, but Li Sao is restricted by this contract, and Li Sao is genuine. Its beauty lies in that there is no unreal language and no unrefined language. In short, it became an interest in berthing. Although it is not an article, it can be called a product.

They don't think Yuan Ming's words are "articles to be done". They may say that Yuan Ming has studied Chu Ci, but he doesn't like it. However, the difference in learning does not mean that learning is not good. What Liu Xizai said in the Qing Dynasty is very appropriate:

There is no need to learn from your club, but they all have their own characteristics. They all know that "true antiquity" is different from "antiques".

Why is there such a big difference in artistic conception and style between Fu Jian and Gui Qu Lai Xi Ci? Lin Yunming's analysis in Qing Dynasty is in place:

The syllables are delicate, sad and harmonious. Gailing is a Chu nationality, so it is best to keep a pair of warm sausages. Lyna is an old man in Jin Dynasty, leaving a pair of cold eyes to escape from this world. One is a dustpan, and the other is Iraq, which are different.

Spirit refers to Qu Yuan. Lin Yunming thinks that Qu Yuan is a relative of Chu, just like Ji Zi and Bi Gan in the late Shang Dynasty. He can only choose to serve his country, not abdicate. Like Uncle Boyi, Yuan chose not to cooperate with the new regime.

Why is this article called Return? Lin Yunming believes that Tao Yuanming's leaving Pengze means "going back" and returning to Nancun means "going back". Mao Qingfan also adopted this statement in the first edition of China Ancient Prose: "When you return to officialdom, you will go home, so you will come back." But nowadays, most scholars think that "lai" is a function word and a modal particle, which has no practical significance.

Not too short. For those who have read long articles, Jin Shengtan has an idea:

The long articles of the ancients are all accumulated by short articles, that is to say, they are not long, but they are all four sentences. If you try to read paragraph by paragraph, you will know that reading paragraph by paragraph has its own advantages, and those who come from the ancients without long articles will be great. The beauty of a long article is that it has short ears in the middle. "

Then you can taste Xi paragraph by paragraph in four sentences. You may not feel bored. But four sentences a paragraph, this is too broken. Rhyme, five rhymes in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, that is, Yuan and Ming Dynasties divided this article into five rhymes. Now some books choose Back to Xi Word, which is divided into four sections. The first part and the second part don't rhyme. The first paragraph just says, "I don't think today is yesterday." Perhaps the editor felt that he had mentioned the psychology of seclusion from the beginning, and the following specific recluse behavior began with the review of Wenguidian. But according to the deep rhyme, the first paragraph is from the beginning to the first ray of light, which is about Peng Ze's mood and views on his way home. The next "Pursuit of Balance", he saw his home, which is naturally another paragraph. However, although the rhymes of "let young people enter the house, make the wine profitable and respect them" and "introduce a pot, make your own decisions and taste it yourself" have changed, they are still closely related in meaning, so we merged into one paragraph. Because many people can recite this article, I can't explain it in words. Combining with the original text, it is enough to mention the representative comments of the ancients.

Xi, will the countryside destroy Hu Bugui? Since serving attentively, Xi has been a person depressed and sad! If you realize that no one has advised you in the past, you can go after those who know about it; Actually, I'm not lost either. I don't think today is yesterday. The ship is far away in the light, and the wind blows the clothes. I asked my husband before, I hate the morning light.

For the opening word "Hui Xi", the article used it twice, and the last paragraph began with "Death". In Qing Dynasty, Wu Qi analyzed its function in the final edition of Gui Qu Lai Xi Ci. He said, "'passed away'. Change "Back to Xi" to "Back to Xi". Before being covered, it was like a dream; As for not coming back for a long time, I'm afraid I dream instead of sleeping, and then use the phone; Haven't seen you for a long time. This is not a dream. Don't call' come back'. As long as you use' already stunned', you will never feel bored. '

As for "will the countryside be embarrassed", Lin Yunming said: "The word' pastoral' at the beginning of the article is the whole program." Wu Qi also said: "The word' animal husbandry' is two pillars." Why do you say "pastoral" is two pillars? Because the second paragraph is about going home and writing "Garden", and the third paragraph is about Xi Nong and writing "Tian".

For the two sentences of "taking the heart as a service, being sad and being sad alone", Song thinks that "it is this ancient enlightenment. If people can use these two sentences, there will be additional sources. " The so-called "source book" means that no matter whether you are an official or a hermit, your mind will be peaceful. Regarding the origin of Yuanmingyuan, Qiu Jiasui in Qing Dynasty thought that the meaning of this article was that he wanted to escape from the chaos of officialdom in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, and he thought that gold would die. He thinks that many words in this article have this meaning. [Note 2]

Chi WU thinks this is the brain of the whole article. He said: "The whole article mainly focuses on' knowing the present, not knowing yesterday'." This makes sense, because "today is" means retirement, and "yesterday was not" means holding an important position. This sentence is not only the brain of this article, but also a watershed in his life.

Just like looking at a house, there is a lot of happiness. Welcome waiter. Three roads lead to famine, but pine trees and chrysanthemums still exist. If you bring your children into the house, there will be bottles full of wine. When you drink water from the jar, you can see that the court is satisfied with your face. Leaning against the south window to send lofty sentiments, watching the knees and remembering peace. The garden is an interesting day, although the door is closed. The policy is to help the elderly rest through actions, correct them first, and observe the distant scene. Clouds can't bear to show their light; The bird is flying wearily, and I don't know if it has come back. The scene was covered by clouds, allowing the enemy to come in, and the lonely people stayed with relief.

Zhu was quoted as saying that this article is "practical and meaningful, while Chinese is comparable", which means that this article is mainly narrative and occasionally metaphorical. This second paragraph is in line with Zhu's exposition. For example, "the clouds don't want to go out of the hole" means to leave home to be an official, and "the birds are tired of flying back to the garden" means to be tired of officialdom. At the same time, Yuan Ming also used a similar metaphor: "Birds like ancient forests, and pond fish will think about the past." Ye Mengde in Song Dynasty commented on the word "unintentional cloud": "This Tao Yuanming originated from triumph. He has such a situation in his chest and cannot say this. "

As for the "solitary pine" at the end of this paragraph, Yuan Wu Shidao's Selected Poems of the Six Dynasties said: "It depends on your own situation. People only know Weng Tao Ai Ju, but I don't know this. " . "Quiet glory touches solitary pine, lingering" depicts the lonely pine at dusk in Yuanmingyuan. The sun is usually the symbol of the emperor, while the sunset is the symbol of the decline of the dynasty; Pine is a dying tree. It is always used as a metaphor for a loyal and disciplined person. Therefore, people can easily associate these images with their worries about the demise of the Jin Dynasty and their determination to become adherents of the Jin Dynasty at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. Although we don't want to bring this attachment, judging from Yuan Ming's background and his time, he probably had this idea.

Then go home and come back. Please stop traveling. The world is the opposite of mine. How to find the answer? Yue lover's sweet words can relieve troubles. The farmer told Yichun that something was going to happen in the west. Or a lifebuoy, or a lifeboat. Seek life gently and gracefully, but also be bold and unrestrained. Trees are lush and springs are flowing. When everything is fine, I feel that my life journey is over.

Tao Yuanming is a person who attaches great importance to family and friendship. He also likes playing the piano and reading books. Therefore, this passage, "Love the person you love, and Le Shu will let go of her troubles", deserves special attention. Wu Hanfen thought that Tao Yuanming's poems about Zhou Yan made people want to live forever. Without the word "inviting relatives", we would all doubt the "narcissism" of Yuanmingyuan. Note 3 That is to say, it is precisely because Yuan Ming's human feelings are particularly heavy that he is not the kind of heartless and aloof hermit, nor the kind of immortal who does not have enough to eat.

As for why Yuanmingyuan suddenly "feels that his life journey is over" when everything is fine, please see Who will come back below.

Qing dynasty poetry

I won't resent you any more! How long do you need to stay or stay healthy? Hu Weiwei has as much money as he wants. Prosperity is not my wish, Di Xiang can't wait. The best time to conceive is to walk alone or implant crutches. Write poems with Deng. Take this opportunity to go back to the end, the fate of a happy husband is after Xi's suspicion!

It is easy to understand that' wealth is not my wish', which is different from the sentence' the land of kings cannot be expected'. The word "emperor's hometown" refers to a fairyland on earth, which comes from Xia Lu's words: "Chitose is tired of the world, and the fairy gets white clouds." As for the hometown of the emperor. " But in ancient times, many people thought that the word "emperor" was a pun, obviously referring to immortals and alluding to Jin emperors. Then "the land of emperors" means "the golden royal family" or "the golden political group". It can be said that this is not impossible, but if this sentence only refers to "immortality", because many of Tao Yuanming's poems have this meaning, such as "I don't have Hua Teng's technique" in the poem Wulibu. Since Tao Yuanming didn't have the skill of Hua Teng, Guangxi Xi Ci was naturally unexpected.

As for the word "return to the end", Wu Qi thinks that one is the end of Yuan Dynasty and the other is the end of Jin Dynasty. Moreover, he believes that it is precisely because of Tao Yuanming's loyalty that Zhu's Zhuangzi Heaven and Earth recorded the death of a hermit as a historical memorabilia, and this person is Tao Yuanming.

In Qing dynasty, Fang Zongcheng read ghosts and ghosts in combination with the first and last sentences to explain the profoundness of life.

"Take the heart as a service, take pleasure in sorrow, and enjoy being alone", that is to say, Mencius' original intention is to follow his own small body. How long does it take to keep fit? In a general sense. "When it comes to riding, I have the honor to answer questions at the end", that is, the gentleman's intention is to relax in his own life, not to be complacent.

What do you mean by "from its small body" and "from its whole body"? Two sentences in:

: "Jun is a human being. What is it, whether from his average or his small body? "

Mencius said, "If an official gives money without thinking, it is just a reward. Thinking, thinking, getting, not thinking, nothing. Those who are with me today, stand on the big platform first, and the little one can win. This is just an adult. "

Zi Gong asked Mencius, "They are human beings, some are gentlemen, and some are villains. What is the reason? " Mencius said: "A gentleman needs important organs of the body, while a villain needs secondary organs of the body." Du Zi asked why. Mencius said: "organs such as ears and eyes can't think, and they are often blinded by foreign objects." Foreign objects are different and interact with each other, resulting in the loss of these organs. The function of the brain is to think. You can get it through thinking, but you can't get it through thinking that this organ was specially given to us by God. So this is an important organ, which must be established first, so the second organ can't take away this kindness. So he became a gentleman. " "Easy-going" and "safety" are both imperial capitals;

A gentleman just walks around his place and doesn't want to go out. Wealth and glory; And ordinary poverty, poverty and poverty; Plain first, go to Italy first; Get into trouble, get into trouble. A gentleman is not complacent. At the top, no resentment, at the bottom, no help. No complaints, no people. So the life of a gentleman is easy, and the villain is willing to take risks.

The important attitude towards Confucian life "enough is enough" comes from this passage. The general idea of this passage is that a gentleman should do what he should do in his current position and not be jealous of anything else. If you have money, you must act according to the principle of money; Poverty follows the principle of poverty; As a minority, you should act according to the principle of being a minority; When you encounter difficulties, you should act according to the principle of difficult times. Therefore, a gentleman can calmly deal with it under any circumstances. A gentleman in a high position will not bully his subordinates; A gentleman has a low status and will not flatter his boss. He just corrected his mistakes and didn't ask others, so the teacher won't incur resentment. Gentlemen don't complain, villains don't complain. Therefore, the gentleman is in a very ordinary position, waiting for the arrival of fate; Little people desperately look for things they don't deserve.