1. principle of common interests: the exploration and use of outer space should benefit all countries, regardless of their economic or scientific development;
2. Principle of free exploration and use: All countries should freely explore and use outer space on the basis of equality and in accordance with international law, and freely enter all regions of celestial bodies;
3. The principle of non-appropriation: outer space shall not be used, occupied or appropriated in any other way by claiming sovereignty;
4. Principle of restricting militarization: No nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction will be placed or deployed in orbit around the earth or outside the celestial body;
5. The principle of rescuing astronauts: When astronauts have accidents, distress or crash landing, they should give all possible assistance and return to the launching country quickly and safely;
6. Principle of national responsibility: All countries should bear international responsibility for their space activities, regardless of whether such activities are carried out by government departments or non-government departments;
7. Principle of jurisdiction and control over space objects: The state of registration of space objects launched into outer space still maintains jurisdiction and control over its objects in outer space;
8. Principle of registering outer space objects: All countries conducting space activities agree to inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the status, location and results of the activities as far as possible and practicable;
9. The principle of protecting the space environment: space activities should avoid harmful pollution to outer space and prevent the introduction of extraterrestrial substances from causing adverse changes to the earth's environment;
10. principle of international cooperation: all countries should cooperate and help each other in outer space activities.
The Republic of Lithuania, located in the northeast of Europe, is one of the three Baltic countries, bordering Latvia in the north, Belarus in the southeast, Poland in the south, Kaliningrad in Russia in the southwest, the Baltic Sea in the west and Vilnius in the capital. It is a member of the European Union, NATO, Schengen Convention and many international organizations.
Lithuania is an ancient country with a long history and has been competing with Russia in Northern Europe and Eastern Europe. In the past, it formed an alliance with Poland as the Polish Lithuanian Federation, and later became a vassal state of Russia, which was eventually annexed. It was once independent after World War I, but it was annexed by the Soviet Union under Stalin in World War II and became one of the Soviet republics. 1990 fought for independence again and succeeded.
Lithuanian area: 65,000 square kilometers. Geographical location and characteristics: Located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, bordering the following countries: Latvia (6 10 km), Belarus (724 km), Poland (1 10 km) and Kaliningrad, Russia (303 km); The coastline is 99 kilometers long. In addition to plain terrain, there are hills in the west and highlands in the southeast. The forest coverage rate is 25%; About 3000 lakes; The longest river-Nieman River.
Relations with the United States1991Established diplomatic relations with the United States on September 6th. Since independence, it has maintained close relations with the United States, basically supported the American position on major international issues, and actively participated in military operations led by the United States. American politicians have repeatedly spoken highly of Li's role in international anti-terrorism operations, calling him a reliable partner. 20 10 us-China relations have developed smoothly. In February and April, Premier Kubilius visited the United States twice; In May and September, President De Guggenheim visited the United States twice; In June, Foreign Minister Arjubalis visited the United States. In February, 1965, President Grybauskaiger met with the delegation of the United States Congress. In February, the rotating chairman of OSCE and Lithuanian Foreign Minister Aljubalis visited the United States.
Relations with Russia1Established diplomatic relations with Russia on October 9 199 1. Li attaches great importance to developing relations with Russia, especially to developing mutually beneficial cooperation with Kaliningrad, Russia. At the same time, the cube actively promotes the EU to adopt a unified position on Russia's policies such as energy issues, so as to ensure the interests of all member States. After the conflict in South Ossetia broke out, Li accused Russia of unilaterally provoking the war against Georgia, stressed that Russia failed to fulfill its international obligations on the issue of South Ossetia, and pushed the EU and NATO to take a tougher stance toward Russia, which made the relationship between Li and Russia tend to be cold. The two countries also have differences in energy supply and evaluation of the historical problems of the former Soviet Union. Lithuania promulgated a new law on June 17, 2008: it is forbidden to display the national flag and national anthem of the former Soviet Union in public places, mass processions, assemblies and petitions, and the symbols of the former Soviet Union are treated equally with those of Nazi Germany. According to this law, it is illegal to publicly display images of former Soviet Union leaders and Nazi leaders anywhere. The proponent even stated: "The Soviet system and Hitler's fascist system are twin brothers."
Since its independence, Lithuania has maintained close relations with the United States, basically supported the position of the United States on major international issues, and actively participated in military operations led by the United States. The United States was once the only aviation power in history that did not join the Outer Space Treaty, and it still opposes the Outer Space Treaty. In addition, since the Outer Space Treaty does not prohibit the deployment of weapons other than weapons of mass destruction in outer space, nor does it prohibit the development, production and use of weapons in outer space, its role in preventing an arms race in outer space is limited, and the United States is taking advantage of this to vigorously promote the weaponization of outer space.
In 2007, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China indicated that China, the Russian Federation and many other countries are actively pushing the Conference on Disarmament to conclude a legal instrument to prevent the weaponization of space and an arms race in space through negotiations. In March, China president visited Russia, and the heads of state of China and Russia once again called for the early conclusion of an international treaty to prevent the weaponization of outer space through negotiations to prevent an arms race in outer space.
In 2008, Lithuanian President Adam Kush unexpectedly opposed the establishment of a missile base by the United States in his country. He believes that it is not good to link his country with the US missile defense system for psychological reasons. Adamkus said on July 1 1 that he would discourage the government from participating in the missile defense system out of consideration for Lithuanian and Russian history and "purely subtle psychological factors". Adam kus said that there is no need to build a missile defense system under the nose of Russia. European media commented that Lithuania was obviously prepared to make concessions in the face of Moscow's opposition.
2011165438+1On October 23rd, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev announced to the world in clear language that Russia is ready to deploy missiles between Poland and Lithuania, and it may be deployed in the south near Georgia and Turkey, a member of NATO. The purpose is to counter the advanced ballistic missile defense shield of the United States: "The Russian Federation will deploy modern weapon systems in the west and south of the country, which can be used to destroy the components of the US missile defense system in Europe," he declared on Russian television. "One of the steps will be to deploy the iskander missile system in Kaliningrad." 1 These will be theater ballistic missile systems. The technical details of the latest Iskandar missile Iskandar -K are top secret. It is reported that this missile has a maximum flight distance of 2,000 kilometers and carries multiple cruise missile warheads with a target accuracy of less than 7 meters.
According to the United Nations treaties and principles on outer space and the status quo of international agreements on outer space activities related to General Assembly resolutions (as of 20 1 010/01), Lithuania has (ratified, accepted, approved, acceded to or succeeded) the Convention on the Establishment of the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization and the Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union. Including the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty), Lithuania's name does not appear, which indicates that Lithuania has not signed the agreement mentioned at the top of the column, or is not a party to it, or has withdrawn from it.