The Tang Dynasty is the largest and only unified Central Plains dynasty without the Great Wall. The territory of the Tang Dynasty surpassed that of modern China in both the west and the north. After the attack and destruction of the East Turkic and Xue Yantuo in the Tang Dynasty, the Emperor of Heaven was honored as Tiankhan by all the nationalities in Siyi. He also used the detention system to recruit Turks, Uighurs, Tiele, Khitan, Mohong and Shiwei to attack enemy countries, so that Nanzhao, Silla, Bohai and Japan could learn their own cultural and political systems. In the Tang Dynasty, science, technology, culture, economy and art were diversified, and a large number of famous poets and painters emerged, such as Li Bai, poet Du Fu, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan, painters Wu Daozi and Li Sixun, and musician Li Guinian. The culture of the Tang Dynasty was eclectic, accepted the exchange and study of people from all over the world, and formed an open international culture.
The Tang Dynasty and the Arab Empire at that time were tied as the most powerful empires in the world, and their reputation spread far and wide overseas, and they had contacts with Asian and European countries. After the Tang Dynasty, overseas people called China a Tangren.