Yue Fei (1103-11) was a military strategist in the Southern Song Dynasty. Word Ju Peng, Xiangzhou Tangyin (now Henan) people. When I was young, I studied hard and learned well, and became an excellent martial artist. /kloc-joined the army at the age of 0/9 to fight against Liao. Not long after his father died, he retired and went back to his hometown to observe filial piety. 1 126, the Jin army marched into the central plains, and Yue Fei joined the army again, from then on, he began his career of resisting the Jin army. It is said that when Yue Fei left, his mother tattooed the words "loyal to the country" on his back.
After Yue Fei joined the army, he soon dared to promote Yi Lang because he was brave and good at fighting. Not long after, Jin Jun broke the seal, captured Huidi and Qin Di, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. The following year, Zhao Jian established the Southern Song Dynasty, and Yue Fei went to Shu Gaozong to recover lost ground and was dismissed. Not long after, I stayed in Dongjing to keep Zong Ze, keep India, and turned to Wu Gonglang, with outstanding military achievements. After Zong Ze's death, he stayed in Tokyo and Du Chongnan.
After three years of advice (1 129), Jin led the Jin army to invade the south of the Yangtze River, and Yue Fei moved the army to Guangde and Yixing, persevering in resisting and attacking the rear defense line of the Jin army. The following year, Yue Fei set an ambush in Niutou Mountain, and the generals of the Jin army were defeated and recovered Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and the Jin army was forced to withdraw northward. Later, Yue Fei was promoted to the envoy of Tongzhou Town, with more than 10,000 men, and established a disciplined and brave anti-Jin brigade "Yue Jiajun".
In the third year of Shaoxing (1 133), Yue Fei was awarded the banner of "Zhongjing Yuefei" by Emperor Gaozong for exterminating Li Cheng, Zhang Yong and other "rogue thieves". The following year, he led his troops to defeat the Jin Puppet Army and recover Xiangyang and Xinyang counties. Yue Fei was also promoted to the special envoy of Qingyuan Army because of his work.
In the fifth year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei led the army to suppress and incorporate the peasant uprising army led by Yang Yao. Later, he was stationed in Hubei (now Wuchang, Hubei) and sent people to cross the river to unite with the Taihang Rebels. He repeatedly suggested that Gaozong try to push north, but all of them were rejected by Gaozong. In the ninth year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong, Qin Gui and Jin Yi made peace, and Yue Fei turned against each other. The following year, martial arts entered Jiangnan. Yue Fei was ordered to send troops to fight back. After recovering Zhengzhou and Luoyang, they defeated the elite fighters "Tiefutu" and "Huicarbing" of 8 Jin Army in Yancheng, and seized Zhuxian Town, which is only forty-five miles away from Kaifeng. The military commander was forced to retreat from Kaifeng, and Jin Junshi sighed with anger that "it is easy to shake the mountain, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family" and did not dare to go out.
In Zhuxian Town, Yue Fei recruited soldiers, crossed the Yellow River with great preparation to recover lost ground, and went straight to Huanglongfu. The volunteers of the two rivers also began to respond. At this point, the emperor and Qin Gui were bent on peace, and even sent twelve golden letters to the monitor, ordering Yue Fei to retreat. Yue Fei's ambition is hard to pay, and he is only good at shedding tears.
After returning to Lin 'an, Yue Fei was relieved of military power and served as the deputy envoy of Shu Mi.
Soon after, he was jailed for false conspiracy. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1 142), on December 29th, he and his son were murdered in Lin 'an Pavilion for the crime of "unnecessary existence". Ningzong was made king of Hubei.
Yue Fei is good at strategizing and managing the army strictly. During his career, he fought 126 battles with his own hands and fingers, without losing a battle. He is a veritable victory general. He is the author of Yuewu Muwenyi (also known as a collection of works), and his poem Manjianghong is a swan song throughout the ages.
Yue Fei's heroic deeds
From A.D. 1 134 to A.D. 1 136, Yue Fei repeatedly made meritorious military service and was later appointed as the highest military officer-Qiu. Later, Song Gaozong and Prime Minister Qin Gui repeatedly opposed his invitation to explore the Central Plains. 1 140 years, the nomads invaded the south on a large scale, and Yue Fei fought back with brilliant results. Just like yue. When Fei pursued the victory, the capitulators headed by Zhang and Zhang ordered Yue Fei to retreat with 12 gold medals.
1 142, Qin Gui instigated the treacherous court official to frame Yue Fei for rebellion, and secretly executed him for "unwarranted" charges, at the age of 39. At the same time, his son Yue Yunhe and Zhang Xian were also killed. 1 195, Yue Fei's unjust prison in Song Ningzong was cleared.
Textual research on the great events of Yue Fei's life
Yue Fei, whose real name is Ju Peng, was born in Yonghe Township, tangyin county (now Chenggang Village, tangyin county City, Henan Province) on February 15th in the second year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (11March 24th, 2003). Yue Fei was gifted since childhood and loved reading Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals and Sun Wu's Art of War. Armed Superman, Zheng He became an invincible gunman in a county at the age of eleven in the third year (1 13). In the first year of Zhonghe (1 1 18), Yue Fei was sixteen years old and married Liu in his hometown. The following year (1 19), he gave birth to Yue Yun. In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), Yue Fei was nineteen years old. He learned archery from Zhou Tong, a teacher. He can draw a bow of 300 Jin, but his bow and arrow have not been shot. In the fourth year of Xuanhe (1 122), Yue Fei was twenty years old. He joined the army for the first time and became a monitor. He led the troops to victory in the first battle and captured the thieves Tao Jun and Jia Jinhe alive, which showed his extraordinary military command ability and made up for his contribution. In the same year1February 2 1 day, my father Yue He passed away and went back to his hometown to be filial. In the sixth year of Xuanhe (1 124), Yue Fei was 22 years old. He joined the army for the second time and took part in the battle to defend Taiyuan. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Yue Fei was twenty-four years old. Because of his work, he was promoted to a partial school and became a deputy teacher. In the same year, the second son Yue Lei was born in Pingding Army. Later, he left the army because his "confession" (letter of appointment) was lost. In the same year 10, Yue Fei joined the army for the second time, joined the Zhao Gou Army, and served as Marshal of Xiangzhou Military Forces. He led a surprise attack on Qian Ji, a secluded pass, winning 380 secluded passes in one fell swoop, gaining Zhao Gou's appreciation and filling his letter. Then he defeated the Nomads from the Imperial Forest, killed the Nomads from the Imperial Forest and turned to Yilang. Defeat the nomads from Sliding State, make meritorious military service again, and move soldiers to Ichiro. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Yue Fei was transferred to Zongze Department, and was defeated by Jin Bing in Kaide Cao Zhou (now Heze, Shandong). In July of the same year, Yue Fei wrote to the emperor, claiming that he resisted gold in the north, offended Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan who advocated fleeing south, and was dismissed from office and left the team. On the way home, I met Zhao Fu, the ambassador of Hebei Province. Zhang Suo recruited for the fourth time and was promoted to "reserve general". In the battle to recover Xinxiang, Yue Fei captured more than a thousand households of Jin Jun Ariso alive, entered Taihang Mountain, defeated the counterattack of Wang Suo, a household of Jin Jun, and turned to Kung Fu Lang because of his outstanding achievements. In the spring of the second year of Jianjian (1 128), Yue Fei left Xinxiang and transferred to Zongze Department of Kaifeng Prefecture to lead the troops to fight Sishuiguan. In World War II, Zhu Ludu crossed the river and defeated the enemy one after another. Zong Ze appointed Yue Fei as the commander, and Zong Ze spoke highly of Yue Fei's superb command art of using art of war books flexibly and skillfully. But after Zong Ze's death, Du Chong, who succeeded Zong Ze, was incompetent in running the army, and Wang Shan, a subordinate, rose up and rebelled by tens of thousands. Unable to pacify, Yue Fei rebelled against Nanxun Gate and turned to the doctor with only 2,000 troops. After that, Du Chong led his troops to Jiankang (now Nanjing) under the guise of diligent king. In the third year of Jian Yan (1 129), in November, Du Zhong led three thousand Qin Bing to the north. In order to preserve the strength against gold, Yue Fei led the rest of the troops to Maoshan (now Jurong Jintan), won six victories in Guangde and was promoted to the imperial command. In the spring of four years (1 130), Yue Fei moved to Yixing, put down Ji Guo and Qi Fang, bandits in Taihu Lake, stopped Jin Jun in Changzhou, captured a family alive, and made four wins in four wars. Yixing people appreciate Yue Fei's kindness and built an ancestral temple for him. Because Liu was separated in the war, Yue Fei married Li Wa in Yixing and gave birth to her third son in Tangmen, Yixing on October 15th of the same year. Yue Fei's anti-Golden War in Yixing was brilliant. In the battle of Qingshui Pavilion, the Jin army was killed 15, and the first batch of Jin generals 175 were captured. Set an ambush in Niutou Mountain, south of Jiankang, beheaded more than 3,000 nomads and captured more than 300 people. Then, it was suggested that in June of four years, Jiankang was recovered, the Yangtze River was crossed in the north, and large areas of land such as Taizhou Gaoyou were recovered. Yue Jiajun gained great fame, and the people were grateful to Yue Fei. Song Gaozong awarded Yue Fei a martial doctor and a loyal national defense envoy, and Yue Fei became a senior general in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), Yue Fei joined forces with Zhang Jun and marched into Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). Yue Fei defeated Ma Jin in Jiujiang and captured 8,000 enemies. Because of his work, he was promoted to the commander of the SHEN WOO Right Army and stationed in Hongzhou for one year. In February of the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), Yue Fei was ordered to travel to Guicenping, Hunan Province, where Cao (his brother Yue Xiang was killed while receiving Yang Zaixing) was traveling. Because of his work, Dr. Zhongwei and Wu 'an Army undertook the task of defending Jiangzhou. In the spring of the third year of Shaoxing (1 133), Yue Fei was ordered to attend a meeting to pacify the thief Kou Pengyou in Qian Ji, Jiangxi (now Ganxian and Ji 'an). At this time, Yue Jiajun has reached eighteen thousand people, stationed in Jiangzhou (ten thousand people), Qianzhou (five thousand people) and Guangzhou (three thousand people). On September 9 of the same year, Emperor Gaozong summoned Yue Fei and his son in Lin 'an and gave them a banner of "loyalty to Yue Fei". He was appointed as the propaganda ambassador of the Southern Army of Zhennan, the ambassador of Jiangxi along the Yangtze River, the ambassador of Xipei Road in the south of the Yangtze River to Shuqizhou, the ambassador of Jiangzhou, and Yue Fei wrote the word "Manjianghong" in Jiangzhou. In May of the 4th year of Shaoxing (1 134), Yue Fei was appointed as the special envoy of Zhennan Army to lead the Northern Expedition. In more than two months, Yue Fei won great victories in recovering Yunzhou (now Zhongxiang County), Suizhou (now Suixian County), Xinye, Tang Zhou, Dengzhou and Xiangyang. In the fifth year of Shaoxing (1 135), Emperor Gaozong summoned Yue Fei again and made him the founding Hou of Wuchang County. In June of the same year, Yue Fei was ordered to pacify Yang Yao in Dongting. In just eight days, he won it in one fell swoop, incorporated 60,000 troops into Yue Chongjun, expanded the anti-gold force, and upgraded the school inspection to less insurance. His fourth son, Yue Zhen, was born in Shaoxing, Jiujiang for six years (1 136). Yue Fei moved to Xiangyang and served as our ambassador to Vu Thang and Hu Jing West Road. On March 16, Yue Fei's mother, Mrs. Yao Taifu, who was nearly seventy years old, died in Ezhou military camp. In April, Yue Fei helped to bury his mother on Lushan Mountain and returned to the military camp in May. At the end of July, Yue Fei was appointed as Hedong Fu Xuan and went straight to the Central Plains. In less than a month, Yue Jiajun successively recovered Ruzhou, Yingzhou, Lushi County, Shangzhou, Zhouguo, Yiyang and Changshui. However, due to the lack of support from Emperor Gaozong, he was forced to withdraw. Yue Fei was so angry that he went to Lushan to mourn his mother. In the seventh year of Shaoxing (1 137), Li, a monk, went to the Tuolin Temple in Lushan Mountain, invited Yue Fei down the mountain, worshipped Tai Wei, and was promoted as the ambassador to Jingxi, Hubei Province. In November of the eighth year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei abolished the Liuyugou base group established by Jin people and made strategic preparations for the Northern Expedition. In the same year1February, Yue Fei wrote many times, saying that Emperor Gaozong opposed peace and expressed strong dissatisfaction with Qin Gui's surrender. In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1 139), Yue Fei awarded Kaifu Yitong No.3 Division the highest rank (first-class officer). The fifth son, Yue Ting, was born in Jiujiang. In the summer of the tenth year of Shaoxing (1 140), Jin people tore up the contract and invaded the south. Yue Fei rose to fight against Japan, breaking the nomadic people in Cai Zhou, Yingzhou, Zhengzhou, Xijing, Haozhou, Xuzhou, Mengzhou, Weizhou, Huaizhou and Yancheng, and in Shunchang and Yancheng. At the same time that Yue Fei won successive victories of Pi Mo and Jin Kang, on July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July/July In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), Qin Gui instigated Wan Yi to falsely accuse Yue Fei, who had been fighting the main battle, of "rebellion" and bought Wang Jun as a false witness. In October, Yue Fei's father and son and his department Zhang Xian were imprisoned in Hangzhou Dali Temple. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (114265438+1October 28th)1February 29th, Zhao Gou Qin Gui falsely accused Yue Fei and his son and Zhang Xian of "unwarranted rebellion", and Yue Fei would rather die than surrender. Before leaving Xing, he wrote down eight big characters: "It's dawn, it's dawn". Yue Fei, a famous national hero in China's history and a coach on the anti-Jin warship, was killed by a group of traitors in Qin Gui. Life is only 39 years old.
Addendum to Yue Fei's deeds
Yue Fei was born in poverty, but he is still honest and clean. Fei was killed and all his property was confiscated. "There are only a few golden rhinos, as well as chain armour, pocket cymbals, bronze crossbows, cymbals, bows, arrows and saddles, with more than 3,000 pieces of cloth and silk, 5,000 chestnuts and wheat, more than 100 pieces of money and thousands of books. Twenty years later, Fei's case was rehabilitated, and the court returned the confiscated property of the Yue family, totaling 3,830 yuan, more than 700 mu of paddy fields and dry land 1 100 mu. Zhang Jun, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, still has a rental income of 600,000 yuan every year after returning home one by one. If the average rent per mu is less than one hectare, it will account for 600,000 hectares of land. In the 21st year of Shaoxing, Zhang Jun hosted a banquet in Zhang's home, offering hundreds of kinds of fine wines and delicacies, melons and fruits and various jade articles, including gold wares 1200, more than 69,000 beads of Buddha, 30 agate bowls, more than 40 exquisite jade articles, brocade silk cotton 1000, and a large number of rare antiques, calligraphy and painting. Compared with Yue Fei, what a pity!
At that time, Emperor Gaozong planned to build a first-class mansion for him in Hangzhou, and flew to decline it politely. He said, "If Beilu is immortal, why should I stay at home?" Yang Yizhong, who was named Shaobao, built a mansion in the West Lake and took water from the West Lake around the house. It's a waste of time to be with the generals.
Fei can't take a concubine and don't want a maid to serve him. When Shu Shuai Yanwu was stationed in Ezhou, he came to Ezhou to discuss with Yue Fei. A banquet was held over the eaves, but no woman came forward to accompany the wine. After returning to Shu, he discussed the matter with Yue Fei and asked him to spend 2000 yuan to buy a noble girl and jewels and jade. Yue Fei returned the girl's wedding dress to her. Some priests will persuade him to leave the girl here so as to marry Yanwu. Fei said, "Now that the national humiliation is not over, how can the general feel at ease?" When Yanwu heard about it, he became more and more respectful to Yue Feiyue.
Fei often eats with local soldiers, and gives a glass of wine and a small piece of meat to his subordinates. If there is less wine, he will throw it into the water and let everyone taste it. Every time we set out, the foot soldiers camped and the flight camped. Every time I go to a distant division, I will ask my wife to go to the soldier's home to express condolences, and I will send gold and silk if I have difficulties. In case of wedding, funeral and wedding, take care of it yourself. The foot soldiers are sick and their parents adjust their medicines.
The remuneration awarded by the imperial court sometimes amounts to hundreds of thousands of yuan, and Feitian always pays it in full, without taking a penny privately.
Su Fei always promotes all the subordinates who have made great achievements. Even if they are unknown, they will not be excluded, but they are strict with their son Yue Yun. In the battle of recovery, Yungong comes first, and the fee is not reported. According to the regulations of the imperial court, it took a year to be appointed as Takeichiro. Pingyang Yao and Yun have made great contributions, but the flight has not been reported yet. Governor Zhang Jun said: "Fei Lian is cheap, but it is too unfair!" Jun is playing the Cloud Palace. Flying is still very powerful. On one occasion, the imperial court specially ordered Yue Yun to be promoted to the third level, and Fei Li said, "The foot soldiers bravely shouldered the arrow stone and cut the trap, and made outstanding contributions, only to be promoted to the first level. My son Yue Yun didn't make any contribution. How can he serve the public without equal treatment for such a high promotion? And this is not enough to show the public that it is right to be a great duke. So many resignations are not accepted. The court praised Yue Fei's spirit and accepted his resignation.
On one occasion, when Yue Fei was not at home, Liu was asked to "fill in books and print papers" privately, and repeatedly asked the court to make her mother-in-law the wife of the country and grant her literary qualification. After Fei knew it, he tied Liu up with 500 whips and wrote a complaint twice. Please cancel the above reward.
Fei expressed deep sympathy for the suffering of people everywhere. After every war, the livelihood of each state and county is very poor. When he met a start, Fei was worried about the supply of troops first, so he always frowned and said to the soldiers, "The people in the southeast are exhausted!" " The country has a foothold only when it has people. We can't waste food for soldiers. If you can't do it, how can you serve your country! "
Fei attaches great importance to farming. After Jingxi and Hubei were settled, they immediately raised private fields, gave cows and seeds, gave fake stuttering, became officials, and were responsible for their own success. We have also worked out a method of land reclamation, so that the troops can attack and fight, and try their best to occupy Nanmu for two or three years, that is, to transport half of the grain outside the province. The imperial court tasted the dry wind of Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang.
From the first flight to the army, I have returned for more than ten years, and I have won every battle without a defeat. Zhang Jun often asks about fighting skills. Fei said: "Benevolence, faithfulness, wisdom, courage and strictness are indispensable." Zhang Jun asked "How to solve the strict problem"? Fei said: those who make meritorious deeds will be rewarded, and those who fail will be punished. That's it. "
Flying soldiers often fight the enemy. In October of the seventh year of Shaoxing, the main domestic backers pretended to be excluded, lazy and seized power, and there were signs of abolition. One day, the patrol soldiers captured a spy sent by Wu Shu. Flying to see the spy, he said in surprise, "Aren't you Zhang Bin?"? He is also a person in our army. " Then he took him to a private room and scolded him, saying, "I left you a wax book for Qi, and agreed to lure the Four Princes (Wu Shu) to kill them together. You left and never came back. I sent someone again. Qi Di () has promised me to send four princes to Qinghe in the name of meeting Koujiang. Why did you betray me when you didn't send the book in your hand? " The spy just wants to die slowly, that is, to pretend to be in awe. Yue Fei wrote a wax book and said to the spy, "You deserve to die. I will lend you a loan now. When you arrive again, ask him the date of sending troops. This time, you have to report your death as if you had completed the task. " It hid the wax book, gave it thick coins, and repeatedly reminded it not to reveal the secret. The spy came out only to thank humbly. Not far away, Fei called it back, gave it more money and told it again. Many times, the spy fled to Wu Shu and gave the wax book to Wu Shu. Wu Shu opened the book and was surprised. He immediately reported to Jinzhuxizong. Kim hated it so much that it was soon abolished.
Feng Fei's mother is very filial. After crossing the river from Gaozong, she sent someone back and forth 18 times before taking her mother to the army. If mother is ill, the bait must be tasted. Walking at home is afraid of sound. When you leave school, you must tell your family and take good care of them.
Yue Fei is not a fuel-efficient lamp.
China people are used to simple double thinking. In this mode of thinking, heroes are perfect images; Bad people are described as useless, inhuman and outrageous.
In this mode of thinking, Yue Fei has always been regarded as a model of loyal service to the country and is worshipped by people. In order to highlight his heroic image, Mr. and Mrs. Qin Gui were forced to kneel before his statue without humanity.
What kind of person is the real Yue Fei? Is he worthy of worship?
Yue Fei joined the army in his teens, and was quickly promoted because of his bravery.
With the improvement of status, Yue Fei's unruly character gradually formed. He repeatedly disobeyed military orders, and the court failed to meet the requirements. He said that he was sick and was left behind, forcing the emperor to put in a good word for him before he stopped.
When the Qin Dynasty signed an armistice agreement on behalf of the Song State and the Jin State, Yue Fei dared to openly write a letter against it, saying that "Guo Xiang seeks things but does not hide them, for fear of being laughed at by future generations". Diplomatic agreements signed by ministers (equivalent to the current prime minister) on behalf of the government are also judged by a marshal (equivalent to the current military commander).
Yue Fei's arrogance can be described as incisively and vividly in his Xiao Zhongshan: "A bald head means fame. Old mountain pine and bamboo are old, which hinders the return journey. Give your heart to Yao Qin, because there are few bosom friends, and who will listen if the string is broken! " In Yue Fei's eyes, who deserves to be his confidant?
It was Yue Fei's arrogant personality that hurt him. He not only wasted time discussing state affairs, but also intervened in the establishment of the national treasury by the emperor. How dare you tell a soldier what to do when the emperor chooses his successor? Yue Fei wants to do such a taboo thing, and his personality can be imagined.
After the victory of Zhuxian Town, Yue Fei turned a blind eye to the emperor's eleven gold medals. He insisted on marching north and crossing the Yellow River in the north. If the emperor hadn't retreated several other troops. Yue Fei has become alone, perhaps the twelfth gold medal is no longer in his eyes.
Yue Fei violated the discipline that "obedience is the first duty of a soldier" and won him back 12 gold medals in a row, which means that he dared to disobey orders 1 1 times in a row.
Yue Fei was a general hand-picked by Zhao Gou. After Xiangyang's victory, Emperor Zhao Gou and Prime Minister Zhang Jun were very dependent on Yue Fei. After removing Liu's handle, they intended to merge this unit into Yue Jiajun, and put forward the important task of "humiliating the country and saving the poor" in Yu Za. No king can tolerate the arrogance, arrogance and outspoken of his subordinates after winning the battle. In A.D. 1 137, Yue Fei once called for the establishment of stores. As a general, Yue Fei interfered with the establishment of the imperial court store and violated the taboo of Emperor Gaozong. As a military commander with many military forces, if you are an emperor, how should you face such arrogant soldiers?
Yue Fei's attitude towards the emperor who was appointed by hand was consistent. Wouldn't it be more domineering if the little emperor was in power in the future? Yue Fei, who is only in his thirties, will become the second follwed in the future? If you die that year, who knows the truth of your life?
Wasn't follwed more loyal to the emperor than anyone else when he was young?