Growth habits like light, strong cold tolerance (some species can tolerate the low temperature of -50℃), barren tolerance, salt tolerance, deep roots and long life, mostly growing in granite and gneiss mountainous areas and mountainous areas with an altitude of 800-2550m m.
Distribution of origin
Lespedeza is native to Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and East Inner Mongolia. It is mostly found in miscellaneous forests in Daxing 'anling area, and now it is also distributed in Southwest China.
1. Seed collection and modulation
Seeds ripen in late September (Ning 'an County) and are picked on trees. Don't pile up the fruit after harvest, soak it in water for 5- 1? Day, after the pulp is completely rotten, discard the pulp, wash the seeds with clear water and put them in a ventilated and cool place to dry. The standard water content of seeds is 1096.
Second, the characteristics of sowing seedlings
Before sowing, accelerate the germination of seeds, otherwise the germination rate will be low and the emergence will be uneven. Young plants like light, water and fertilizer. Seedling growth is very sensitive to water and fertilizer conditions. The height of seedlings increased continuously in the whole growth period, and the growth period was long. The seedlings belong to the unearthed germination type, which develops in the same shape, and the seedlings are not branched in that year.
Third, the experience data of sowing and seedling raising
The seed purity is 80%, the 1000-grain weight is 5.0-6.2g, and the germination rate is 60-70. Sowing amount: 45-50kg/ha. The covering thickness is 0.8- 1.2 cm. Seedling yield: 600,000 plants/hectare. Xin Wei, born that year, is 30 cm high and 0.4 cm in diameter. Available for grafting.
4. Seeding and seedling raising methods
1. seed treatment (1) stratification treatment method: seed treatment is carried out 45 days before sowing. Soak the seeds in warm water at 30℃ for one night, soak the aged seeds for two nights, take out the seeds, dry them and disinfect them. Seeds are soaked in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution 1 hour, taken out and dried, and mixed with river sand to accelerate germination. Seeds and river sand are evenly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 2, the humidity of river sand is kept at 60% of saturated water capacity, the temperature of seed sand is kept at 2-5℃, and it is frequently turned. Seven days before sowing, raise the temperature of seed sand to 15-20℃ and turn it once a day. When the broken seeds account for one third of the germinated seeds, you can start sowing. (2) Snow storage method: when the snow no longer melts in winter. 30 days before sowing, the seeds were soaked in snowmelt water for one day and night, disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 65438 0 hours, mixed with sand to accelerate germination, and the river sand kept 60% of its saturated water capacity. The temperature of seed sand changes with the increase of spring temperature, turning once a day, and sowing after 30 days of germination.
2. Choosing a sowing place Fraxinus mandshurica The sowing place should choose a plot with convenient irrigation, good drainage and fertile soil. 70,000 to 80,000 kilograms of compost should be applied per hectare. Dingzishan area is not suitable for continuous cropping, and the previous crops can be crops (such as corn, sorghum, soybean, eggplant, green pepper, etc. ) or conifer nursery.
3. Sow in spring. Bed, bed width l meters, bed height 15 cm, bed length is not limited, depending on the convenience of operation. Broadcast or exercise. After sowing, it is covered with fine soil of the original bed with a thickness of 0.5-0.8 cm. After covering the soil, suppress it once with a wooden shovel. After sowing, in order to ensure the soil moisture needed for seed germination, irrigation should be done frequently. Under normal circumstances, it will be unearthed half a month after sowing.
4. Seedling management After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be properly irrigated according to the soil water content and the water demand of the seedlings. General situation-F doesn't need to be watered every day. When the seedlings grow two or three true leaves, interplanting is carried out. Before the seedling height enters the fast-growing period, after two or three times of thinning, seedlings are left per square meter 100 ~ 150, and the seedling spacing is equal. In order to make the rootstock meet the requirements of grafted seedlings in advance, we should pay close attention to weeding, loosening soil and controlling pests and diseases. The main disease at seedling stage is damping-off. Spraying bordeaux solution 1 time L: 1: 125 every week from emergence to early July can also prevent defoliation. Dimethoate or dichlorvos can kill leaf pests.
5. Dig seedlings after defoliation in autumn, and dig seedlings before soil freezes. While digging seedlings, the seedlings are selected and graded, and followed separately. Follow-in method: the depth of ditching is 30cm, the width is 1m, and the length is not limited. One layer of seedlings and one layer of wet soil are buried, and the rhizosphere soil is stabilized.