About the details of the article, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, the poem of the text
In the morning, I visited Shan, Luoyang, Lotus, Genglou, seeing people off to the east, crossing Jiangnan Lizhou, reminiscing about Jiangnan, crossing the river with songs of harmony and kung fu, complaining about Yao, passing by Chen Lin's tomb, drizzling, bodhisattva and autumn.
Second, unofficial history anecdotes
, text, word Fei Qing, old name Qi. At that time, it was as famous as the poet Li Shangyin and was called "Wen Li". He is good at small fu, quick thinking and beautiful writing. Every exam, according to the rules, he only needs to cross his hands eight times and write eight rhymes, which is very fast. He often writes articles for the candidates next door, and people nicknamed him "Save a few people". Because he doesn't strictly control his words and deeds, he is despised by some important people. Li Yishan said to him: "I recently made a couplet,' far better than Zhao Gong and the 36 th Army Zaifu', but I didn't get an even sentence." Wen said, "Why don't you get close to Guo Ling and get 24 Chinese books?" Tang Xuanzong once wrote a "golden step", but failed to write the next sentence. The scholars who were admitted were right, and Wen's "undressing with jade clothes" was right, which Xuanzong appreciated. There is also a medicine called "Pulsatilla", which uses "Xanthium sibiricum" as a pair, so there are many similar situations. Xuanzong loved to sing the words "Lord Bodhisattva", and the Prime Minister asked Wen to write for him and told Wen not to reveal the matter. Wen Tingyun told this story, so Hu Ling alienated him. Wen also said that "the general sits in the province", which is a mockery of the prime minister's ignorance. Xuanzong likes traveling incognito, and once met Wen Tingyun. Wen didn't know the emperor, so he asked him arrogantly, "Are you a big official like Sima?" The emperor said, "No."Wen asked again, "Are you a lieutenant or something?" The emperor said "no", so Wen Tingyun was demoted to equation dimension. The emperor said in the imperial edict: "Scholars should attach importance to morality, and the article should be at the end. People like you are morally unacceptable, and no matter how good the article is, it can't make up for it. " Wen Tingyun, who had always been unruly, didn't get the chance to take advantage of him and finally died in the street. Duke Du moved from Xichuan to Huaihai, and went to Lin Ting, where he wrote a poem: Golden thread and willow in front of Zhuo furnace are popular at home. Greed for the rain in both places, not for the lotus in the pool. When the prince saw it, he gave him a thousand pieces of silk. Xing Wu said, "Wen used to be a teacher in Jianghuai area, so he changed his name. Every year in the imperial examination, I often write articles for others. " In an exam hosted by assistant minister, Wen was assigned a seat that was not adjacent to other candidates. The next day, in front of the curtain, Wen Jean said, "In the past, those who applied for the exam asked you to write poems on your behalf. Nobody asked you in my examination room this time. I hope you encourage yourself. " Paiwen took it away. From then on, Wen was even more dissatisfied.
In feudal times, even if a scholar had the best literary talent, if he offended his superiors one after another, his hope of promotion and wealth would be silently cancelled. This is really a sad thing. Wen, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, is such a "representative". As a teenager, he was brilliant and sharp-tongued. He can write tens of thousands of words in a short time, but he doesn't feel any effort. He only needs to cross his hands eight times and a seven-rhyme poem comes out. But it's just a pity that his outstanding performance in the examination room can only be a "gunman", grabbing a knife for others-this is probably the "beginning" of body double in today's society, but he himself is always so unsatisfactory. It's just that his literary title is so great that even Tang Xuanzong, who loves to write poetry, wants to correct this scholar who failed to pass the examination, because he can't figure out what to take. Wen immediately got rid of jade correctly, and Xuanzong had to admire his agile talent. For "Pulsatilla", Wen came to a "Xanthium"; This kind of antithesis is also extremely stable, so it naturally attracts people's admiration. Wen, on the other hand, is a bohemian person, so he added a lot of trouble to his later life. One day in winter, it was very dark. Xuanzong and Wen, who like traveling incognito, happened to meet in a hotel, but they didn't know each other at that time. Ignorant, he jokingly asked Xuanzong, "Aren't you an official like Sima and Chang Shi?" After being denied, Wen continued to ask, "So, are you a county captain, a chief bookkeeper or something?" Xuanzong had to say to all the small officials involved in the article: "Nothing!" Xuanzong was really unhappy after he returned to the palace, so he ordered the prime minister to demote Wen to Fangcheng as a county magistrate. To this end, a group of poets who saw him off sighed deeply; Among the poems written by everyone for this farewell, the poet Ji's seven-rhythm poem is the best. In his poem, he said: Why do you cry in the morning, but you can't see the apricot garden in Chang 'an? Although the phoenix is doomed, the parrot is tall but tired. And do everything green _ pin hate, don't say that the yellow ribbon brushed the dust. Fangcheng is farther from Changsha Road than Qianshan and Wanjin. (3) In fact, before Wen offended the emperor and was demoted to a small official in a foreign land, he had to blame the then prime minister for alienating him, which made his career particularly difficult. At that time, Xuanzong loved to hear the beautiful maids sing the word "Bodhisattva Man", which was given to Wen by the son of a famous minister with limited literature and ink. Wen wrote these words, which were immediately praised after being presented to the emperor. Wen was told not to "poke" out the truth of this generation of lyrics, but Wen still poked it out. In this way, I feel that my face has nowhere to put aside and I am furious, thus alienating Wen; Scholars in the liberal arts examination suffered a lot. But Wen was very talented after all, and later asked him something. Who knows that Wen slowly teased and said that the problems that adults have to solve can be found in the southern classics; You know, it's not a rare book. Xianggong might as well read more books while running the country. This sentence annoyed _ and made him pay no attention to the text. Therefore, Wen wrote a sentence in the poem, "I hate many people because I know this, and I regret reading the second chapter of the South China", which was used to express his deep lament, but it didn't help. In the seventh year of Xian Tong (866), Wen, whose official career improved slightly, became the examiner for selecting Jinshi. Because I have been repeatedly hit by the Jinshi exam, I can take care of those poor scholars and highly recommend them. However, his official position was only Guo Zi's teaching assistant, and later he died unfortunately. (5) this really makes people shed a tear of sympathy for it! Press: ① This is based on Old Tang Shu and so on. , and "New Tang Book" is called Wen; As for North Dream, it is also called Wen Tingyun. (2) according to "North Dream Zoyan" (Volume 4), while "Talented Persons in the Tang Dynasty" and "China Literati Dictionary" and so on. I think what happened between Wen and Wen is probably not true. (3) _, "Chronicle of Tang Poetry" as "_", can be obtained from. Road, Jijiage is originally "far" and can be taken from. And "Zhan" and "Zhan" are the same. Once again, tired, it sounds. (4) Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin Returns Money" is regarded as a poem to mourn his dead friend. The original text "finally knows that entertainment is difficult, and I am disappointed with the second article of South China." As long as we check it carefully. ⑤ Compare with the book who pities first.
Iii. Introduction
Wen was a poet and poet in the Tang Dynasty. The real name is qi, and the words are clear. Taiyuan Qi (now southeast of Qixian County, Shanxi Province) was born. Descendants of Wen Yanbo, Prime Minister of the early Tang Dynasty. Born in a declining aristocratic family, he failed the exam many times, and his life was very frustrated and his behavior was dissolute. He used to be a commandant of Suixian County and Fangcheng County, and an official to assistant minister of imperial academy.
Both the New Tang Book and the Old Tang Book have been circulated. Like Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan and other famous poets, he spent most of his life in other places. According to the examination, Wen lived with his family in Jianghuai when he was young, and then settled in the rural area of _ county (now Huxian County, Shaanxi Province), so he tried to call himself a tourist. Ugly, known as "Wen Zhongkui". I studied hard in my early years, and when I was young, I worked as a part-time lyricist, which was famous for my agility. There were eight rhymes in the late Tang Dynasty. It is said that he crossed his hands and became a rhyme, and the eight-fork and eight-rhyme was the final manuscript. At that time, people also called it "eight forks in writing" and "eight tones in writing".
Sex likes to ridicule powerful people and touch taboos; And unrestrained, indulge in wine and release it. Therefore, offending powerful people, trying again and again, life is bumpy and life is down and out. Tang Xuanzong tried to publish a macro theory, and Wen wrote a poem for others. He was demoted to Sui County Commandant for disturbing the Imperial Examination. Later, the secretariat of Xiangyang was appointed as the governor, and he was awarded the position of Yuan Wailang. He soon left Xiangyang and stayed in Jiangling. When Tang Yizong was a city commander, he was the teaching assistant of Guan China Zi. Proficient in melody, poetry and part-time job. His poems focus on objects and have the beauty of tone and color. The rhetoric in the poem is gorgeous, and more personal experiences are written, which is also reflected in current politics. The works of "Hanging the Ancient" have deep feelings, fresh charm and strong character. Ci is one of the important writers of Huajian School, and is known as the originator of Huajian School. The number of existing words is the largest among the Tang people, and most of them are included in Huajian Collection. The original collection has been lost, and later generations compiled Wen Shi and Jin Quan Ci. There is also a collection of legendary novels, Gan Xunzi, which has never been circulated, and Taiping Guangji is quoted a lot.
Fourth, literary achievements.
Wen is a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, who is famous for his poems. Wen's poems are unique in art, and poetic theorists in all previous dynasties have high evaluation of Wen's poems, and are known as the originator of Huajian School. Wang Zheng's Preface to Longbishan Ancestral Temple was written by Li Bai, Wang Jian and Wen. "His prose is deep and secluded, and the sage can't express it. The commentator takes Ting Yun as the only one." Zhou Ji's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jiecunzhai" says: "There are differences in words, but there are differences. Fei Qing' s words are paperweights, and they have finally been revealed in the clouds, which can be described as the best of both worlds. " Zhang Hui also said: "Fei Qing's writing is beautiful and faithful. Fei Qing has the deepest brewing, so his words are not angry or arrogant, and he is prepared to combine rigidity with softness. " "Needle and thread, the Southern Song people began to show traces, and the flowers were very vigorous. If you fly to Qing, you are beyond the spirit, and you can stop asking for a visa. However, in detail, orthography has a context. " Liu Xizai's "Outline of Art" goes further: "Wen Feiqing's ci is exquisite." The position of prose in the history of ci is really very important.
There are as many as 66 warm-hearted words in Huajianji. It can be said that Wen is the first poet who specializes in "expressing emotion with sound". His poems mostly describe flowers and the moon, and his boudoir is full of resentment, forming the style of Huajianji, known as the originator of Huajianji, which has played a powerful role in promoting the great development of Ci after the Five Dynasties. Ci, a literary form, was really valued by people. Only when it reached Wen's hands, then the five pronouns competed with the poets in the Song Dynasty, which finally made Ci a wonderful work in China's ancient literary world, and it still has a very wide influence. Wen's contribution to Ci will always be admired by future generations.
Wen's poems were well written and highly praised by people at that time. The poem "The thatched cottage crows and the moon is full of frost" in A Journey to the Mountain is an immortal famous sentence. According to legend, Ouyang Xiu, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty, appreciated this couplet very much. He once wrote his own poem "Birds singing in the rain in Maodian, wild colorful spring in Banqiao", but it failed to exceed Shi Wen's original intention.
According to the book of New Tang Dynasty, there are three volumes of Penglan Collection, Jinquanji 10, Poetry Collection, five volumes, Han Nan Zhen Manuscript 10, Han Shang Ming Collection 10, Duan and Yu Zhi. Hua Jian Ji, Quan Tang Shi Hua and Quan Tang Literature have preserved the poems we saw today. There are more than 365,438+00 existing poems, including Notes on Wen Feiqing and Notes on Poems by Wen Fei Qingqing and Zeng Yi. There are 70 words written by Wang Guowei and 70 words written by Lin.
Wen's words are only narrow in subject matter and are ridiculed as "one person making a boudoir sound". His representative works include Two Poems Looking at the South of the Yangtze River, Fourteen Bodhisattvas, Six Poems of Genglouzi, Four Poems of Jiuquanzi, Yang Liuzhi, Nan Gezi, He despises God, Confessions and so on.
Besides poetry, Wen is also a novel writer and scholar. According to the New Tang Book, there are three volumes of novel Gan Xunzi, Record of Tea Picking 1 Volume, Xue Hai Compilation1Volume. It is a pity that almost all of them have been lost. Only some sentences in Gan Xunzi were quoted in Tai Ping Guang Ji, and now it is impossible to find out their details. Especially the loss of Xue Hai 10 is a great loss in the academic history of China. If Xue Hai can be preserved, it will certainly make a great contribution to academic research and compilation.
As a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty and an important figure in the history of China's Ci, the loss of his poetry anthology is regrettable and a great loss in the treasure house of classical literature. Not only the collection of poetry and prose is lost, but also the important historical materials about the text have been lost, so it is difficult to understand the details of the text now. The Biography of Talented Persons in Tang Dynasty is also reversed in time sequence and wrong. Although some experts have studied it, they can only know it roughly. Nevertheless, Wen still shines brilliantly in the history of literature, and his name is immortal.