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How many kilos of peppers per mu? Pepper yields 5000 kilograms per mu.
Pepper production on an acre of land

The highest yield is about 8000 kg, and the pepper is generally about 3000 kg, depending on the variety, soil moisture and related technologies.

condition of culture

The temperature requirement of pepper is between eggplant and eggplant. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 23-30℃, and it cannot germinate below 65438 05℃. Pepper seedlings need high temperature, low temperature and slow growth. At the beginning of flowering and fruiting, the optimum temperature is 20-25℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night. The soil temperature is too high at the fruiting stage, especially when the strong light shines directly on the ground, which is not conducive to root growth and is easy to cause toxin disease and sunburn.

Soil preparation base fertilizer

Pepper should not be continuous cropping, nor should it be continuous cropping with eggplant, tomato, potato and tobacco. The plot for planting pepper requires good drainage, convenient irrigation and drainage, and requires deep ploughing. It is best to cultivate in winter and loosen the frozen soil to improve the soil and eliminate overwintering pests and pathogen spores. Before planting, the soil should be prepared again, and the topsoil should be kept large, which is beneficial to ventilation and cooling, and has a good effect on preventing falling flowers, camps and leaves. The requirements of vegetable farmers in Changsha for planting pepper fields are "deep ditch, high ridge and broken old base;" The soil is flat and big, and the water flows smoothly. "The width of the border is generally 1.3- 1.7 m (flat ditch), and 2-3 rows are planted. There are also flower beds 2.3-2.7 meters wide, which are planted horizontally on the flower beds. At the same time of border tillage, 50-80 loads of decomposed manure, calcium superphosphate 15 kg and plant ash 25 kg were applied as base fertilizer per mu.

Sowing and seedling raising

The seedling raising method in plastic small arch shed is introduced as follows:

① Selection of seedbed: The seedbed should be a plot with the back facing south, dry and refreshing, convenient water source and no solanaceae crops.

(2) Seedbed preparation: It is best to dig deep the baked soil on the seedbed in dog days, sprinkle a layer of human and animal manure on it, dry it, and cover it with a film to prevent fertilizer loss when it rains.

③ Sowing: Before sowing, fully wet, refine and level the bed soil. The width of seedbed is generally 1.5- 1.7 meters ... Generally, seeds are not soaked to accelerate germination. Early-maturing varieties are generally sown in 65438+ 10, and late-maturing varieties are generally sown in February-March. Planting an acre requires sowing 75- 120g.

After sowing, cover the seeds with fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash, with a thickness of about 2 cm, depending on whether the seeds are covered or not. Then water it, cover it with plastic film after collecting the water, and finally enclose a small arch with thin bamboo poles or bamboo pieces, which is about 0.5 meters high and covered with a film, and the north side of the film is compacted with soil to prevent wind. It is best to press both sides with bricks, so as to expose the film for ventilation at any time.

(4) Seedbed management: generally, management is not needed from sowing to emergence. When seedlings are found, the plastic film should be removed immediately, otherwise high seedlings will be formed. After emergence, uncover the film at 9: 00 a.m. on sunny days and cover it at 4: 00 p.m., and try to ventilate as much as possible on rainy days. If it is found that the bed soil is white and the seedlings are wilting, it is necessary to water it. The watering time must be at 9: 00 am 1-2 am, and it should be checked again after watering for two hours. If it is found that some parts are still dry, it is necessary to replenish water to make the seedlings grow consistently. Rainy days and freezing days are not suitable for watering, otherwise the bed temperature will be lowered due to excessive humidity, and diseases will easily occur. On snowy days, you can cover the grass window with a film, or you can put electric lights in the bed to protect the seedlings from freezing.

⑤ Sowing: In order to make the seedlings robust and the roots developed, when two true leaves appear in the seedlings, they need to be followed at one time, with the plant spacing of 6- 10cm and the row spacing of 12- 15cm, and watering while planting to prevent the seedlings from wilting. The preparation, requirements and management of seedbed are similar to those of seedbed.

Field planting

The soil temperature of pepper should be above 65438 05℃. Early planting can not achieve the goal of early maturity because of low soil temperature, slow growth and slow flowering. Plant spacing: the row spacing of early-maturing varieties is 40-50 cm, the plant spacing is 26-33 cm, and each hole 1-2 plants. The row spacing of late-maturing varieties is 66-73 cm, the plant spacing is 50-60 cm, and each hole 1 plant. Choose sunny afternoon for planting, and water the seedbed in the morning to facilitate seedling pulling.

Tiantuan management

① intertillage weeding: after the field planting survives, shallow intertillage should be carried out in time. Plants began to grow and concentrated in intertillage once. Before the factory closes, cultivate again. Intertillage combined with weeding and ridging.

(2) Fertilizer and water management: after planting, it is necessary to catch up with the seedling fertilizer in sunny days, and the dosage should not be too much and too thick each time, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive growth and delay flowering and fruiting. When the first and second layers bear fruit, more fertilizer should be applied to promote fruit growth. After fruit picking, it is more necessary for the soil to have enough fertilizer and water for plants to grow and bear fruit normally. If it rains heavily before the soil is dry after watering, the phenomenon of falling leaves and dying will be quite common, especially during the period from ups and downs to beginning of autumn. Therefore, when irrigating, we must decide the irrigation time according to the weather forecast. The depth of irrigation shall not exceed three-quarters of the side ditch, and it shall be carried out at night or in the early morning, and emergency irrigation and drainage shall be carried out.

(3) Harvest and seed storage: As fresh food, green fruits can be harvested more, and red fruits can also be harvested. As a dry pepper, it is necessary to harvest the red ripe fruit in time, otherwise it will affect the growth and fruit of the plant.

The method of combining seed-keeping and harvest plant selection with fruit selection is to select standard plants in the field according to the characteristics of varieties and mark them as seed-keeping plants. Harvest the first layer of fruit on the market as soon as possible, leaving 2-4 layers of fruit as seed fruit. When the seed fruit is red and ripe, further select the fruit with the characteristics of this variety, spread the picked seed fruit in the shade, ripen it for 5-7 days, cut it open, take out the seed, dry it and store it. [3]

Planting and breeding

Seedling raising process

Pepper planting

Pepper planting

1. Seed treatment: Generally, seedlings are raised from vernal equinox to Qingming. Expose seeds in the sun for 2 days to promote after-ripening, improve germination rate and kill germs carried on the surface of seeds. Or use 0.5% trisodium phosphate or 300-400 times potassium permanganate. Or 1% thiourea for 20-30 minutes to kill the germs carried on the seeds. After washing the seeds repeatedly, soak them in warm water of 25-30 degrees for 8- 12 hours.

2. Sowing: After the seedbed is completed, water should be poured on the soles of feet, and then 3000 times of Heng Lv 1 should be sprayed for disinfection. Then spread a thin layer of fine soil, evenly spread the seeds on the seedbed, cover it with a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 0.5- 1 cm, and finally cover it with a shed to moisturize and heat up.

3. Seedbed management: After sowing, the daytime temperature is 25-34.7 degrees, and the ground temperature is about 20 degrees. Seedling can emerge in 6-7 days. After 70% of the seedlings are arched, 0.5 cm thick fine soil should be sprinkled on the seedbed under the condition of no water on the leaves. Keep moisture by sealing the joints to prevent the roots of seedlings from being exposed. The seedbed should have enough water supply, but the soil should not be too wet. When the pepper is 5 cm high, the seedbed should be ventilated and adjusted. Ventilation should be flexibly controlled according to seedling growth and weather temperature. Seedlings can be tempered in the open air 10 days before planting. The hardening of seedlings should be done step by step, and must not be done in one step. If the seedlings are white and long, you can spray 500 ml of chlormequat chloride per kilogram or 5 ml of mepiquat chloride per kilogram. Before planting, the weak seedlings in Huang Ke were sprayed on the leaves with root-brush tape, such as Viride or Phytophthora, which had a good anti-virus effect.

Soil preparation process

Pepper has a long growth period and weak root system. In order to make it blossom and bear fruit continuously, it must have good soil conditions and nutritional conditions. Before planting, turn the ground to the depth of 10- 15cm. Apply 5000 kg of manure per mu, and can be mixed with 15 kg -20 kg of calcium superphosphate. Short irrigation and short rows are used as ditches, and the ditches are connected, so that there is no water in the field after rain.

Colonial process

Timely planting promotes early rooting. Early seedling development is the main principle to master the planting period and post-planting management. Pepper should be planted in ditch or flat land, covered with shallow soil when planting, and then gradually ridged and closed. After planting, squatting seedlings only by drought will damage the root system, so the seedling management of pepper should be small or not, and promote it to the end.

planting density

Pepper plants are compact and suitable for close planting. The experiment shows that the close planting of pepper has great potential to increase production, especially the green pepper that has been growing until autumn. Proper close planting is conducive to early ridge sealing, because the surface is covered and shaded, the soil temperature and soil humidity change little, and the roots will not be exposed to the sun after heavy rain, which plays a role in promoting roots and strengthening seedlings. Generally, the production density of green peppers is 3000-4000 holes (two trees) per mu, with the row spacing of 50-60 cm and the plant spacing of 25-30 cm. Generally use two or three 1 min. Planting methods include large ridge single row close planting, large and small ridge close planting, and large ridge double row close planting, all of which can obtain higher yield.

administration program

Pepper likes temperature, water and fertilizer, but high temperature is easy to get sick, waterlogging is easy to kill seedlings and fertilizer is easy to burn roots. There are different management requirements in different stages of the whole growth period, so it is necessary to promote roots and seedlings before harvesting after planting; From the beginning of harvest to the stage of full fruit, it is necessary to promote seedlings to attack fruits; After entering the high temperature season, it is necessary to protect the roots and seedlings to prevent the death of seedlings; Results In the later period, we should continue to strengthen management and increase production and income.

1. pre-harvest management

During this period, the ground temperature was low and the root system was weak, which should be popularized and controlled. That is, light watering and early topdressing; Diligent cultivation, small squatting seedlings; Slow seedling watering can be combined with chasing a little manure, timely intertillage after watering, increase temperature and maintain soil moisture, and promote rooting. Squatting seedlings should not be too long, about 10 day, and small watering and squatting can be used to adjust the relationship between roots and seedlings. After squatting, water and topdressing in time to improve the early yield. Topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and some phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied to promote seedling health, prevent flower falling, and remove the side branches on the main stem below the first flower in time.

2. Management from the first harvest period to the full fruit period

At this stage, the temperature rises gradually, the rainfall increases gradually, and the pests and diseases occur one after another, which is the key period to determine the yield. In order to prevent premature aging, we should harvest the pepper in advance, water it in time, keep the soil moisture regularly, promote the seedling to attack the fruit, and strive to close the ridge in high temperature season. In the full fruit stage, before closing the ridge, soil should be cultivated to protect the roots, and topdressing should be carried out in combination with soil cultivation.

3. High temperature season and its management.

It is easy to induce viral diseases in high temperature rainy season, and the flowers and fruits fall off seriously, sometimes a lot of leaves fall off. Therefore, irrigation must be started in the drought period in high temperature and drought years, not at the end of the drought period, so as to keep the soil moist all the time and inhibit the occurrence and development of virus diseases. Apply a small amount of chemical fertilizer to protect seedlings after rain and irrigate them in time to prevent the drought after rainy season from forming the peak of virus disease. Irrigation should be carried out in the morning and evening in high temperature season. Spraying 800- 1000 times of chlormequat chloride for 3-4 times at full flowering stage has a good effect of flower protection and yield increase.

4. Management in the later stage of fruit shrinkage

After the high temperature rainy season, the temperature turned cool and the green pepper plants returned to normal growth. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen management, promote the formation of the second fruiting peak, increase the late yield, water in time, and combine water and fertilizer with quick-acting fertilizer to supplement the lack of soil nutrition.

choose

Generally, it can be harvested 2-3 weeks after the flowers wither, when the fruit is fully expanded and the color is green, or when the fruit turns yellow or red. Pay attention to picking as many times as possible, picking the fruit stalks together and leaving more fruits on the plant can improve the yield.

Pay attention to key points

1, the seedling age of spring pepper is about 1 10 days, and some of them can reach 150 days or more. In the north, it is usually in the middle of April and the end of May. Pepper itself has high yield and good stability, but in some places, the phenomenon of yield reduction is due to variety degradation. The disease resistance is poor and the disease is serious, so the planting plot should be chosen in the spring white land where eggplant, fruits and vegetables, cucumber and yellow tobacco have not been planted in recent years. The field just harvested winter spinach is not good either. About 7 days before planting, 5,000 kilograms of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 75 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 30 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate were applied to each mu of land as base fertilizers, and furrowing, leveling, ridging and film mulching were carried out according to the row spacing of 70 cm. Planting can be 30 cm apart, and two seedlings are staggered, one for each hole. 2500-3000 holes per 667 square meters.

2. The period from planting to fruiting is the early stage of pepper field management, and management should promote roots, seedlings and trees. Pay attention to watering and intertillage. Planting 15 days, topdressing phosphate fertilizer 10 kg, urea 5 kg, combined with intertillage, planting soil height 10- 13 cm to protect roots from lodging. After entering the full fruit period, the focus of management is to strengthen seedlings and promote fruit. It is necessary to remove the door pepper in time to prevent the fruit from falling and causing growth decline. Combined with watering and fertilization, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 5 kg of urea and heavy bacon were topdressing every 667 square meters. Pay attention to drainage and flood control. It is necessary to combine spraying foliar fertilizer and hormone to supplement nutrition and prevent virus.

3. Pepper is sensitive to many herbicides during its growth, especially 2,4DEC. Improper spraying of pesticides will cause serious phytotoxicity to pepper.

Balcony cultivation

Planting method of balcony pepper:

Step 1: Material preparation

Required materials: seeds, pond mud, peat soil, garden soil, sand, cultivation containers, gardening shovels, pruning shears and water.

1. Soil: The ratio of nutrient soil before potting can be pond mud: peat soil =1:1; Garden soil or peat can be mixed with sand in a certain proportion after entering the basin.

2. Container: The general height should be 10- 15cm, and the size can be selected according to your own planting needs. The planting density per plant is 10- 15cm.

Step 2: sow and raise seedlings.

1, you can sow directly or soak the purchased pepper seeds in warm water at 50-55℃ for 20 minutes.

2. Before sowing, put the prepared nutrient soil into the basin, only 3-4cm away from the edge of the basin, and water it. When the soil is slightly dry, sow10-1-2 rape seeds every12 cm, and cover with 1cm fine soil after sowing.

The third step: into the basin.

1. When the seedlings grow to two true leaves, they can be put into the pot.

2. Before entering the basin, put a herringbone on the permeable hole at the bottom of the basin with tiles, put pebbles, then put nutrient soil, so that the soil in the basin is 2 cm lower than the mouth of the basin, and dig a hole 5-7 cm square.

3. Dig out the seedlings about 5cm around the root system of the original potted plant with a gardening shovel. Plant the seedlings with clods in the prepared flowerpots.

4. Water until the bottom of the basin leaks.

5. After planting the pot, put it in a cool place indoors, control transpiration, slowly plant the seedlings and put them on the balcony.

Step 4: Daily management

1, pepper likes temperature, is afraid of frost, and avoids high temperature.

2. Spray water once a day or every other day.

3. Add 5- 10g compound fertilizer to each plant every 15 days after potting.

4. The light requirement is not strict, but insufficient light will delay the fruiting period and reduce the fruiting rate.

5. There is basically no need for pruning during the growing period.

6. The emphasis is on fruit management. The optimum temperature for fruit development is 25-28℃. In case of high temperature, drought and direct sunlight, the fruit is easy to get sunburned or drop. It is not suitable to water more in fruit period, but to air dry, otherwise pollination will be poor.

Coping with continuous rainfall

If the continuous rainy weather is not properly managed, it will have a certain impact on pepper, and the following aspects should be done well.

Weeding by intertillage, increasing application of plant ash, reducing humidity and ventilation.

Through intertillage, soil hardening can be broken, soil ventilation can be improved, the development of pepper root system can be promoted, and a good soil environment can be created for pepper growth. The intertillage time should be chosen in sunny and high temperature period or before high temperature, shallow near the roots and deep between rows to avoid root injury. After intertillage, a large number of weeds died of water loss, and at the same time, they had the function of soil disinfection and sterilization. Combining intertillage to increase the application of plant ash, one is to reduce soil moisture; The second is to increase soil nutrients.

Pruning and tips to prevent falling flowers and fruits.

When pruning pepper, keep the trunk and 2-3 lateral branches, wipe off all the lower axillary buds, and cut off the inner branches and old diseased branches to make the cavity ventilated and light-permeable. Leave 2 leaves for branches above grade 3, 1 fruit, and 2 leaves for newly grown branches, and remove the old diseased leaves at the lower part to promote the growth of upper branches and leaves and the elongation and expansion of fruits. At the same time, cultivate the soil again to promote new roots, and spray 2‰ urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other fertilizers.

Push the plants together to improve the ventilation and light transmission in the field.

When peppers reach maturity, plants grow densely, branches crisscross, weeding is not thorough, or management is improper, which directly affects the demand for good ventilation and light transmission conditions when peppers mature. If the plants are not pushed together to solve the problem of group depression, especially if it rains continuously, the harvested fruits will fall off and become moldy, which will directly affect the mature quality and cause great losses. Therefore, pushing the plants together in rainy days is a key measure to promote the red ripening of Chili peppers. The method of pushing the plants together: push the pepper plants about 5 cm from the base of the stem with both hands, push them to both sides vigorously, and stabilize the roots with your feet. But be careful and try to prevent damage to plants and green peppers. When the plants are pushed together, weeds can be pulled out, and ground green peppers, diseased spotted peppers and deformed peppers can be picked together. Create good ventilation and light transmission conditions for pepper.

Storage method

1. Burying method In the storage cellar or indoors, first lay 6-9 cm of dry sand, put 20-30 cm thick pepper without pests and mechanical damage, and then lay 9- 12 cm of sand. Thus, the 1-3 layer is stacked. Peppers can also be packed in baskets or wooden cases, and the place 5-7 cm from the top of the boxes and baskets is covered with wet sediments. Stack baskets and boxes in 4-5 layers, with the top layer covered with 30 cm thick wet sediment. If stored in a cellar or indoors at a suitable temperature, it can be stored for 50-60 days.

Second, the pit storage method selects plots with solid soil and high dry terrain, and digs underground pits. The pit wall should be solid, the bottom should be padded with bricks, and the pit mouth should be closed with plastic film to prevent rain and freezing injury. The storage forms of pepper in the cellar are:

1. Basket storage: Put the selected peppers in the basket. Put paper or a thin bag in the basket and put it on the back cover. Pile up the baskets.

2. Shelf storage: A shelf with a height of 1-2 meters was made in the cellar, which was divided into three layers. Spread the pepper on the shelf.

3. Sprinkle: spread straw on the ground, put 30 cm thick pepper on it, pile it into a long strip, and spread straw stalks on it. Pubao and grass seeds in the cellar should be kept moist, and the cellar temperature should be kept at 7-9℃, which can be checked every 15 days 1 time.

4. Plastic film modified atmosphere storage method: put the selected peppers into sterilized crates, each box is about 10 kg, and pile them into a "D" shape. 48 boxes per stack. The top layer is covered with sacks or kraft paper to prevent water from dripping on the fruits and avoid direct sunlight on the peppers. Put 5-7 kilograms of quicklime at the bottom to absorb carbon dioxide. The outer layer is covered with plastic sheets, isolated from the outside air, and then pumped with oxygen and filled with nitrogen. First, reduce the oxygen content to 2-5%. After a few days, the oxygen was adjusted to less than 5%. The carbon dioxide produced by breathing can be controlled within 5% by increasing the absorption of hydrated lime. Uncover the cover every 10- 12 days 1 time, dry the water drops on the film and remove the rotten fruit. If there is no oxygen pumping and nitrogen filling device, natural oxygen reduction can also be used. That is to say, breathing with the fruit itself reduces the oxygen to about 5%. [4]

6 disease control

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bacterial wilt disease

Pathogenic characteristics: when the plant is sick, the top leaves of the diseased plant wither during the day and recover on cloudy days or in the morning and evening. After 2-3 days, the leaves remain green, but the whole plant withers. Cut the diseased stem, the catheter is brown, soak the incision in water, and the white turbid bacterial liquid flows out from the incision.

Occurrence regularity: Pepper bacterial wilt is a bacterial disease, which is serious when the soil temperature reaches 20℃-25℃, the temperature reaches 30℃-37℃ and the soil water content reaches more than 25%. When the rainstorm suddenly clears up, the temperature rises rapidly, the humidity is high, the transpiration is large, the bacteria activity is vigorous, the number of sick plants increases, and the harm is serious. When the soil pH value is 6.6, the bacteria are suitable for development.

Prevention and control methods:

1, selecting disease-resistant varieties;

2. Adjust soil pH, and apply 50-100kg of lime per mu;

3. Implement crop rotation to prevent continuous cropping or continuous cropping;

4, timely inspection, found that the diseased plants immediately pulled out and burned; Sprinkle lime powder in the hole; At the initial stage of the disease, 100-200PPM of agricultural streptomycin or kasugamycin can be mixed with 150 kg of water to moisten the soil for three consecutive times, and root irrigation 1 every15 days for 2-3 consecutive times.

epidemic

Pathogenic characteristics:

The disease can occur in the whole growth cycle, and it occurs at the base of stem at seedling stage, and it occurs at seedling stage, and the base of stem is soft rot or collapse in dark green water, that is, collapse at seedling stage; Some stems are dark brown at the base, and seedlings wither and die; The leaves are infected, and the lesion is round or nearly round, with a diameter of 2-3 cm, a yellow-green edge and a dark brown center; The fruit was infected at the pedicel, and the primary dark green spots were soaked in water, which quickly turned brown and soft rot. When the humidity is high, a white mold layer grows on the surface, that is, sporangium and sporangium. After drying, dark brown stripes are formed, and the branches and leaves above the diseased area quickly wither.

Law of occurrence:

Pathogens overwinter in soil or diseased tissues in the form of mycelium and oospores, and oospores are spread by splashing rainwater and irrigation water. The optimum temperature for the development of pathogens is 23℃-365438 0℃, and high temperature and high humidity are conducive to the occurrence of pathogens.

Prevention and control methods:

1, if pepper blight is soil-borne, the roots must be irrigated with pesticides.

2. The key time for prevention and control is the middle and late June? During the flowering and fruiting period of pepper, root irrigation is generally carried out within 1-2 days after the first watering.

3. The effective pesticide is 25% Zaoshuangling or 58% Zaoshuangling manganese zinc, the concentration is 500 times, and the best effect is 0.3-0.4 kg per hole.

powdery mildew

Pathogenic characteristics: Pepper powdery mildew is caused by Trichosporon in Ascomycetes, and leaves, old leaves and young leaves can be infected. In the field, it is mainly spread by airflow. Under slightly dry conditions, the disease spreads easily. There are small chlorosis yellow spots on the front of the diseased leaves, and then they expand into chlorosis yellow spots with inconspicuous edges. White powder is produced on the back of the affected part. In severe cases, the disease spots are densely covered, which leads to the yellowing of all leaves and a large number of leaves falling off to form polished rods, which seriously affects the yield and quality.

Prevention and control methods:

1. When planting, choose varieties with good disease resistance and dress seeds with new high-fat film (it can repel underground pests and diseases, isolate virus infection, not affect germination and imbibition function, strengthen respiratory intensity and improve seed germination rate).

2. Before planting, dig deep into the soil and spray 800 times solution of new high-fat film for sterilization, heat preservation and moisture retention.

3. Pepper Zhuangdiling should be sprayed at the right time in each growth period of pepper to enhance nutrient transport in the body and improve the resistance of pepper to foreign pathogens.

4. Spraying doxycycline 1000 times solution plus DuPont Fosun 3000 times solution and applying new high-fat film at the initial stage of the disease are particularly effective.

7 main value

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Medicinal value

Functional indication

1. "Outline": Spicy eggplant is hot and can also promote diuresis and eliminate dampness. Some children eat cold water in summer and lie in the shade until malaria attacks in autumn, but all kinds of drugs don't work. It is quite palatable to eat hot sauce occasionally in early winter. They need it every time and use it to fry porridge. Soon, malaria will heal itself. Good from the chest diaphragm water, into cold phlegm, pungent to disperse, so it is like lying in the Tang Dynasty.

2. Yao Kecheng's "Materia Medica of Food": digestion overnight, relieving depression, appetizing, eliminating evil spirits and detoxification.

3. "Hundred Herbs Mirror": Wash frostbite, wash cold scabies, and diarrhea the large intestine.

4. "Medicinal Property Test": Warming the middle and dispelling cold, expelling wind and sweating, dispelling cold addiction, resolving phlegm and eliminating dampness.

5. "Food should be taboo": warm the middle and lower the qi, dispel cold and remove dampness, relieve depression and phlegm, promote digestion and eliminate accumulation, and kill insects and detoxify. Treat vomiting, diaphragmatic asphyxia, diarrhea and beriberi.

6. "Drug test": it can dispel wind and promote blood circulation, dispel cold and relieve depression, guide stagnation and stop diarrhea, and wipe tinea. [ 1]

pharmacological action

① Influence on digestive system

Capsicum tincture or capsaicin can be taken orally as a stomach tonic, which can promote appetite and improve digestion. Animal experiments (Basov gastroachalasia dogs) have proved that pepper water stimulates oral mucosa and reflexively strengthens gastric movement. Condiments made of various peppers can increase saliva secretion and amylase activity after oral administration. Large doses of oral can produce gastritis, enteritis, diarrhea, vomiting and so on. It is reported that pepper has inhibitory and spasmodic effects on isolated animal intestines.

② Antibacterial and insecticidal effects

Capsaicin has a significant inhibitory effect on Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, but has no effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Its branches and leaves have no antibacterial effect and only slightly inhibit mycobacterium tuberculosis. 10-20% Zanthoxylum bungeanum decoction has the efficacy of killing bedbugs.

3 redness.

External use as liniment has soothing effect on the skin, makes the local blood vessels of the skin dilate reflexively, and promotes the vigorous local blood circulation. Tincture can be used for chilblain; However, some people think that pepper only strongly stimulates sensory nerve endings, causing warmth, and has little effect on blood vessels. It does not foam at high concentrations and cannot be regarded as a red agent.

④ Influence on circulatory system

Spicy substances (ginger, pepper, especially Zanthoxylum bungeanum) can stimulate the taste receptors of human tongue, and reflexively raise blood pressure (especially diastolic pressure), but have no obvious effect on pulse. Intravenous injection of capsaicin or capsaicin into anesthetized cats and dogs can cause transient blood pressure drop, slow heartbeat and dyspnea, which is caused by stimulating chemoreceptors or extensors in the lungs and coronary arteries. It can directly excite the isolated guinea pig atrium and contract the blood vessels in the hind limbs of rats.

⑤ Other functions

It has been reported abroad that after eating food (unknown variety) with red pepper as seasoning for 3 weeks, the free hydrocortisone in plasma can be significantly increased, and the excretion in urine can also be increased. But also reduce that fibrinolytic activity. The above-ground water decoction has exciting effect on isolated rat uterus. [2]

clinical application

Treatment of lumbago and leg pain: Take pepper and vaseline (according to the ratio of 1: 1) or pepper, vaseline and white flour (according to the ratio of 2: 3: 1) and add appropriate amount of yellow wine to make paste. When in use, it is coated on oil paper and attached to the affected part, and fixed with adhesive tape. 65 cases were treated, 25 cases were markedly effective, 23 cases were effective, the symptoms disappeared 1 case, and 6 cases were ineffective1case. Most of them have local fever within 15-30 minutes after taking the medicine, and local burning sensation after 1 hour; Some patients get an electric shock. Fever and burning sensation often last for 2-24 hours, up to 48 hours, and there is general heat sensation and sweating. Generally, after applying the medicine, the joint activity is flexible and soft, and there is a faint pleasure. The examination showed local congestion and fever, and a few patients developed rashes and blisters.

Treatment of general surgical inflammation: bake old red pepper into powder and sprinkle it on the affected area, once a day/kloc-0; Or mix it with oil and apply it locally, 1-2 times a day. 557 cases of mumps, cellulitis and multiple furuncles were treated clinically for 2- 10 days, all of which were effective.

3. Treatment of chilblain and chilblain: Chop pepper 1, add 2000-3000ml of water to 2 wheat seedlings, boil for 3-5min, and remove residues. Soak the affected area while it is hot, once a day 1 time. The broken ones are wrapped in several materials to keep warm. After 200 cases were treated, 88 cases were cured/kloc-0, 8 cases were effective and 4 cases were ineffective. The cured patients used drugs at least 1 time and at most 1 1 time, and most of them were within 5 times. Those with ulcer formation have poor curative effect and pain when washing; Because it is inconvenient to soak in the face, the curative effect is not as good as that of hands and feet. Chop 30 grams of pepper with seeds, add it to 250 grams of molten vaseline, boil it for 10- 15 minutes after tumbling, filter out the pepper, then add 15 grams of camphor and mix well. In the early stage of frostbite (the victim can't use it), rub the affected area until there is a local heat sensation, 2-3 times a day.

4. Treatment of traumatic congestion: dry red pepper and grind it into very fine powder, add it into melted vaseline according to the ratio of 1: 5, stir it evenly, and when it is spicy, cool and solidify it into ointment. It is suitable for subcutaneous ecchymosis and joint swelling and pain caused by sprain, injury and collision. Apply topically and change the dressing every day or every other day 1 time. Treatment 12 cases, 7 cases were cured, 3 cases were relieved and 2 cases had no obvious effect. Effective cases are generally applied 4-9 times.

For pepper planting technology, please refer to the column of one-stop pepper planting technology in professional agriculture/Ji Shu /list/4266/