1985 12, North Korea's accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. According to the treaty, member States must accept the inspection of their nuclear facilities by the International Atomic Energy Agency, but North Korea has always refused to accept its inspection.
In the early 1990s, according to its satellite photos, the United States suspected that North Korea had facilities to develop nuclear weapons and threatened to inspect its nuclear facilities. North Korea has repeatedly stated that it has no intention or ability to manufacture nuclear weapons, and accused the United States of deploying nuclear weapons in South Korea to threaten its security. Due to their own opinions, the dispute between the two sides on the nuclear issue has since arisen.
19911231,North Korea and South Korea initialled the Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula in Panmunjom. 1992 65438+ 10, North Korea signed the Nuclear Safety Agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency, agreeing that the agency would inspect its nuclear facilities, thus easing the tension on the Korean Peninsula.
From May 1992 to February 1993, North Korea accepted six unscheduled nuclear inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency, but the two sides disagreed on the objects and results of the inspections. 1In February 1993, the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency made a resolution on compulsory "special inspection" of North Korea's nuclear facilities, and at the same time, the United States and South Korea resumed the "cooperative spirit" joint military exercise suspended by 1992. In March of the same year, on the grounds of national security, North Korea announced its withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which it joined at the end of 1985, and the situation on the peninsula was once again tense.
Under this circumstance, the United States held two rounds of talks with North Korea at the vice foreign minister level, and made some commitments on assisting North Korea in reforming its nuclear facilities, while North Korea announced that it would not withdraw from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the time being.
1994 10 2 1 vice minister of foreign affairs of the DPRK, Jiang (front right), and the chief of the United States
Negotiator Gallucci exchanged the text of the agreement.
1994 In late February, North Korea reached a compromise with the International Atomic Energy Agency and the United States: North Korea agreed to inspect its seven nuclear facilities, the United States and South Korea agreed to stop the joint military exercise 1994, and the United States agreed to hold the third high-level talks with North Korea.
1994101October 2 1 day, after more than three weeks of intense negotiations, Jiang, head of the DPRK negotiating delegation, and Gallucci, the chief negotiator of the United States, signed a framework agreement on the DPRK nuclear issue. According to the agreement, North Korea agreed to freeze the existing nuclear program, that is, it agreed not to add nuclear fuel to a 5 MW nuclear reactor, stop building two graphite deceleration reactors, close its nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, and finally dismantle these nuclear facilities; The 8,000 nuclear fuel rods taken out by North Korea when it replaced the fuel rods of a 5 MW nuclear reactor earlier that year were temporarily stored in North Korea, which was responsible for their safe storage. In addition, North Korea also agreed to accept inspections of all its nuclear facilities in the future. According to the agreement, the United States will be responsible for building a 2000 MW or two 1000 MW light water reactors for North Korea before the end of 2003. Before the completion of the reactor, the United States and other countries will provide heavy oil to North Korea as energy compensation. North Korea's light water reactor problem
After North Korea and the United States signed the nuclear framework agreement in Geneva, the two sides still held their own views and did not give in to each other on some specific issues. First of all, on the question of what type of light water reactors to provide to North Korea, the United States insists on providing South Korean light water reactors to North Korea, while North Korea insists on opposing the acceptance of South Korean light water reactors. After a year of bargaining, the two sides reached an agreement on this model in June 1995, and North Korea accepted the plan to provide light water reactors to North Korea in the name of "Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization". Secondly, North Korea's implementation of the nuclear framework agreement has been blocked due to the delay in solving the problem of fund sharing among members of the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization. By July 1998, 1 1, the United States had only delivered15,000 tons of fuel oil to North Korea, because the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization was in debt of $47 million and could not provide further funds. Subsequently, there was a dispute between the DPRK and the United States about North Korea's "suspicious underground nuclear facilities".
On July 27th, 2003, nearly 100 Korean-Americans held a demonstration around the White House in Washington, demanding that the Bush administration step down.
Peaceful settlement of the DPRK nuclear issue. Xinhua News Agency reporter Lu She
1998165438+1October, the United States demanded an unconditional inspection of the "underground nuclear facility" in Yongbyon, North Korea, to prove that North Korea did not violate the nuclear framework agreement of 1994, but the United States was allowed to inspect it only after North Korea demanded compensation of $300 million.
1999 65438+ 10, North Korea no longer insisted on cash compensation, saying that the United States could use $300 million in food compensation, but it was rejected by the United States. It was not until mid-March that the United States and the DPRK reached an agreement on the inspection. In mid-May, an American expert team inspected North Korea's "suspicious underground nuclear facilities" and found no evidence that North Korea violated the nuclear framework agreement. On May 3 1 day, North Korea once again announced its withdrawal from the nuclear framework agreement signed with the United States on May 3 1994, and the situation on the Korean Peninsula was once again tense.
During the implementation of the Agreed Framework, the United States continued to suspect that North Korea was still developing nuclear weapons. From the end of 1997, the US Defense Intelligence Agency began to pay attention to the underground facilities in Li Jinchang, 40 kilometers north of Shangyongbyon, and dozens of other facilities. Since June 5438 +2002 10, American intelligence agencies have discovered more doubts, so Kelly, the assistant secretary of state for Asia-Pacific affairs of the United States, presented the evidence that North Korea imported centrifuges for uranium enrichment during her visit to the DPRK in June 5438+10. The DPRK first denied it, and the next day changed its mouth to admit that it was "true", saying that it was "developing more powerful weapons" and admitted to advancing the development plan of enriched uranium. The DPRK nuclear issue has once again become the focus of attention of the international community. 1 13 10 13, US President Bush decided to stop transporting heavy oil used as fuel to North Korea.
On August 27th, 2003, the six parties to the North Korean nuclear issue were in Beijing.
The talks were held at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing.
Before the talks began, the heads of the six-party delegations shook hands.
After the United States stopped supplying heavy oil to North Korea, on February 22, 2002, North Korea announced the lifting of the nuclear freeze, dismantling the monitoring equipment installed by the International Atomic Energy Agency in its nuclear facilities, and restarting the nuclear facilities used for power production. It also formally withdrew from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on June 65438+ 10/0, June 10/day. The statement also stated that North Korea has no intention of developing nuclear weapons. As long as the United States abandons its hostile policy towards the DPRK and removes the nuclear threat, North Korea can independently verify with the United States that it has not made nuclear weapons. This is the second time that North Korea has announced its withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons since it joined the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 1985.
There has been a military confrontation on the Korean Peninsula since the Korean War more than 50 years ago, and the DPRK nuclear issue is actually a continuation of the Cold War confrontation. North Korea accuses the United States of posing the greatest threat to its national security, while the United States insists on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.
North Korea believes that the North Korean nuclear issue is caused by the hostile policy of the United States towards North Korea. To solve the nuclear issue, the United States must first change its policy toward the DPRK. North Korea reiterated that as long as the United States does not give up its hostile policy toward North Korea, it will be impossible for North Korea to give up its nuclear deterrent.
In order to solve the problem, North Korea has always demanded direct dialogue with the United States, and repeatedly proposed to sign a non-aggression treaty with the United States. However, the United States demanded that North Korea first give up its nuclear program and insisted that the appropriate way to deal with the DPRK nuclear issue is through multilateral dialogue.
In order to peacefully resolve the nuclear crisis on the Korean Peninsula, China, North Korea and the United States held tripartite talks in Beijing from April 23 to 25, 2003. During the talks, North Korea put forward a package of solutions, and at the same time eliminated the security doubts of the United States and the DPRK, demanding that the United States respond.
From August 27th to 29th of the same year, the six-party talks on the Korean nuclear issue, which were attended by China, North Korea, the United States, South Korea, Russia and Japan, were held in Beijing. & gt& gt& gt
On February 25, 2004, the second round of six-party talks on the Korean nuclear issue was held in Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, Beijing. The second round of talks not only discussed substantive issues, but also made it clear that concerted steps should be taken. The first document, the chairman's statement, was published, which determined the place and time of the next round of talks and set up a working group to promote the institutionalization of the talks. & gt& gt& gt
From June 23 to June 26, 2004, the third round of six-party talks on the Korean nuclear issue was held in Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, Beijing. A presidential statement issued after the meeting said that all parties authorized the working group to hold a meeting as soon as possible, specifically determine the scope, duration, verification and corresponding measures of the first-stage measures aimed at denuclearization, and make suggestions to the fourth round of six-party talks in an appropriate manner. & gt& gt& gt
In May 2005, North Korea announced the removal of 8,000 spent fuel rods from nuclear reactors, and said that because the Bush administration tore up the framework agreement between the DPRK and the United States in February 2002 with light water reactors as the core content and threatened North Korea with nuclear weapons, North Korea restarted the 5 MW nuclear reactors frozen under the framework agreement and resumed the construction of 50,000 kW and 200,000 kW nuclear reactors. & gt& gt& gt
13 September to 19 September, the second phase of the fourth round of six-party talks on the Korean nuclear issue was held in Beijing. On June 5438+09, all the participants unanimously adopted the joint statement of the fourth round of six-party talks and reached six major consensuses on resolving the DPRK nuclear issue. North Korea promises to abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs, return to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at an early date, and return to the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The United States has confirmed that there are no nuclear weapons on the Korean peninsula, and it has no intention of attacking or invading North Korea with nuclear or conventional weapons. This joint statement marks an important step in resolving the DPRK nuclear issue, which has been brought into the track of peaceful settlement. & gt& gt& gt