Half of the palaces of the Qing Dynasty
There are many palaces in Beijing. In the year of 1920 alone, there were 74 royal palaces recorded in Beijing Practical Guide, all of which had famous surnames and existing buildings or could be inspected. Does not include abandoned, destroyed or lost.
The status of the king must be lower than one person but higher than ten thousand people. This palace is second only to the imperial palace in scale and luxury. In the book "Urban Monsoon", Yang Dongping praised: "The Wang Fu Tower, once spread all over the nine cities, is a treasure in quadrangles and an invaluable treasure in Beijing's architectural cultural heritage." Since the 19th year of Yongle, many palaces have been built in Kyoto, which can no longer stand the test. The palaces of the Ming dynasty are gone now, and the remaining palaces in old Beijing are basically from the Qing dynasty. According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor's son came of age and the king was divided into several palaces. According to the different levels of the throne, the temple was built according to the rules. "There were eight" iron hat kings "in the Qing Dynasty, and they were" hereditary helpless "because they actively entered the customs. These eight princes are the pillars of entrepreneurship in the Qing Dynasty. They are on their own side, and there are eight families behind them. How many stories of joys and sorrows have the Eight Palaces given birth to? One of the most famous is the palace of Qianhai West Street 17 on the west coast of Shichahai.
When it comes to the palace mansion, people often only know that it is a palace, but they don't know that it is He Kun's private residence. He Kun is famous enough. Of course,-is notorious. "There were several prime ministers in the Qianlong dynasty, and they were closely related to each other; Yu Minzhong is greedy; Rich and extravagant; He Kun is a combination of horizontal, greedy and extravagant. He has been in office for more than 20 years. " These three zones have made great progress under the red flag of a surname. From the guard of honor of the main management personnel and the bodyguard of the headquarters, he was gradually promoted to assistant minister of housing, minister of military aircraft, headquarters and college students. Finally, he put on a product, and he was blinded by Gan Long. The dragon's favor unconsciously cultivated a big corrupt official. Bad guys always have reasons and supporters for success. Until the death of Qianlong, He Kun was dismissed, confiscated and owned by himself. The confiscated property is said to be worth hundreds of millions of dollars.
This mansion in Qianhai West Street doesn't know how much He Kun's assets are worth. In short, it is piled up with money from corruption and bribery. After Wang Junqing Yonglin was confiscated, he was awarded the title of "Old Qing Palace". The first year of Xianfeng became Prince Gong? This mansion was renamed the Palace Mansion. Is it easy? Because it is Liuzi, it is called Liu.
Prince gong
Hou Renzhi, a geographer, once said, "A palace is equal to half the history of the Qing Dynasty." Is it easy? He is not only the younger brother of the emperor, but also a former military minister, presiding over the affairs of prime ministers of various countries and concentrating on internal affairs and diplomacy. The history of the late Qing Dynasty is closely related to Gong. Especially after the invasion of Britain and France, was it a direct confrontation? Negotiate and sign the Beijing Treaty. Xianfeng went to Chengde to avoid disaster, and Prince Gong stayed in Beijing to "preside over state affairs". This is a difficult chess game. Even the emperor can't get rid of it. He had to entrust his younger brother as a scapegoat and bargain with the British and French Coalition forces at the gate to make amends and plead. "This is a desperate' job'. The peace talks broke down. Back in the city, what about the game? Only "martyrdom". If the peace talks are successful, he will be accused of humiliating the country and losing power. He is "facing his ancestors" and "losing face in the world". But in fact, he didn't "live up to his mission", didn't "properly" handle the "rich bureau", and used his position of "staying behind" to establish relations with foreigners, open up the situation and control Beijing. "
Prince Gong is Xianfeng's "human shield" against the Holocaust. However, Liu Zi did have certain command ability and diplomatic skills, and successfully solved this mess. Prince Gong is a hereditary aristocrat with a strong bow and strong arms. He was proud of shooting Sirius. I have to condescend to negotiate, apologize and compromise with the jackal. Think about it, it's hard enough for him. If the game? Compared with the mainstay, this is a bit exaggerated; But after all, he did his best to deal with the disaster caused by this disaster by playing a flexible diplomatic style. It's not easy.
Gong participated in almost all major political activities after the Second Opium War. In the "coup in the heart", he pushed Cixi to the throne of "listening to politics".
prince gong's mansion
The best-preserved palace complex in China
"The crescent river is like a dragon house and the western hills are like tigers." Wangfu covers an area of 100 mu. The stables and feed fields in front of the palace later became a paradise for literary writers, which is now the former residence of Guo Moruo. Gong is on the west bank of Shichahai and Chun is on the north bank. Is Prince Chun the Prince of Gongyi? Brother. Wang Fu and Wang Chunfu are the two most famous palaces in the late Qing Dynasty.
In the ninth year of Shunzhi, the Prince's Mansion approved: "The base is ten feet high and surrounded by walls. There are five main doors and three doors are open. There are seven spacious rooms in the hall, surrounded by stone walls in front. There are nine left and right wing buildings and five back halls. There are two bedrooms, each with five spacious rooms. The back building is very heavy, with seven rooms up and down. From the back hall to the floor, there is a wide row on both sides. The main entrance, hall and bedroom are all green glazed tiles. The back building, wing building and side wall are all simple tiles. There are seven kinds of chiropractors and five kinds of abbots in the main hall. The place with the main house and doorposts is decorated with red and green oil. There are three gold nails on each door. Liang Dong is gilded and painted with Yunlong with five claws and various flowers and plants. The house next to it is the main resident of Yidan, and their treasures, warehouses, kitchens, stables and waiting rooms are built on the left and right sides as appropriate. The doorpost is black and the house is tiled. " The garden part is not included, which belongs to free play space. It is estimated that as long as it does not exceed the royal garden.
Palace architecture is of the highest standard. It is divided into three roads: Middle Road, East Road and West Road. These three routes are composed of quadrangles with strict axes running through them.
Enter the palace gate with a pair of stone lions. The main buildings in the middle road are Yin 'an Temple and Le Jia Hall. The roof of the palace is made of green glazed tiles. An Dian is usually called Yin Luan Dian. As the main hall of the palace, it can only be opened at major events and festivals, which plays a ceremonial role. 1May 29, 898? Death, let your soul stop here. The next day, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu led hundreds of civil and military officials to worship here.
East Road used to be a princess's mansion, because Feng?enyende, the son of He Kun, married Gan Long's youngest daughter, Glen, and the little princess. In front of the hall in the front yard, there is a vine that has grown for more than 200 years. It used to be the former residence of Xu Ye and Feng?enyende, and was named "Yanxi Hall" by Emperor Qianlong. Prince Gong used it as a living room and study, and renamed it Dofu Concord. The "Duofu" plaque is the national title of Emperor Xianfeng, named after the "Fu" and "Shou" plaques written by the emperor in his room. The first room in the East Courtyard is called Ledaotang, which used to be the bedroom of Glen and the little princess, and later became the residence of Thai uterus.
West Road is He Kun's residence. The main buildings are Baoguang Room and Xijinzhai. When Xijinzhai was used as He Kun's living room, it was called Le Jia Hall. It was decorated in the style of the Leshou Hall of Ningshou Palace in the Forbidden City, where a beautifully carved two-story golden nanmu fairy building was built. This is Xiao Shenyang's illegal invasion and ultra vires system, and it is also one of the "20 major crimes" that he was sentenced to death. Is it easy? After check-in, I collected the calligraphy of Jin Dynasty with Ping Fu Tie, and the name of the room was changed to Western Jin Zhai.
In the last row of the building, there is a two-story building with a back cover, which is 156 meters long from east to west. There are 88 windows in the back wall, with a grid of 109, commonly known as "ninety-nine and a half rooms", which means "full" in Taoism. On the west side is the indoor garden, which runs through the upper and lower floors. Because of the rockery waterfall flowing water method, it was named "Water Law Building". The back building is located on the central axis of the main road, and there is a Buddhist temple dedicated to Five Dhyani Buddhas. Later, Gai Lou was also called Bao Lou. After He Kun was confiscated, many treasures in the building were confiscated. After Prince Gong settled down, he still collected all kinds of antique treasures here.
The palace garden is called Langrun Garden, also called Cuijin Garden. It is also called "Wanfuyuan" because the colorful paintings on the balcony are decorated with bat patterns, as well as bat ponds, bat halls and prayer boards.
Echoing the mansion, the garden is also divided into three roads: East, West and Middle.
The entrance to the middle road is a white marble arch with western architectural style. The main entrance of the park is modeled after Dafa Garden Gate in Yuanmingyuan. There are Dole Peak and Bat Pool in front of the park, and there are blue sky, small hidden platform and bat hall behind it. Under the rockery of Taihu Lake, there is a "cave" more than ten meters long, called Miyun Cave. It is said that there is a fairy cloud hidden inside. In the center of the cave is the "Fu" tablet written by Emperor Kangxi for his grandmother sourdrang dowager's birthday, engraved with the seal of "Kangxi Imperial Pen", which is the treasure of Gongwangfu Town. This is a sacred land. The main buildings in the middle road are Anshantang and Wang Gongyi? A place where guests are invited.
On the East Road, the plaque of "Yishanyuan" inscribed by Emperor Kangxi hangs on the floor of the fully enclosed theater. The hall is decorated with purple vines and flowers, which makes people feel like sitting under the vines watching the game. Zhai, located at the southern end of the Opera House, has a winding path leading to a secluded place, enjoying the beautiful scenery, singing incense and drinking the moon, and forming a garden with the pavilion.
The road on the west side is occupied by a rectangular reservoir excavated by hand. The lake pavilion can be used for fishing and watching fish. There is an autumn mountain house on the south bank. There are several stone pillars on the west bank, which are reflected in the water and are called "spiritual classics".
There is the Longwang Temple in the southwest corner of the park, which is dedicated to Wang Donghai, the dragon king of China.
Gongwangfu garden
Praise the most fun game in the lighting room? The subtle relationship with Emperor Xianfeng]
The praise room on Gonggong West Road can best reflect this kind of game. The subtle relationship with my brother Xianfeng. This plaque was given by Emperor Xianfeng when he was lucky. It means warning: as a younger brother, keep a low profile. Is it easy? I specially wrote "the light of the bag" to show that I accept the advice with an open mind.
In his later years, Daoguang was very entangled in choosing a successor. He hesitated: "If you pay a big price and haven't decided yet, then the school will go hunting in Nanyuan, and all the princes will follow, and Prince Gong will be happy." The bird that gets the most. Without firing an arrow, Wen asked, "Birds and beasts are born in spring, so they can't bear to hurt their lives and make the sky dry." Xuanzong was very happy and said, these are the words of the real emperor! "It is understandable that Du Shoutian's Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty distinguishes sons by hunting operas. But as the father of the referee, he secretly drew up another competition plan: not marksmanship, force, booty, but good and evil in people's hearts. So, are you going to get along with Wang Yi? On the contrary, he was defeated, but Xianfeng with an empty prop gun stood out.
According to missionary Guang, he once asked these two evenly matched opponents a question: What is the basis of governing the country? Prince Gong in Zhao Dali's book? ",yi? A: "Of course, this country is rich and powerful. Only by developing great economic undertakings, making the country prosperous and the people live and work in peace and contentment, can the country be stable and the Qing Dynasty be stable. Xianfeng replied: "Benevolence and filial piety are the foundation of governing the country, and morality is the best." Win people's hearts and win the world. If they don't benefit the people, improve them and win their trust, their will will be hard to control. When the people are at fault, it is difficult to achieve great things. "They both speak very well, but everyone has their own emphasis. I thought it was Yi. Be more pragmatic.
Ten fingers cannot be the same length. Is it easy? Although he is Xianfeng's brother, his personality is different. From the respective performances of Nanyuan Hunting School, it can be seen that Xianfeng is actually a mediocre person. Be brave. Two tigers are not allowed on a mountain. After Xianfeng acceded to the throne, was it easy? I had to walk on the show with my eyes open to avoid being compared with the new emperor. Even so, Xianfeng carefully excluded dissidents.
Teacher Yang Yi once compared these two brothers to Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, both of whom were fried with cowpeas. "Cao Zhi vented his anger through poetry and became an outstanding poet." Prince Gong Wei wrote a poem called Silent Poetry, which was made of bricks, blocks and stones. "The monarch can't show because of his great wisdom, and he is also depressed when he picks chrysanthemums and drinks in the open-air garden?
Is it easy? Hard bones were later reflected in the courage to resist Empress Dowager Cixi. Cixi had a slave who wanted to go out from the main entrance of the Forbidden City, but the doorman refused to let him, which violated the ancestral teachings. The two sides quarreled. Cixi dotes on her lackeys. Do you want to play? The punishment will execute a disgraced janitor. Is it easy? Resolutely refuse. Cixi was embarrassed: "Who are you? Dare to refute me? " Is it easy? "I am Prince Gong." Cixi threatened: "I want to get rid of your prince!" Is it easy? Not afraid: "You can cancel my title of prince, but you can't change my status as the sixth son of the first emperor!" " "The implication is who you are, which in turn confuses Cixi. Looks like Yi? The nature of honest people is not afraid of power, not arrogant or impetuous.
Is it easy? On the second day after his death, Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi, with the ministers of the headquarters, military aircraft, internal affairs and other departments, performed official duties in the praise room all day. Did Prince Gong agree? And funeral treatment.
[A Dream of Red Mansions is handed down from generation to generation based on Fu He Grand View Garden ][/s2/]
After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the property right of Wangfu belonged to Fu Jen Catholic University, which is the predecessor of Beijing Normal University today. The dignity and prosperity of the past really became Conan's dream.
During the years of A Dream of Red Mansions, Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue were all complacent: "Jia is not a fake, but a horse; Epang Palace, 300 miles away, cannot stay in Jinling for a long time; The East China Sea lacked a white jade bed, and the Dragon King invited King Jinling. There is heavy snow in prosperity and pearls are like gold and iron. " The four families on the rich side are all in-laws with the royal family and are defiled by too much light. The material life and mental state of princes are doomed to be worse than this. Cao Xueqin whitewashes Rong and Ning Fu, which can be compared with pure-bred Wang Fu! There are many celebrities in the Grand View Garden. There are pavilions for dancing, platforms for singing and exotic flowers and grasses, which can't keep up with the back garden of the palace.
As the prototype of the central government and the Grand View Garden, the houses and gardens of the Forbidden City spread from 0755 to 79000. It is said that there are notes of 150 years in the Qing Dynasty. The red circle is arguing endlessly about this. 1962, the State Council Prime Minister Wang Kunlun, accompanied by Gong, then vice mayor of Beijing and a famous red scientist, visited Gong and told him to protect the palace and open it when conditions permit. 1975, when Premier Zhou was seriously ill, he called Gu Mu, then vice premier of the State Council, and asked him to do three things, one of which was to open Gong's palace to the outside world.
On the eve of the 2008 Olympic Games, the Palace was restored and completely opened to tourists, becoming a big park in another sense. You want to know history of qing dynasty yourself, and Gong can't help you. Open platforms, tall halls and painted beams and columns can help you imagine how the royal relatives of the Qing Dynasty lived and died in this huge courtyard.
Palace interior design