1, Qin Shihuang
Qin Shihuang (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC) surnamed Zhao, also known as (Zheng) and, or Zulong, was the son of Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang. China is a famous politician, strategist and reformer in history, an iron-fisted politician who unified China, and the first monarch in China to be called the emperor. ?
Qin Shihuang was born in Handan (now Handan), the capital of Zhao State, and spent his youth here. In the first 247 years, 13 was king. 238 years ago, when I was 22 years old, I held the coronation ceremony of the monarch in Yongcheng, the old capital, and began to "manage state affairs personally", getting rid of Lv Buwei, Lao Ai and others, and reusing Lisi and Liao Wei.
From 230 to 22 1 year, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively. At the age of 39, he completed the great cause of reunifying China, established a powerful centralized country with the Han nationality as the main body, and laid the territory of China.
Qin Shihuang thought his contribution was better than that of the previous Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and adopted the titles of "Emperor" and "Emperor" of Huang San. He was the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in the history of China, so he called himself "the first emperor".
At the same time, the central government implements three public officials and nine ministers to manage state affairs. The enfeoffment system was abolished at the local level and replaced by the county system. At the same time, books are written in the same language and cars are on the same track. Unified measurement. Attacking Xiongnu in the north, conquering Baiyue in the south, building the Great Wall of Wan Li, building Lingqu and connecting the water system.
However, in the later period, seeking immortals, entrapping the people and killing their wisdom shook the ruling foundation of the Qin Dynasty. 2 10 years ago, Qin Shihuang died in Xingtai sand dune on his way eastward.
2. Xiang Yu
Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC), surnamed Xiang, was a descendant of the State of Chu (now Suqian, Jiangsu), the grandson of Xiang Yu, a famous strategist and strategist of Chu, a representative of China's military thought "Military Intelligence" (military situation, military tactics, military yin and yang, military skills), and also a military commander famous for his outstanding personal force.
Li Wanfang's evaluation of it is "the brave feather is unparalleled through the ages." Sima Qian wrote in Historical Records: Xiang was General Chu, and was sealed in Xiang, so he was named Xiang.
Xiang Yu followed his uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) to fight against Qin in his early years. After Xiang Liang was killed, he led an army to cross the river to save Zhao Wangxie, and defeated Qin Jun's main forces led by Zhang Han and Wang Li in the Battle of Julu.
After Qin's death, he was called the overlord of the West Chu, with Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province) as the capital, and the system of enfeoffment was implemented, and the heroes of Qin State and the nobles of six countries were crowned kings. Then Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty, sent troops from Hanzhong to attack Xiang Yu, and launched a Chu-Han war with Xiang Yu for four years.
Xiang Yu repeatedly defeated Liu Bang in the frontal battlefield, while Peng Yue constantly destroyed supplies behind Xiang Yu. Han Xin unified the Yellow River north and moved south, and Xiang Yu suspected his father Fan Zeng, who was finally destroyed by Liu Bang.
In 202 BC, Xiang Yu was defeated (now south of Lingbi County, Anhui Province) and broke through to Wujiang River (now wujiang town County, Anhui Province) to commit suicide.
3. Liu Bang
Liu Bang (256 BC 1 1 24th of the month-25th of April 65438 BC+095 BC), namely Emperor Gaozu, was born in Peifengyi.
The founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, one of the great pioneers of the Han nationality and culture, was an outstanding politician, strategist and conductor in the history of China. He made outstanding contributions to the development of the Han nationality and the reunification of China.
Liu bang was born in a peasant family, and he was open-minded and did not care about production. ? Qin was then the curator of Surabaya Pavilion in Pei County, and died in Mangdang Mountain for releasing criminals. Shortly after the Chen Sheng Uprising, Liu Bang rallied 3,000 children to respond to the Uprising, captured Peixian and other places, called Pei Gong, and soon defected to Xiang Liang, where he served as the prefect of the Party and County, sealed the Hou of Wu 'an, and commanded the military forces of the Party and County.
In 206 BC 10, Liu Bangjun entered Pakistan, and Zi Ying, king of Qin, surrendered to Liu Bang. The Qin Dynasty perished. Liu bang abolished Qin's harsh laws and made three chapters with Guanzhong elders. After the Hongmen banquet, it was named Hanwang, ruling Bashu and Hanzhong areas.
In the early period of Chu-Han War, there were many defeats and wars. However, he knew people well, paid attention to training, gave full play to the talents of his subordinates, paid attention to uniting forces against Xiang Yu, and finally turned defeat into victory.
After defeating Xiang Yu, he unified the whole country. On February 28, 202 BC, Liu Bang ascended the throne in the flood sun, making Chang 'an his capital, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history.
After he acceded to the throne, he eliminated Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu, Zangcha and other governors with different surnames, and divided the land into nine governors with the same surnames. On the other hand, the establishment of rules and regulations, the adoption of a relaxed rest policy to govern the world, the demobilization of soldiers to return home, the exemption of corvee, the emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of business, the restoration of broken social economy, and the stability of feudal rule order.
It not only appeased the people, but also contributed to the rich cultural foundation of the Han Dynasty. Adopt the pro-Xiongnu policy, open the market with Xiongnu, and ease the relationship between the two sides.
In BC 195, Liu Bang was shot by a flowing arrow because of his crusade against Ying Bu rebellion. Then he became seriously ill and collapsed in the same year. His temple name is Mao, Emperor Gao of posthumous title.
4. Lv Zhi
(2465438 BC-65438 BC+August 080 BC 65438 BC+08 BC), the word E Cong, commonly known as, or after the Han Dynasty, Lv Hou, etc. A native of Danfu County (now Shanxian County, Heze City, Shandong Province), she and Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty were later called "Lv Wu".
Lv Zhi was the empress of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (reigned from 202 BC to 195 BC). After Gaozu's death, she was honored as the Empress Dowager (from 65438 BC to 65438 BC+080 BC), and was the first recorded empress and empress dowager in China history.
At the same time, Lv Zhi was the first woman to be called the imperial system after Qin Shihuang unified China. She was included in Sima Qian's Chronicle of the Emperor's Political Events, and later Ban Gu wrote Han Shu, which is still in use today. She initiated the exclusive rights of consorts in the Han Dynasty.
5. Liu Heng
Liu Heng (203 BC-BC 157), namely Emperor Wendi (reigned 180 BC 157), the fourth son of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, his mother Ji Bo, the younger brother of Emperor Wudi, and the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
/kloc-in 0/96, after Emperor Gaozu put down the rebellion in Chen Yi, he made Liu Heng the acting king. He is tolerant and peaceful and keeps a low profile politically. After the death of Emperor Gaozu, Lv Hou was in power, and Zhu Lu held the military and political power of the imperial court.
Before his death in A.D. 180, Qiu He, the prime minister, wiped out all Lu, and welcomed Dai Wang to Beijing as emperor and emperor of China. ?
After Emperor Wen ascended the throne, he vigorously built water conservancy, dressed simply and abolished corporal punishment, which made the Han Dynasty enter a prosperous and stable period. At that time, the people were rich and the world was well off.
When Liu Heng was the acting king, there was a queen with four sons. Shortly after Liu Heng proclaimed himself emperor, these four sons died one after another, and Liu Qi, the son of Dou, was the longest and the most popular among other sons.
Three months after Liu Heng ascended the throne (in the first month of the first year of Jingdi), Liu Qi was made the Crown Prince, and in March of the first year, Dou was made the queen. The rule of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty and his son Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty is collectively called the rule of Wenjing? .
When Emperor Wendi was in power, there were some problems, such as the excessive influence of vassal states and the Huns invading the Central Plains. Emperor Wen of Han adopted an attitude of serving people with virtue.
Morally, Emperor Wendi personally tasted medicine for his mother and was deeply filial. In June of the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty collapsed in Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an and was buried in Baling.
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