[1] At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was chaos in the world, and the buffer region was divided. Among them, Yangwu (Nanwu) is one of the more powerful buffer zones in Jiangnan. After Yang Long acceded to the throne, politics was chaotic and people's hearts were unstable. General Xu Wen gradually took over the power of Wu through power struggle. Xu Zhimo, a native of Haizhou, lived alone and was adopted by Xu Wen, who mastered Wu's political handle with the help of Xu Wen's influence. On the one hand, Xu Zhimo tried his best to be gentle with Yang Laochen, saying "to be in a high position and respect the elderly"; On the other hand, actively support their own forces. Vigorously attract and reward northern scholars. Famous northerners such as Han Xizai, Chang, Ma, Wang Yanzhu,, and Jiangdu gathered at this time. Followed by Jiangnan celebrities, such as Song, Cha, Feng, Bian Gao, You Jianyan and He Jingtu. , are patents put forward by Xu Zhimo at this time. After 20 years of painstaking efforts, Xu Zhimo not only greatly eased the hostility of Yang Jiuchen, but also brought together two major forces, the northerners and the Jiangnan people who supported him. The so-called "big wings, countless troops." Finally, in three years (AD 937), Xu Zhi deposed Wu Pu and ascended the throne, with the title of Daqi and Yuan. "Obedience from top to bottom, everyone means the same thing", "No change of surname". The following year, Xu Zhimo changed his name to Li Bian and changed his country name to Tang. As a result, in troubled times, Nantang, which took the inheritance of Tang Dynasty as its own responsibility and sought the unification of the world, stepped onto the stage of China history. Libian

After the Southern Tang Dynasty gained the country, Li Bian, the fierce ancestor, took protecting the soil and the people as the basic national policy, stopped fighting and negotiated peace, established the country as a good neighbor, and maintained relatively peaceful relations with neighboring countries. At the same time, the Khitan was settled to contain the Central Plains regime. So the Jiangnan region maintained peace for a long time, and social production gradually recovered and developed rapidly. At the same time, the government is frivolous, persuading farmers and encouraging business. Merchants exchanged tea and silk with the Central Plains for sheep and horses, and then traded with Qidan by sea. In handicraft industry, Nantang has made outstanding achievements in textile industry, printing and dyeing industry, mining and metallurgy industry, tea making, paper making, salt drying, shipbuilding, gold and silver ceramics and stationery manufacturing. Not only the output is high, but also the technology is fine, and many famous products and top grades have emerged. Li Bian's national policy of "stopping the soldiers and protecting the people" created a peaceful and stable social environment in the Jianghuai area and promoted the economic and cultural prosperity of the Southern Tang Dynasty. At the same time, Southern Tang Dynasty is also an art dynasty, which has made outstanding achievements in literature, art, calligraphy and music. Li Bian set up imperial academy, promoted imperial examinations, and widely built academies and painting academies. The stable and prosperous Southern Tang Dynasty has become an ideal place for literati and officialdom who have suffered from the vicissitudes of war. Scholars in the north of the Yangtze River live here, where "Confucian clothes and book clothes flourish in the southern Tang Dynasty" and "cultural relics have the wind of harmony". "The natives in the north are moved by the wind, and there is no day." The prosperity of social culture in Southern Tang Dynasty is unique among all separatist regimes in the history of Five Dynasties, Ten Countries and even China. However, due to Li Bian's self-protection under the fierce separatist regime, the military strength of the Southern Tang Dynasty declined and the favorable opportunity for reunification was lost. In the seventh year of Shengyuan (AD 943), Li Bian, the fierce ancestor, died, and his son Li Jing (first named Jing Tong) succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Li Jing (AD 9 16 ~ 96 1), with the titles Sambo, Zhongxing and Jiaotai. During this period, wars were frequent, and wuyue's military actions often echoed the Central Plains regime. In order to deal with wuyue, in the third year of Baoda (AD 945), Nantang took advantage of the civil strife in Fujian to send troops to occupy Jian 'an (now Jian 'ou, Fujian), Ting (now Changting, Fujian) and Zhang (now Fujian), destroy Fujian and capture Wang. The five mountains are surrounded on three sides. Wuyue also took the opportunity to send troops to compete with Nantang for the land of Fujian and win Fuzhou (now Fujian). In the seventh year of Baoda, Huaibei was in the chaotic season at the end of Jin Dynasty and Han Dynasty. Excavate saw that the situation was not good, and sent Huangfuhui to the sea and Sizhou to recruit refugees from various powerful armed forces and wars. In the ninth year of Baoda, Ma Xiyue met Ma, and Nan Tang took the opportunity to make a fortune, destroying Chu in one fell swoop, and Ma Xichong surrendered. Later, Chu defeated the Nantang Army with him (later killed by his subordinates, Zhou Xingfeng and his son Zhou Baoquan ruled Hunan successively), and Chu gained and lost Hunan. From the thirteenth year of Baoda (955 AD) to the first year of Jiaotai (958 AD), Nantang was invaded three times in the last three weeks, and Nantang was always in a passive defense state.

Unfavorable situation Shouzhou World War I, Chai Rong used personal expedition, Zhou Jun was on a roll, then captured Si, Hao, Chu and other States, Tang Jun collapsed thousands of miles, and the Huaihe River water army was wiped out. Excavate's biography of Chai Rong by invitation is located in Hongji, Prince. Please take the river as the boundary. The Southern Tang Dynasty dedicated all the land in Jiangbei, including fourteen states in Huainan and two counties in Ezhou in Jiangbei. At the same time, Nantang surrendered to the Zhou Dynasty last year. In order to avoid the sharp edge of the later Zhou Dynasty, Li Jing moved the capital to Hongzhou, calling it Nanchang (now Jiangxi) House. Since then, the national strength of Nantang has been greatly damaged, and it is no longer strong as a big country. In the second year of Song Dynasty (AD 96 1), Li Jing died, and Li Yu (formerly Jia, 937 ~ 978) succeeded to the throne and returned to Jinling as the capital. At this time, the domestic political and social contradictions in the Southern Tang Dynasty were hard to return. Economically, since the defeat of Huainan, the Southern Tang Dynasty has paid a high tribute to the Central Plains every year. The Southern Tang Dynasty initially spanned Jiangnan and Jiangbei, and the economies of the North and the South complemented each other. For example, the south of the Yangtze River is short of salt, and the north of the Yangtze River produces salt. After losing Huainan, Nantang not only lost its important salt producing area, but also spent huge sums of money to buy salt from the Central Plains regime. Financial embarrassment forced the Southern Tang regime to increase taxes, which led to complaints. People under the jurisdiction of Southern Tang Dynasty have a deep memory of Li Houzhu's exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees. It was not until many years after the reunification of the Northern Song Dynasty that they still mentioned that even geese, twins and willows had to be taxed in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Politics became increasingly chaotic in the late Southern Tang Dynasty. As the new Lord ascended the throne, a new round of party struggle within the imperial court began. When Song Jun came from all directions, Nantang was still in such a cycle of political internal friction, and people were divided. Li Yu is good at writing, painting and calligraphy, and knows the rhythm, but obviously he is not familiar with politics. At this time, he entrusted the national politics to Zhang Yue, who was the assistant of the prince. Song dynasty destroyed southern Tang dynasty

After the song dynasty destroyed the southern Han dynasty, the southern Tang dynasty was sandwiched between three sides. Li Yu surrendered openly and prepared for war in secret in order to protect himself. At the same time, he sent messengers to the Song Dynasty to be sealed by the policy, and stationed troops at various points in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to prevent attacks. In September, the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 974), Li Yu refused to come to the DPRK as his resignation, and sent 65,438+10,000 troops to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty in three ways: East Road Wu, recruiting commanders for the southeast of Zhangzhou, led tens of thousands of soldiers from Hangzhou to the north to coordinate and sent Ding Deyu to supervise the army; Cao Bin in the middle road and Pan Mei, the governor, led a water army of 654.38+ 10,000, advancing eastward along the river from Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei); Wang Ming, the west road, was deployed to patrol Chijiang Road and Zhanba Road to contain the Nantang Army in Hukou and ensure the main force to advance eastward. Li Yu, the late ruler, relied too much on the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and missed the opportunity to use Song Jun to counterattack crossing the river. /kloc-in October, Song Jun successfully crossed the Yangtze River. Quarrying, Qinhuai River, Wankou three wars, Nantang repeatedly defeated, the elite troops in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River lost. In March of the eighth year of Kaibao, Song Jun arrived at the gates of Jinling. In June, Wu Yuejun captured Runzhou, the gateway east of Jinling. Jinling, the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty, fell into a tight encirclement, and the late Lord urgently called foreign troops to rescue Jinling. However, all this is too late. 10, 15 Wan Shuijun (Zhu Lingyun Department) rushed from Jiangxi to Jinling, which was almost completely annihilated in Hukou World War I, and Jinling's foreign aid was completely cut off and became an isolated city. Then the Lord insisted on defending the city to the end. Jinling, besieged on all sides, is short of food and grass and has low morale. 1 1 month 12, Cao Bin's army in the northern song dynasty began to attack the city from three sides, and 5000 soldiers in the southern Tang dynasty raided the northern village of Song Jun at night, but failed. 27, Li Yufeng Song Jun city table to surrender. Southern Tang Dynasty died.

Monarchs of past dynasties

Lie on the edge of Li.

Born on December 2nd, the first year of Tang Wende (October 7th, 65438+889). The real name is Xu Zhi Patent, the word is correct, and the fine print is Peng Nu, from Xuzhou. Originally an orphan, he was taken in by Yang Xingmi during the war and given to Xuwen as his adopted son. After Xu Wen's death, he mastered the military and political power of Wu. He used to be the prime minister and marshal of Wu State, and in 937 he deposed Emperor Wu and established the Southern Tang Dynasty. In the third year of Yuan Dynasty (939), his surname was changed to Li Bian. In the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty (943), he died of illness, and he became Wu Gaoxiao, with a strong temple name.

Yuan zong Li Jing

Li Jing (9 16-96 1), whose real name is Apollo, was born in Xuzhou, the eldest son of a fierce ancestor. In 943, he succeeded to the throne. Later, due to the threat of the later Zhou Dynasty, the emperor was separated and renamed as the monarch, and the history was called the Lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty. After he acceded to the throne, he began to use foreign troops on a large scale to destroy Chu and Fujian. When he was in office, the territory of Southern Tang Dynasty was the largest. However, Li Jing's extravagance led to political corruption and the decline of national strength. Li Jing is good at reading and has many talents. He often dines and writes poems with his favorites Han Xizai and Yan Feng. His writing has sincere feelings, fresh style and simple language. "Small building blows through jade and calms the cold" is a famous sentence throughout the ages. He died in 19961at the age of 47. Yuan Zong, the name of this temple, was named Wenxuanxiao by Emperor Chongde of Ming Dow. His poems are recorded in two main languages of the Southern Tang Dynasty.

Queen Li Yu

Li Yu, formerly known as Jia Cong, was weighed as Guang, Zhong Yin and Lian Feng. The sixth son of the Lord, from Xuzhou. In 19961year, he ascended the throne in 15. Statue of the late monarch Li Yu

When he ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty had served Song Zhengshuo and settled in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River. In the seventh year of Song Kaibao (974), Song Taizu wrote to the North many times, but he refused to leave. In October of the same year, Song Bing went south. In November of the following year, the city was broken, and the first Lord dropped his watch and was captured to Bianjing, where he was ordered to disobey orders. Song Taizong was made Duke of Longxi. In 978, the third year of Taiping rejuvenating the country, it was the second birthday of the old country. Song Taizong hated his guts for saying that "the old country can't look back on the bright moon" and ordered people to poison the banquet. Queen Wu was sealed and buried in Mangshan, Luoyang.

In addition to the father and son of the middle Lord and the latter Lord, the father and son of General Huangfu played a key role in the fate of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The battle of Huainan was the key battle that decided the fate of the later Zhou Dynasty and the Southern Tang Dynasty. Through this campaign, Zhao Kuangyin gained huge political and military capital, and his main opponent in this campaign was Huang Fuhui, a famous southern Tang Dynasty.

Huangfuhui is from Weizhou (now Daming, Hebei). At the end of the Tang Dynasty, he was a soldier in Zhou Bei (now Qinghe, Hebei). At that time, Li lost power and influence in the Tang Dynasty, and the world was deserted. Huang Fuhui and his gang hijacked the boss and declared: "Tang was able to win the world by breaking the beam because he first got the support of Hebei soldiers from Weizhou." Wei Jiajun played for more than ten years, and now the world is stable, but the son of heaven does not sympathize with Wei Jun's long-term defense, which makes it difficult for us to return home. If the son of heaven is angry, I will sit in the state and rebel. " Under the guidance of Pianjiang Zhao, they burned Zhou Bei overnight and returned to Weizhou. Huangfuhui rode hundreds of soldiers through the city. When you arrive at a family, ask him his last name and answer "Guo". Huangfuhui said: "I should break the country!" Then kill it. When I arrived at another house, I asked him his last name and answered "Wan". Huang Fuhui said, "I killed ten thousand families." Kill it all. In the later Tang Dynasty, Ming Taizu and Li Siyuan acceded to the throne, and Huangfuhui was worshipped as the secretariat by the soldiers. In the late Jin Dynasty, Huangfuhui went to the Southern Tang Dynasty and served as our envoy in Jiangzhou, making the same arrangement as Zhongshu.

When Zhou Shi attacked Huainan, Huang Fuhui was the aid ambassador of the northern camp. Zhao Kuangyin divided his troops to take Chuzhou, and Huang Fuhui led hundreds of troops to guard Jingzhou. In the first battle of Liu Qing Pass, Zhou Shi was defeated. Zhao Kuangyin was worried and asked the villagers about the local situation. The villagers said that there was a scholar Zhao who taught in the village, and he was very wise, so he went to visit. Zhao Jinshi said that there was a secret passage in Guanxia, and even Nan Tangjun didn't know it, so he could go directly to Guanxia. Zhao Kuangyin led the army out of the path at night, and sure enough, he cut off the entrance. Huangfuhui rushed to fight and was captured. With the destruction of Chuzhou, the situation of the troops in the Southern Tang Dynasty took a sharp turn for the worse, which eventually led to a total rout. This rural pedant was the later founding prime minister Zhao Pu.

Huangfuhui, who was seriously injured, was escorted to Zhou Shizong, and Sejong, who has always cherished talents, personally visited the bedside. Huangfuhui is also unambiguous. One minute he said, "I'm tired and want to sit down for a while", and then he said, "I want to lie down for a while" and smiled. He said: "It's not that I don't try my best to govern the country. I'm a leader. I've fought dozens of wars, big and small, and I've never lost. But your subordinate Zhao and his army are really better. I am wise and strong, and I think I am inferior! " He refused to treat the wound and died of serious injuries.

After Huangfuhui's death, his son Huangfujixun was promoted to the commander of Shenwei Scout. He was young and had no military exploits, but he became a general because of Huang Fuhui's reputation. Huangfujixun loves pleasure, with Jinling as the first famous garden and many prostitutes. Song Jun Enemy at the Gates, he didn't want to die like his father at all. He longed to surrender and die as soon as possible. I gloated when I heard that the army was defeated. His men tried to strike hard at night, but he arrested them, whipped them and imprisoned them. With ulterior motives, he colluded with imperial envoys and kept the latter completely confidential. The latter called him to discuss the matter, and he refused to go on the pretext of busy military affairs. When my late master went to town, he saw the banner of Song Shi everywhere, only to know that he had been sold. After sending the deceased back to the palace, Huang Jixun casually walked out of the palace gate, but a group of angry soldiers had already waited there, swarmed and chopped him to pieces.

It's not easy to persist.

Li (9 16-96 1), the leader of the Central Plains Dynasty, succeeded to the throne as emperor in the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (943) and changed to Baoda. It is a bit arrogant to call Li the king of persistence. The reason for saying this is mainly relative to Li Yu, the late ruler. After all, Li did not lose his inheritance, and in the early days of his reign, due to the strong national strength of Nantang, he also expanded the country's territory, annexed some counties and counties, and increased Li Chuanshi's 28 States to 35 States. Only in the later period of the reign, Li met the post-hero Chai Rong in a daze. Li was defeated in the contest between the two men, losing a large area of land and the elite of the army. The country became a vassal of the later Zhou Dynasty and never recovered.

Li loves literature and has a gentle disposition. He likes others to speak well of him. As a result, those flatterers have a place to play, and the government is in chaos. The most typical one is his favorite Feng Yansi (Feng Yansi is in the middle, and there have been two versions of his title: one says that the title has been extended and the other says that the title has been extended). Feng Yansi's position in the history of China's poetry follows that of the two outstanding poets in the Southern Tang Dynasty. More than 100 of his poems have been handed down, including Yangchun Ji. Wang Guowei said in "Tales on Earth": "Although Feng (in the word) did not lose the wind of the Five Dynasties, his poems were very large and opened the atmosphere of the Northern Song Dynasty. The middle and the last two main words are outside the scope of Huajianji, so it is best not to print a word in Huajianji. " Liu Xizai also said in "Introduction to Art": "In Feng Yansi's ci, Yan Shu Tong (Yan Shu) is more handsome than Ouyang Yongshu (Ouyang Xiu)." It can be seen that Feng Yansi's influence on Song Ci is enormous.

Such an excellent poet, Feng Yansi is an out-and-out scumbag politically. Li, the great old gentleman, admired his talent when he was young, so he was named a doctor and asked him to accompany Prince Li. Li and Feng Yanji, who like to write lyrics and compose music, hit it off at once. The two have the same hobbies, and they often write lyrics and sing together, and their feelings naturally increase day by day. Therefore, since Li became the king of Qi, he has always been his secretary in charge, and then he has served as prime minister twice, and he is in power, which is well known in both the government and the public. Such a person, after winning the favor of his master, immediately became a bully. In order to buy concubines, he and his younger brother Feng forged the will of former owner Li and ordered people to sell their children. Minister Xiao Yanyan saw through his trick and sued Li, but Li went away to take care of his face. Feng Yansi tried his best to win honor for his pet. After the death of former master Li, Li Gang ascended the throne. At that time, just a secretary in charge, running around gossiping with Li, going several times a day. Feeling a little annoyed, Li reprimanded him and said, "Even if you are the secretary in charge, you should have your own things to do. Why are you so annoying and always coming to me? " Although he was "shut out" this time, he seized the vanity of China leader Lee and flattered him with sweet words whenever he had the chance. On one occasion, he said, "It turned out that during the war, we only lost thousands of soldiers, and the first emperor could not eat." How can such a rural old farmer achieve great things in the world? " Now your majesty has tens of thousands of troops fighting outside, and he still enjoys hitting the ball. This is the true wise Lord! Peter said that Li was very happy when he heard this. "。 When he became prime minister, he knew that Li didn't like diligence. In order to monopolize the power, he told a big lie: "The world can't be peaceful because I can't display my true talents. Your majesty should not deal with those specific matters personally in the future. Just leave it to me. "This is what the Lord wants. What is Feng Yansi's real talent? It can be seen from his hectic handling of the Hunan uprising and the loss of teachers' land that he actually has no administrative ability.

The ministers in the same dynasty saw the true face of Feng Yansi. On one occasion, Feng Yansi was rude to pastor Sun Sheng. He said, "How did your boy get into this official now?" Sun Sheng was very angry. He replied, "Son, I'm just a scholar in Jiangbei. I'm not as good as one-tenth of you in writing lyrics, one-tenth of you in drinking and being funny, and one hundred times as good as you in flattery and cunning. I don't care that you always despise me. But the emperor asked you to help the prince, so that you could influence him with morality. Don't miss the national events! Boy, where I am now. I don't know how I got it, but those crooked ways you are good at are likely to ruin our country. " This shows the difference of Feng Yansi's personality.

At the same time, the Southern Tang Dynasty launched a fierce struggle around the establishment of the reserve team. In the army of Enemy at the Gates in the later Zhou Dynasty, he wanted to cede the throne to Jingsui, the emperor's younger brother, and let Song, a teacher, take over the power, but Chen Qiao, a veteran, didn't understand it correctly. Surprisingly, the emperor's big brothers, Jing Sui and Jing Da, successively wrote letters refusing to save money. Li Sui took the opportunity to break the pledge of "brotherhood", sent the emperor's eldest brother Jing Sui to Hongzhou to be the king of Jin, and made his eldest son Rebecca Hongji the prince. Prince Hongji, with a heavy personality and few words, has made many military achievements. He should have been a very good candidate, but the long wait and suffering made him lose patience, and he became headstrong and fierce. In order to change the situation that Li Guo is weak and Taiwan is weak, he is going to carry out drastic reforms and let all the old officials in the court who he doesn't like be dismissed. This group of frustrated people gathered around Li, crying about the grievances of Prince Hongji, which made Li very angry. On one occasion, he called the prince and gave him a good beating with a stick, saying that he would abolish him, but he still became the emperor. When the prince heard this, he was very flustered and frightened. He sent someone to Hongzhou, poisoned the pigeons, killed his uncle and created a bloody case. The prince's antics deceive everyone's eyes, but not his own conscience. He suddenly became ill, getting worse and worse, and finally died.

Li lost his brothers and sons one after another, and among all the philosophers, six sons were the largest, from Jia, so Li ignored the opposition of the ministers and made him a prince in the sixth year of Xiande in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (959). In June of the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (96 1), Li died and Prince Jia succeeded to the throne. This is the last monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu.

It is extremely unwise for Li to do so. Take yourself as an example. He is a man who doesn't like politics very much, doesn't want to be an emperor, and doesn't know how to be an emperor. He was forced to do it. During the reign of Li, the national strength of the Southern Tang Dynasty went from bad to worse. It was only at that time that the north was in a terrible uproar that the country did not die at his hands. Unfortunately, although he knew this, he made the same mistake and set up a prince like himself. Li also had an unshirkable responsibility for the downfall of the Southern Tang Dynasty.

be beset with a crisis

Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was originally named Jia Cong, whose word is Chongguang. She is known as a hermit in Zhongshan, a hermit in Zhongfeng, a layman in Lianfeng and a layman in Zhongfeng An Baili. Not only was his birthday very strange (he was born on Valentine's Day in China), but he also looked different after his birth. History books call him "the eyes of your teeth", that is, he has two front teeth and one eye has two pupils. When he grows up, he is handsome, beautiful and talented. He is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and has a smooth melody. He is surrounded by literati in the Southern Tang Dynasty, such as Han Xizai, Feng Yansi, Li Jianxun and Xu Xuan. Before he ascended the throne, he had been living a life of literati, which meant "stone, mud flowers and moon in poetry".

His original poems were romantic, but the cruelty of political struggle in the Southern Tang Dynasty made him choose to escape from reality and concentrate on writing. His father is a gentle and indifferent person. Because of the problem of the throne, he often breaks up with his uncles. There is also a difference between the ministers of the DPRK and China. His father is sad all day, which makes him feel that being king is not much fun. The biggest stimulus to Li Yu is his brother, former Prince Hongji. They have a good relationship and are brothers who talk about everything. But after Li Yu grew up, he gradually developed the image of a gentleman, especially his heavy eyebrows and eyes, which is the difference between the legendary Dashun and Xiang Yu, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty. Hongji gradually became jealous of Li Yu, fearing that Li Yu would compete with him for the crown prince in the future. In fact, Li Yu is not interested in imperial power. Later, when he wrote to Zhao Kuangyin, he said, "I was born with a soft heart, and I was raised by my father and brother. Le Riyue has a good trip. " He also said in the word "Fisherman": "A pot of wine, a steelyard, how many people are there in the world", "a spring breeze, a boat, a cocoon and a light hook. Flowers are full of Zhu, wine is full of Europe, and you are free in the waves. " These words are really a true portrayal of his heart. Brother hongji suspects him. Although he is very sad, he is as good as ever to his brother. Hong Gene was seriously ill for playing tricks, and Li Yu's care before and after running made him deeply moved. Therefore, before he died, Hongji confided to Li Yu the human tragedy of poisoning his uncle Jing Sui, which greatly stimulated Li Yu and made him more and more disgusted with politics.

Because Li Yu is not the eldest son and Hong Ji is also very capable, Li Yu never wanted to be the king of a country in the past. He really wants to be a captain in his lifetime. He named himself a hermit in Zhongshan, a hermit in Zhongfeng, a layman in Lianfeng and a layman in An Baili in Zhongfeng, all of which were full of negative birth and escape from seclusion. However, after Hongji and his father died one after another, the land of the Southern Tang Dynasty accidentally fell into his hands. What's more, at this time, the situation of division is drawing to a close, and the pattern of China's great reunification is getting closer and closer with one's accession to the throne. This man is Zhao Kuangyin, a figure who was born under the prayer of Li Siyuan, the post-Tang Ming emperor.

According to legend, in the Five Dynasties, Li Siyuan (867-933, a member of Tang Shatuo) was diligent in governing the country, and was known as "the master of a well-off society" by later generations. In a sacrificial ceremony, he prayed with infinite sincerity: "I am a barbarian, can I rule the world?" The world has been in chaos for a long time. May the saints be born early. Soon, (927-976) was born in the home of Zhao, a general in the later Tang Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin replaced the Hou Zhou Dynasty and established the Da Song Dynasty. Fortunately, he got a good family business. British monarch Chai Rong (92 1-959) founded this family business. Chai Rong has been in office for more than five years, determined to "open the world in ten years, support the people in ten years and achieve peace in ten years". He drastically reformed politics, reorganized the army, rewarded production, built water conservancy projects, melted Buddha coins and fixed land taxes. In the Northern Expedition, the four states of Houshu, Cheng, Qin and Feng were successively taken, and the Jianghuai area in the southern Tang Dynasty 14 state, and then the Khitan was attacked in the north, and the states of Mo, Ying and Yi 17 county were recovered in one fell swoop, which laid a solid foundation for the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty. After Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne, he adopted the unified war strategy of "easy first, difficult later" and "south first, then north", and prepared to annex the southern separatist regimes such as Jingnan, Nanhan, Houshu, wuyue and Nantang in turn, and finally deal with the northern rival Liao Dynasty and the northern Han under the control of the Liao Dynasty.

The Southern Tang Dynasty that Li Yu took over was really a mess. The treasury is not rich, and it has been defeated repeatedly, and it has to pay tribute to the north. In the fifth year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (958), after China leader Li surrendered, he sent millions of silver, silk, money, tea and grain to Chai Rong in the name of the old gentleman. When Li Yugang acceded to the throne, he also gave 2,000 taels of gold, 22,000 taels of silver and 30,000 pieces of gauze to the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Pu, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, gave fifty-two thousand silver at a time. Nantang was originally a small country, and the result of such tossing was often beyond the means. In the last years of Li, Zhong You, the leader and minister of China, demanded that a large sum of money be cast as "eternal spring goods" to tide over the financial crisis. After Li Yu ascended the throne, he issued iron money to help the emergency in the second year of Gande (964), and at the same time he had to raise taxes under various excuses to increase his income. Later, even the folk geese gave birth to double eggs, and catkins were taxed. It was crazy! Southern Tang lost its elite in many wars, and most of the rest were exhausted and demoralized. As a strategic buffer, Jiangbei 14 has fallen. Once the army of the Northern Song Dynasty crossed the Yangtze River, the gate of the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty was opened, and there was no danger to follow. Originally, northerners were uncomfortable getting on the boat, and the water army in the southern Tang Dynasty was sharp. However, the Southern Tang navy was lured to surrender by the Northern Song Dynasty, and many prisoners were captured. Zhao Kuangyin used these people to step up the training of the water army, and the last advantage of Nantang was lost.

Ministers in the Southern Tang Dynasty have always been good at playing politics. Since the founding of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Song He has formed two factions, fighting and attacking each other, which has caused great internal friction, and both the former master Li and the middle master Li are bored. After Li Yu ascended the throne, there were many talents in the DPRK, such as Chen Qiao, Xu Xuan, Han Xizai, Pan You and Zhang. But because Li Yu can't fathom their temper, he can't make good use of them. Han Xizai is the most typical one. Han Xizai (902-970), a native of Beihai, Shandong Province, was a Southern Tang Jinshi in the Five Dynasties, specializing in articles and poems. He is an old minister of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Three Dynasties, and a minister of the Ministry of War. When he was young, he had great ambitions. When he left his hometown for Jiangnan, a good friend named Li came to see him off. He said to Li, "If Jiangnan appoints me as the Prime Minister, it won't be long before Jiangnan will March forward and pacify the Central Plains." Li also said: "If the Central Plains let me be the prime minister, it would be as easy to pacify the south of the Yangtze." Later, the later Zhou attacked Jiangnan, and Li Jue was appointed as the general, easily seizing the land of Huainan. Because Han Xizai is a northerner, he has never been reused. When Li Houzhu first acceded to the throne, he was very skeptical. Pigeons killed many northern ministers, and Han Xizai deliberately indulged in debauchery in order to escape the suspicion of Li Houzhu in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu was dissatisfied with Han Xizai's dissolute life, so he sent Gu, a painter, to sneak into Han's home, carefully observe what Han did, and then paint for him. This painting is now in the Palace Museum, and its name is Han Xizai's Night Banquet. Such a beautiful and vivid picture reflects the embarrassing state of mutual suspicion and distrust between the monarch and the minister in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Afterwards, Han Xizai was not reused by Li Yu, and eventually died of desolation.

There was no successful diplomacy in Southern Tang Dynasty. Although it is also a "distant friend and close attack", painting a tiger is not anti-dog. Recently, Wu Yueguo and Nantang got along well. Former master Shi Li took the initiative to make up with them, and even helped Wu Yueguo when he was in trouble, thus losing the opportunity to dominate Jiangnan again and again. China leader Shi Li was in civil strife in Fujian, and Southern Tang took the opportunity to seize territory. Wu Yueguo also intervened, and the two countries eventually turned against each other, but the two countries did not live in complete harmony. Later, Wu Yueguo took refuge in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty. Every time Nantang was attacked by the north, Wu Yueguo had to fish in troubled waters, but Nantang was helpless. This is a "close attack". As for "distant friendship", it refers to two countries in the north: Qidan Liao and Northern Han. The Khitan was the object of the Southern Tang Dynasty's best friendship, but at this time, the owner of the Liao State was the famous bad king Liao Mu (93 1-969) in history, who was called the "sleeping king". He often drinks too much, is cruel, treats human life like dirt, and kills people if he is slightly unhappy. Such a bad king naturally didn't take Nantang to heart, and King Mu of Liao coveted only those gifts from Nantang. King Liao Mu also sent his uncle to Nantang. His head was cut off by the assassins of the later Zhou Dynasty because of the poor care of the Southern Tang Dynasty. King Mu of Liao was angry and broke up with the Southern Tang Dynasty.

Even so, Li Yu played an extremely active role in governing the country, trying to bring some changes to the lifeless Southern Tang Dynasty. In the early years of his accession to the throne, Li Yu really made great efforts to govern, with clear rewards and punishments. He established the Longxiang Army and practiced water warfare in case of emergency. The Jinling bonfire party put Han in charge of public security in Beijing, but this man was domineering and often bullied the people for no reason. Professor Lu Ying of imperial academy was angered, pulled Han off his horse and gave him a good beating. Han came to Li Yu and shouted: Li Yu was resolute and immediately dismissed Han. People are all impressed by the crisp and neat means of the late master, and this matter has been sung in Jiangnan for a while. Li Yu has always wanted to find an excellent prime minister to help him turn the tide. He also tried to play the role of Han Xizai, but because he couldn't accept such a bohemian prostitute as prime minister, things finally fell through. He often praised those who made great contributions to the country, such as Lu Zhaofu who lived up to his mission in the Song Dynasty and Xu Ge, a bachelor of Jixian Temple. They kept their integrity and selected many talents for the country. This convinced the whole Manchu dynasty. At that time, the people turned their backs, the weather in the southern Tang Dynasty changed greatly, and the country gained temporary peace.

National extinction and personal imprisonment

After a long time, Li Yu was carried away by the temporary stability, relaxed his vigilance and began to run amok. Li Yu, the Buddha, changed into a monk's costume with the queen every time he went to North Korea, and began to chant Buddhist scriptures and worship Buddha every day, so that a wart grew on his cheek. Besides becoming a Buddha, he also loves playing chess. In order to play chess with the valet, he often refused to summon ministers. Bored, he pondered how to improve papermaking and inkstone making. Made a good paper and inkstone, but also abandoned politics. His queen is a very playful woman. She is good at playing the pipa, so her later master found her a flute-burning pipa. She created a leaf lattice game (similar to today's card game), and she is also proficient in fashion design, creating high-bun, slim-fitting tops, beautiful-looking clothes, making perfume and enjoying dancing. Li Yu has a soft spot for the queen, and it is inevitable that she will drag her feet in government affairs. Li Yu's "Huanxisha" vividly describes this kind of drunken life: "The red sun is three feet high, the golden stove adds fragrance to the beast, and the red brocade lichen wrinkles step by step. Beautiful women are a little slippery when dancing. The wine is not good, smell the flowers and smell him. " He is often addicted to his children's affairs, and two words can best express his feelings. One is "A Tiger Pearl": "Just after Xiao's makeup, Shen Tan is heavier, revealing lilacs to people. A clear song, temporarily lead the cherry blossoms to break. Luo sleeve sleeve residual color, the cup was deeply twisted by incense. Embroidered bed leaning on jiao, chewing red velvet, laughing "; The other song is "Bodhisattva Man": "The bright moon is dark and foggy, so we can go to Langbian tonight. Step by step socks, holding gold thread shoes. See you at the south bank of the gallery, always shivering. It is difficult for a slave to come out, and teach Lang compassion. " These two words are very fragrant, unlike what a gentleman does. He has a maid-in-waiting named Niang, who is light, beautiful, good at dancing, silk-bound feet, slender and curved like a crescent moon, dancing on a six-foot-high golden lotus in plain socks, and he is on cloud nine. According to legend, China women's foot binding began at that time. You are so dissolute that you can't die.