Fan Zhongyan's ancestor was Fan Lubing, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, who lived in Zhangzhou. Fan Sui, the great-grandfather of Fan Zhongyan, was appointed as Chengcheng of Lishui County when he crossed the river south in Tang Yizong. There was a mutiny in the Central Plains, and he settled in Wuxian (now Suzhou). In the Five Dynasties, my great-grandfather and grandfather were both officials in wuyue, and my father Fan Yong was also an official in wuyue in his early years. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in the Song Dynasty, Fan Yong followed King Qian Chu of wuyue to the Song Dynasty and became our envoy in Xuzhou. ?

Song Taizong Duangong two years (989), ugly autumn in August, Fan Zhongyan was born in Xuzhou Jiedu Zhang Guan House. In the first year of Chunhua (990), after she died in any office, her mother Xie was poor and helpless, so she had to adopt two-year-old Fan Zhongyan and remarry Zhu, the county magistrate. Fan Zhongyan also changed his surname and named Zhu Shuo (yuè).

2. Study hard

In the fourth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 1 1), when Fan Zhongyan learned of his family background, he was heartbroken and resolutely bid farewell to his mother and went to Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) to study and defected to Qi. After several years of cold window career, Fan Zhongyan absorbed the essence of Confucian classics and had the ambition to help the world generously. ?

In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan, in the name of "Zhu Shuo", was ranked in Cai Qibang, ranking 97th in two subjects, and became a scholar from "cold Confucianism". He was appointed as the general manager of the army of Guangdejun, in charge of litigation and case matters, and his official position was listed as nine grades. In view of the imperial salary, Fan Zhongyan took his mother to support him.

3. Taizhou weir

In the fifth year of Tianxi (102 1), Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Taizhou Xixi Salt Warehouse to supervise the storage, transportation and resale of Huai salt. Xixi is near the coast of the Yellow Sea. The old seawall built by Li Cheng in the Tang Dynasty was in disrepair and was damaged in many places. Therefore, Fan Zhongyan wrote a letter to transport Zhang Lun by water in Jianghuai, complaining about the interests of Chenhai dike, and suggesting to build a dike along the coast and rebuild the weir.

4. Teaching and learning

In the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027), Fan Zhongyan lost his mother and lived in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu) in Nanjing. At that time, Yan Shu stayed in Nanjing and knew Yingtianfu. He heard that Fan Zhongyan was very famous, so he invited him to work in Fu Xue to be in charge of Yingtian Academy. When Fan Zhongyan presided over the educational administration, he was diligent in supervising the school and set an example to create the theory of current affairs and politics.

5. Frankly speaking

In the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), Song Renzong was nineteen years old, and Zhang Xian (Queen Zhang Xian of Song Zhenzong) still presided over the state affairs. On the solstice of winter, Renzong will lead the officials to celebrate the birthday of the Queen Mother in Huiqing Hall. Fan Zhongyan thought that this practice confused family gifts with national gifts, so he said to Shu Renzong: "The emperor has something to do with his parents, but not for the sake of ministers.

When Yan Shu learned that Fan Zhongyan was a scholar, he was shocked and criticized him for being too rash, which not only hindered his career, but also brought trouble to those who recommended him. Fan Zhongyan argued, explained the reasons for his behavior, and stated his political position: "It is dangerous to serve the emperor, and you must never be rude and flattering. If it is beneficial to the court, even if it is fatal, you must honestly say it."

6. Brother Fu, please be right.

In the winter of the second year (1033), Queen Guo accidentally injured Renzong. Because of the estrangement from the Queen, the Prime Minister cooperated with Yan and others who were working, and advocated abolishing the Queen. As soon as the news came out, ministers talked about it one after another and thought it was not appropriate to abolish it. Fan Zhongyan also advised the emperor. Due to Lv Yijian's prior orders, the company may not accept Taiwan Province's protest and enter the palace, or it may not broadcast it.

Fan Zhongyan then led Zhong Cheng, Shi Jiangtang and Duan Shaolian to kneel outside the vertical arch hall and requested to be summoned. However, Injong disappeared and sent Lv Yijian to explain. Fan Zhongyan and others argued with him in court, but Lv Yijian's argument was exhausted and he thought it was wrong.

7. Beijing Right Party Struggle

In the first year of Jing You (1034), Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Suzhou, lived in Nanyuan and established a county school. ?

You Jing for three years (1036), Fan Zhongyan was dissatisfied with Prime Minister Lv Yijian's control of state affairs, cultivating cronies and appointing cronies, and presented the "Hundred Officials Map" to Emperor Renzong, sharply criticizing the Prime Minister's employment system, and persuading the emperor to formulate a system to personally grasp the promotion of officials. Not to be outdone, Lv Yijian retorted that Fan Zhongyan was pedantic and slandered Fan Zhongyan for "exceeding his authority, colluding with cronies and alienating the monarch and his subjects".

8. defend the northwest.

In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Li Yuanhao, a Tangut, proclaimed himself emperor, whose title was Daxia (known as Xixia in history) and whose capital was Xingqing (now Yinchuan, Ningxia), and diplomatic relations with the Song Dynasty officially broke down. The following year, in order to force the Song Dynasty to recognize the status of Xixia, Li Yuanhao invaded the border of the Northern Song Dynasty, defeated Song Bing in Sanchuankou (the Battle of Sanchuankou), and assembled troops at the gates of Yanzhou to prepare for the siege. The news reached the capital and shocked the ruling and opposition parties.

In the first month of the second year of Kangding (104 1), Renzong ordered all roads in Shaanxi to crusade against Xixia, and Fan Zhongyan went to the desert. He suggested strengthening border defense, sticking to Liyan, and recruiting Naxi Qiang soldiers to join the army with military power and kindness (when the Qiang people were guided by Yuan Hao, they were used by him), which was adopted by Xixia and Renzong in Xu Tu. Fan Zhongyan also called for the construction of castles such as Chengping and Yongping, and the transformation of twelve old castles into city castles to allow refugees and Qiang people to return.

9. Celebrate the New Deal

In the third year of Li Qing (1043), Yuan Hao made peace, and the situation in the west was slightly better. Renzong called Fan Zhongyan back to Beijing and conferred the title of deputy envoy. And Zhuo La Ouyang Xiu, Yu Jin, Wang Su and Cai Xiang as admonishers (commonly known as "four remonstrances"), forge ahead.

After adjusting the assistant minister structure, Injong summoned Fu Bi, Fan Zhongyan and others for many times to discuss world affairs. Although Fan Zhongyan thanked the emperor for his kindness, he thought that things had been done in order, and the shortcomings of the court were accumulated for a long time and could not be changed overnight. Injong wrote a letter in person, opened the Tianzhangge, set up a pen and inkstone, and asked them to wait.

10, passed away

You four years (1052), transferred to Zhiying County, Fan Zhongyan took office and went to Xuzhou, where he died at the age of 64. In December, he was buried under Wanan Mountain in Yinfan, Luoyang County, Henan Province? , Injong pro-book "Praise the Sage Monument", presented to the Ministry of War Shangshu, Zheng Wen, posthumous title, and posthumously named King Chu. ?

Baidu Encyclopedia-Fan Zhongyan-Character Life