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Scientific and technological figures: famous breeder Jin Shanbao.
Jin Shanbao (1895- 1997), a famous breeder, agricultural educator, agronomist and wheat expert, is the main founder of modern wheat science in China.
Jin Shanbao lost his father when he was a child, and his family was poor. He often helps his mother to raise silkworms, plant trees, pick bamboo shoots and cut wood, and has become interested in agriculture. He was admitted to public schools several times and dropped out of school because of the changes in the current situation. After graduation, I was admitted to Shaoxing No.5 Middle School in Zhejiang, and I was admitted to Nanjing Normal University as an agricultural major with relatively light expenses. After graduation, I stayed in school as an experimental farm technician.
From June 65438 to July 0930, Jin Shanbao went to the United States to study, and studied crop breeding at Cornell University and the University of Minnesota successively. 1932 returned to China, and served as an associate professor at the Agricultural College of Zhejiang University and a professor at the Agricultural College of Nanjing Central University. He compiled the Distribution of Soybean Oil and protein and the Law of Modern Improved Rice Varieties. 1928 published China's Theory of Wheat Region, which is of great significance to China's wheat research and production, and 1934 compiled the first wheat monograph of practical wheat in China.
1937 During the Japanese invasion, Professor Jin Shanbao of Agriculture Department of Central University moved to Chongqing with the school. During his stay in Chongqing, Jin Shanbao often attended the "Natural Science Symposium" hosted by Comrade Zhou Enlai. In order to express condolences to the anti-Japanese soldiers of the Eighth Route Army, Jinshan Baote presented his improved wheat variety. When Comrade Deng told him that Yan 'an had received the seeds, he was very happy. 1April 23, 949 Nanjing was liberated. In July, Jin Shanbao was invited to attend a symposium of scientists held in Beijing. After the meeting, he took part in a scientific expedition to inspect agriculture in the Northeast Liberated Area. In May of the following year, he served as Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Forestry of East China Military and Political Commission and Vice Mayor of Nanjing. 1955 was elected member of biology department of China Academy of Sciences, and the following year was awarded the title of communication academician of all-Soviet Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
1957 China academy of agricultural sciences was established in Beijing in March, with Jin shanbao as vice president, and went to work in Beijing in September 1958. During his stay at the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jin Shanbao visited major agricultural areas in China and found a new variety of "Yunnan Wheat" in the Lancang River Basin. He collected 5544 wheat varieties from all over the country, and after in-depth research and identification, he determined that they belonged to five varieties of common wheat, dense spike wheat, cone wheat, durum wheat and "Yunnan wheat" and 126 varieties respectively, and personally named them as common wheat 19 varieties and "Yunnan wheat" 6 varieties. Based on the careful study of the geographical distribution of two wheat varieties in China, it is clearly pointed out for the first time that Yunnan is the richest wheat variety in the diversity center of China.
From 65438 to 0957, his article "The Species and Distribution of Wheat in China" caused great repercussions in China. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he also organized and edited China's important book Wheat Cultivation in China.
1Feb. 956, Jin Shanbao gloriously joined China.
During the Cultural Revolution, Jin Shanbao was also "ordered" to stand aside. 1967 On National Day, when Jin Shanbao attended the ceremony in Tiananmen Square, Premier Zhou Enlai offered him the sincere hope that the Academy of Agricultural Sciences could "rely on you" and urged him to eliminate interference and resistance and continue his scientific research work as planned. Instruct assistants to carry out scientific research on southern breeding species and northern breeding species, wade across mountains and rivers to choose summer breeding sites, and investigate the breeding and growth of Ophiopogon japonicus in spring. By planting summer sowing crops in Beijing, and then planting winter sowing crops in Hainan or Yuanmou, Yunnan, the breeding cycle of spring wheat can be shortened. In that era of "sweeping everything", we just screened out the "Jinghong" spring wheat variety with wide adaptability, which has passed the test of regional differences, natural changes and diseases. In 1980s, new spring wheat varieties Zhong 7606 and Zhong 7902 were bred, which significantly increased the yield of Huanghuai wheat area and were very popular.
Besides devoting himself to agricultural education and scientific research, Jin Shanbao also served as the first and second vice-chairmen of China Agricultural Society, the second chairman of China Crops Society, the second vice-chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, a member of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, the sixth and seventh vice-chairmen of Jiu San Society, the honorary chairman of the eighth Central Committee and the representative of the first to sixth National People's Congress.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing 65438+ 10/7)
People's Daily (second edition, 065438, 2006108/00)