Warring States period: the population broke through 10 million.

Han dynasty: the population broke 50 million

Sui Dynasty: The population broke 50 million.

Tang Dynasty: The population broke 50 million.

Northern Song Dynasty: The population broke 46 million.

Ming dynasty: the population broke 70 million

Kangxi 6 1 in the Qing dynasty: the population exceeded 100 million, and the population in the late Qing dynasty reached 430 million.

1953: population 6. 1 100 million.

1982: The population has exceeded one billion.

In 2020, the population will exceed1400 million.

From 100000 years to100000 years, it took1000 years.

100000 to100000, used in 2000.

From 1 billion to 1 billion, it took 160 years.

It took 38 years from 654.38+0 billion to 654.38+0.4 billion.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the Yellow turban insurrectionary and warlord separatist regime, the world once again fell into a melee situation, coupled with the drought and plague during the Huanling period, the population size plummeted again. The Yellow Scarf Uprising began in A.D. 184, and the Three Kingdoms was formed in A.D. 220. During this period, 60% of the population became extinct. At the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, the official population was about 6.5438+million, but this figure was registered population. In fact, in the late Han and Three Kingdoms periods, a large number of people chose to hide their household registration in order to escape the war, and the scale of these people who left their household registration may be larger than that of the registered population. In order to solve this problem, Sima Yan has also carried out special reforms and formulated a "household registration model" to attract people to return home from land and tax policies.

At the beginning of the 4th century, the population of the Western Jin Dynasty was about 35 million, but it was quickly divided into north and south by the Eight Kings Rebellion, and the north entered the Sixteen Kingdoms period, during which the famous "five wild flowers" appeared in history. Among them, when the former Yan Murong regime was wiped out by Fu Jian, it captured 157 county and 1579 county, with a population of less than1000000. We should know that this regime covers today's North China Plain, the Central Plains, Shandong and western Liaoning, and it is a densely populated area, and10000000 also includes millions of people from Xianbei, Qiang and Jie ethnic minorities.

Before the May 4th Movement, there were about 24.5 million Han people in the northern part of the Western Jin Dynasty. It is said that the government led the people to move south, but in fact, the population migration in the plain is not so mobile at all. The gentry group occupied favorable resources and could easily flee, while ordinary people stayed in the north, so the population plummeted mainly by the Han nationality. Therefore, in the population statistics of the Southern Dynasties, it is generally around several million, which is the evidence that the Western Jin regime ignored the people in the north. The population size of the Northern and Southern Dynasties slowly recovered with the unification of the Sui Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yang Di the Great (609), the total population of the whole country exceeded 45 million, which was the peak of the population scale in the Sui Dynasty.

However, Yang Di was overjoyed, building Luoyang, the eastern capital, building the Grand Canal and levying Koguryo. These large-scale projects and military activities are all transitioning to population consumption. Coupled with the Sui and Wei rebellions and peasant uprisings, the population has leapt again by more than 50%. According to Tongdian Foodstuffs, the number of households in China dropped from more than 8.9 million in the five years of Daye to more than 2 million in the period of Emperor Wu of Tang Gaozu. Of course, there are also black households who recruit to avoid exorbitant taxes and wars, but if 50% of them are black households, the population in the early Tang Dynasty will not exceed 20 million.

The Tang Dynasty is regarded as the most prosperous dynasty in ancient China, which experienced the rule of Zhenguan and Kaiyuan, with 755 AD as the node. Prior to this, the population size of the Tang Dynasty increased to about 90 million, which was another peak of the ancient population size of China. However, after the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty entered a period of "population collapse", which lasted for more than half a century, with a population of only about 20 million to 30 million. There is a simple reason. After the formation of the separatist regime in the buffer region, local festivals made the population control more strict, because it was related to the interception of fiscal and taxation by festivals and the expansion of the army, so the population statistics of the central court were too watery.

The Anshi Rebellion itself did not affect the population as much as 50 million to 60 million, which only represented the gradual decline of the control of the Tang court over the local government. By the end of the Tang dynasty, the decline of this control power hardly needed to be concealed, and the financial interception of the buffer region was already blatant at the end of the Tang dynasty. At this time, local taxes are divided into three parts: staying in the state, sending history and paying tribute. Staying in the state means that the local government intercepts part of it for administrative expenses; Delivery refers to the part intercepted by the local governor; Going to work is the part that is finally turned over to the state treasury. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the proportion of tributes in many areas was less than one tenth, and some buffer regions had to send some tributes to the Tang government even if they paid taxes. Therefore, it is meaningless to conceal the population. This is the "recovery" phenomenon of population size in Tang Wenzong and Tang Wuzong, and the registered population has recovered to nearly 50 million.

With the outbreak of the Huang Chao Uprising, the chaos of Five Dynasties and Ten Countries began, which is another long-term stage of population decline. From the mutiny in Chen Qiao, Song Taizu to the collapse of separatist regimes in southern China, such as Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang, after the reunification of most parts of the country, the registered population was about 30 million. Since the reign of Emperor Taizong, the social economy of the Northern Song Dynasty has developed rapidly, and it has also ushered in a stage of sustained population growth. The population of Song Huizong Pass has exceeded 654.38 billion (including the population of Liao, Jin and Xia in China).

"Every state plays with accounts at the age of four, with a mouthful of rice, and her husband is twenty or sixty years old." -"History of Food Goods in Song Dynasty"

However, the war between the Song Dynasty led to a sharp drop in population, but since then the population of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty has increased. /kloc-At the beginning of the third century, the total population of the Song, Jin, Xixia, Dali and other ethnic minorities exceeded1.200 million. With the destruction of gold and Xixia by Mongolia, it caused unprecedented catastrophe again, and the population loss in the north was as high as 80%, leaving only 6.5438+million people. The population was about 60 million at the time of Yuan reunification, and it increased to about 85 million in the middle of14th century.

The end of the Yuan Dynasty also experienced natural and man-made disasters. The Yellow River flooded many times, which led to the food crisis in the north. Because the southern peasant uprising occupied the grain-producing areas and controlled the southern coastline, the Yuan Dynasty could not transport grain to the north, so hunger and disease swept the whole northern region. After the separatist regime in the south, the population decline was accelerated. By the early Ming Dynasty, the registered population in China was less than 60 million. The registered statistics refer to the Yellow Book of the Ming Dynasty, while the Yellow Book of the Household Department only counts civilian households and craftsmen, that is, the regular population, excluding military households and professional households. If you add special native places such as military households in the early Ming Dynasty, it should be more than 65 million.

In the Wanli period, according to the statistics of the Yellow Book of the Ministry of Housing, it was still around 60 million, which became a controversial place for modern scholars. Many scholars believe that the introduction of foreign high-yield crops, namely sweet potato and corn, solved the problem of eating, and then the population soared. They even think that the population will exceed 200 million in the Wanli period. I am conservative about this, because it is a long process from the introduction of crops to large-scale promotion, and the population of Qing Dynasty is more likely to skyrocket.

We all know that natural disasters in the late Ming Dynasty are extremely rare in history, and many people classify it as the coldest one in the Little Ice Age, so in the northern region, drought and plague greatly reduced the population. Coupled with the internal friction of the peasant army and the looting of the Great Wall by the Qing army, the population decreased by about 40% in the late Ming Dynasty. Many historians believe that when the Qing army entered Beijing, there were still 60 million people in the whole south, so it can be judged that the total population at the end of the Ming Dynasty should be around 654.38+0 billion. According to the statistics of the twelve years of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, the national unification war was still going on, and the population at this time was about 65.438+0.4 billion, while the population of Manchuria and Mongolia was not much. The statistics of Han people here are mainly based on the rapid development after the stability of the north.

During the reign of Kangxi, the war of national reunification basically ended, and the population size has exceeded 200 million. At this time, there is reason to believe that the promotion of foreign crops has been able to feed more people. But all the above are the inferences of modern scholars. According to the statistics of the Qing government, it is almost 10 times worse than this figure, which has a lot to do with tax collection by local officials. In the early Qing dynasty, officials often concealed the declaration of population, which was the most direct form of corruption. Because the Qing dynasty inherited the salary system of the Ming dynasty, officials were so poor that they tried their best to get money from the state treasury.

Kangxi once discovered this problem, so he carried out tax reform-frankly! The slogan is "nurturing people and never giving them money". The reason why this policy promotes population growth is that local officials no longer need to hide it. Therefore, from Yongzheng to Qianlong, the population calculated by the government directly exceeded 1 .200 million from1100 million. Emperor Qianlong was also curious about where these people came from. Then it overthrew the previous census method of reporting step by step, and ordered a thorough investigation of the population under the vertical management of the central court based on the Baojia system. This is the real feudal society census, not the "Dingkou" census. After Jiaqing, almost all the registered population in the Qing Dynasty remained above 300 million, which is not only the credit of exotic crops, but also the reliable data of scientific census.

There is a special figure in history, that is, the 450 million compensation agreed in the Xin Chou Treaty. It is said that the powers made each citizen pay one or two yuan, which means that the powers thought that the population of the Qing Dynasty was 450 million in 1900, which was still different from the statistics of the Qing government. However, the statement that every citizen has to pay one or two yuan has not been proved, so there is no need to discuss it.

To sum up, the change of population size in past dynasties was greatly influenced by natural and man-made disasters as a whole, and influenced by government policies, the phenomenon of leaving household registration and becoming black households was widespread. The feudal court will also adjust its policies in a timely manner to attract people to return home. Of course, it was the most successful time of the Qing Dynasty, which successfully changed the ancient demographic model and made Dingkou a thing of the past. Exotic high-yield crops have a great influence on the soaring population. As the saying goes, food is the most important thing for the people. Only by solving the problem of eating can the population base grow steadily and rapidly.