At the beginning of the succession, Qu Yuan and others were appointed to carry out reforms, which defeated Wei, eliminated Yue and expanded the territory. Su Qin, a military strategist, once said, "The vertical union is the king of Chu, and the horizontal union is the emperor of Qin". In the later period of his administration, he made an alliance with Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, in Wuguan, and Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, detained him and threatened him to cede land. It is unrealistic for two countries to meet, let alone the monarch of a country that the alliance talks about. Prior to this, during the Spring and Autumn Period, King Chu Cheng detained Song Xianggong when he joined the EU, which set a precedent for destroying the etiquette of diplomatic relations. ?
Chu Huaiwang was detained for three years, but his son didn't want to save his father and became king by himself. The princes thought it was harmless to themselves and did not crusade. Chu Huaiwang refused to cede territory for the benefit of the country, so that Qin could not get the land, nor could it attack Chu under the pretext of signing a covenant. Chu was temporarily protected. Three years later, Chu Huaiwang died in Qin, and the catalpa coffin returned to Chu. "Chu people pity them, such as their relatives (Shi Ji Chu Shi Jia)."
Extended data:
The life of the character
In 328 BC, Xiong Huai, the son of Chu Weiwang, succeeded to the throne, and was called Chu Huaiwang in history. In the same year, Wei took advantage of Chu's funeral and cut Chu to take the trail mountain, but Chu did not strike back.
After nearly 60 years' rest and recuperation, the national strength reached its peak when he ascended the throne, and he was tied with the rising Chyi Chin as the three great powers. Chu became the largest country in the world at that time, and it was also the country with the richest products, the largest population and the strongest army.
In 323 BC, under the banner of sending Wei Gongzi back to Wei, Chu sent Sima Zhaoyang to lead the troops into Wei, defeated Wei Jun in Xiangling and won a decisive victory, which was a shame of blood mountain.
Chu Huaiwang ten years (3 19 BC), seeing that Qi had been overwhelmed, he and the King of the Han Dynasty quickly fell to Chu, saying that Wei had always followed Chu and that Qin's coercion could not make Wei break away from Chu, so he advised Qin to cut. Chu Huaiwang had intended to attack the increasingly powerful State of Qin after overwhelming the two great powers of Qi and Wei. Chu Huaiwang appointed Gongsun Yan as the general contact person to organize a joint attack on Qin.
Gongsun Yan is Ren Wei, who entered Wei from Chu, and discussed with Wei Huiwang the plan to attack Qin. Wei Huiwang ousted Yi, appointed Gongsun Yan as the new one, and expelled Yi Cheung back to Qin. Under the shuttle of Gongsun Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan and Yi Qu soon formed a situation in which the seven countries jointly attacked Qin.
In 3 18 BC, Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan and other countries were elected as vertical masters, attacking Qin from both sides. Chu Huaiwang became famous in one fell swoop, becoming another overlord after Wei Huiwang. However, due to the disloyalty of various countries, the alliance was broken by Qin. At this time, the three forces of Qi, Chu and Qin formed in the world, and Qi and Chu formed an alliance.
In 3 13 BC, the Qi-Chu allied forces captured Quwo of Qin State and cut off the tentacles of Qin Dong.
In 3 12 BC, Zhang Yi of Qin cheated Wang Huai and seized 600 Li of land ceded by Qin in exchange for cutting off Qi. I was cheated into breaking off diplomatic relations with Qi, leaving only six miles. King Huai was very angry and sent troops to attack the State of Qin. As a result, he was defeated by Andy in Danyang. Chu Huaiwang then called the national army to attack and was defeated by Lantian again. After that, the State of Qin captured Zhaoling in the first 3 1 1 year, and all three wars were defeated. Han and Wei took the opportunity to attack Chu's territory in the Central Plains, and Chu's great power status collapsed and declined.
In 306 BC, the State of Chu took advantage of the civil strife in the State of Yue, joined forces with the State of Qi to attack the State of Yue, occupied the capital of the State of Yue, killed the King of Yue, seized all the land from the former State of Wu to Zhejiang, and made Jiangdong the county. As a result, the state of Yue fell apart and the remnants fled to their hometowns. Children of all ethnic groups struggle for power and profit, some are kings, and some are kings, living in the coastal areas of the south of the Yangtze River.
In 30 1 year BC, Qi joined forces with Han and Wei, and defeated the Chu army in blowing sand. At the same time, Qin also sent troops to defeat Chu. Chu sank further.
In 299 BC, the State of Qin captured eight cities of Chu, and Zhao Haoqi, king of Qin, and Chu Huaiwang met at Wuguan. Chu Huaiwang didn't listen to the advice of Zhao Sui and Qu Yuan and decided to go to Wuguan. The result was detained by the state of Qin. The king of Qin forced him to cede territory to save his life, but Chu Huaiwang, who still shouldered a sense of national responsibility, flatly refused. The State of Qin failed to realize its long-cherished wish of seizing and easily obtaining the territory of Chu, so it had to be kept in prison. During Chu Huaiwang's detention, the Chu people made the prince king for the benefit of King Chu Qing.
In 297 BC, Chu Huaiwang fled, and the Qin people blocked the road to Chu. King Huai fled to Zhao, who dared not take him in. Chu Huaiwang tried to escape to Wei and was chased back by Qin.
In 296 BC, Chu Huaiwang died of depression. Qin returned the remains to Chu. "Chu people pity them, just like their relatives." .
Political measures
1, politics
In the early days, Chu Huaiwang appointed Zhao Yang, Shanxi Merchants, Shangguan Doctor, Zhao Sui, Zhuang Bian, Tang Mei, Qu Yuan, Zhao Hua, Su Dai, Tian Ji and Gongsun Yan. Chu was once full of talents and the country was prosperous. Chu Huaiwang and Tang Mei actively reformed, restored many decrees mourning the King of Chu and Wuqi period, adjusted the power contrast of various contradictory interest groups in Chu, suppressed the aristocratic groups in Chu, and the reform touched the interests of the elite, which met with their resistance and failed. It was once pushed to the left and right length by the six Shandong countries.
He also took advantage of the civil strife in Vietnam to attack and destroy the country and set up Jiangdong County. However, in the middle and late period, I mistakenly believed in Zhang Yi, the lobbyist of the King of Qin, which destroyed the Qi-Chu alliance and lost to Qin, Qi and Hanzhong. When he was in office, he misused the suburbia, Shanxi merchants, Shangguan doctors, loved his wife, and rejected his left disciple Qu Yuan, which led to the downfall of state affairs. He was detained after entering Qin and died in Qin.
2. Economy
At that time, Chu opened up the Maritime Silk Road and conducted economic exchanges with some countries in West Asia and South Asia, which can confirm the statement that "the world is the largest country". In order to facilitate trade, the king of Chu specially cast the Golden Festival for the caravan. As long as the Golden Festival is produced, it will be exempted from customs duties. The sacrificial vessel is made of copper with the inscription "If you get a gold sacrificial vessel, you will not apply" and "If you don't get a gold sacrificial vessel, you will apply". Judging from the preferential treatment of national tax exemption, Chu has firmly controlled commerce in the hands of the government. ?
3. Military
After becoming the supreme ruler of Chu in 329 BC, it was once prominent. He made a northern expedition to Wei, attacking the city and plundering the land; Defeat the eastern countries and expand the territory of Jiangdong; In 3 18 BC, a seven-nation coalition was even organized to attack Qiang Qin in the west. The territory of Chu was once the largest country in the world at that time. However, it was bullied by Qin several times later, which led to defeat. Chu was defeated in Danyang and Lantian, and the land was abandoned.
4. Diplomacy
During his reign, the hegemony of Wei declined, the unitary politics of Chu changed into pluralistic politics, and the international struggle was fierce. Chu Huaiwang fought against the famous Wei Huiwang, Qi Weiwang, King Hui of Qin, King Wuling of Zhao, Yan Zhaowang, Qin Wuwang, King Zhao Haoqi of Qin and King Qimin during the Warring States Period. Chu is a country with many neighboring countries, and it is often the object of United front movement, and its situation is extremely complicated and difficult in international struggle.
Chu Huaiwang used King Hui of Qin to deal a heavy blow to the State of Qi. When the State of Qin was in civil strife because of the sudden death of Qin Wuwang, he tried his best to destroy Yue, the second largest country at that time, making Chu suddenly become a formidable giant, which caused great pressure on the countries in the Central Plains and caused panic in Qin, Qi, Korea and Wei. During the Chu Huaiwang period, Chu's foreign relations were divided into two stages: before the defeat of Yue, it was mainly at war with Qin, and after the defeat of Yue, it was mainly at war with Qi.
After Chu's death and Zhuang's rebellion in the early Tang Dynasty, the country declined greatly and was forced to make peace with Chyi Chin. Emperor Xuan of Qin took advantage of the opportunity to enter Qin, ignored the basic norms of international exchanges, forcibly detained and extorted land from Chu, which was sternly rejected.
Personality assessment
Chu began to learn the etiquette and musical civilization of the Central Plains. In Chu Huaiwang's generation, aristocratic etiquette and musical civilization have been deeply rooted in the bone marrow. Chu became strong by trampling on the ritual and music civilization, and was finally abandoned by history because it deviated from the ritual and music civilization. He betrayed the ritual and music civilization at the expense of his life, and broke the Covenant with Qi in order to covet the interests of Qin, which in itself was a blasphemy and deviation from the ritual and music civilization.
Facts have proved that at the end of the cruel Warring States period, any innocence and simplicity is an unbearable luxury. Only the flower of pragmatism as cold and hard as iron can bloom in this cold season.
Chu Huaiwang's early death in Qin Dynasty was a tragicomedy. In the early period of Chu Huaiwang's rule (328 BC-365438 BC+03 BC), Chu was very rich and wanted to be strong, so this stage was comedy. However, since 3 12, Chu was defeated in Danyang and Lantian, and the comedy of Chu turned from prosperity to decline, which instantly turned into tragedy.
Chu Huaiwang's tragedy lasted until his guest died in the state of Qin. The emergence and continuation of the tragedy is related to Chu Huaiwang's unclear understanding of the general trend, improper employment and low personal emotional intelligence. At the same time, it is also related to the defects of Chu's own power and talent system and the corruption of Chu ministers. Win fame before and after death. After Chu Huaiwang's death, people's evaluation of him was contrary to his own life, and he experienced a process from sadness to joy. Before the 1980 s, historians and literary circles mostly held a negative attitude towards him.
Since the reform and opening up, academic circles have re-examined Chu Huaiwang on the basis of underground unearthed materials and affirmed his achievements. Chu Huaiwang's tragicomedy before and after his death reflects the complexity of Chu Huaiwang himself. At the beginning of Chu Huaiwang's administration, he had a strong desire and his original intention was worthy of recognition. However, the decline of Chu also has personal reasons. He was loyal to the country, showed a high degree of integrity and won the respect of future generations.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Xiong Huai