Yuanmingyuan was built in 1709 (forty-eight years of Kangxi). It was originally a gift from Emperor Kangxi to Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi. After Yongzheng 1722 acceded to the throne, the original garden was expanded. In the south of the garden, Zheng Da Guangming Hall, Qin Zhengtang and many value rooms of the Cabinet, Sixth Department and Military Department were built, hoping to "avoid noise and listen to politics" here in summer.
During the Qianlong period, in addition to the local reconstruction of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden was built in the east and merged into Wanchun Garden in the southeast. The pattern of three gardens in Yuanming has basically taken shape. Jiaqing Dynasty mainly rebuilt and expanded Qichun Garden (Wanchun Garden), making it one of the main gardens.
During the reign of Daoguang, state affairs declined and financial resources were insufficient. However, the furnishings of Wanshou, Xiangshan and Yuquan "Three Mountains" were withdrawn, Jehol stopped summering and Mulan hunted, and the reconstruction and decoration of Yuanming Three Gardens have not been abandoned.
1860101On October 6th, the British and French allied forces looted Yuanmingyuan, looted cultural relics and burned it. When Emperor Tongzhi tried to repair them, he was forced to stop and rebuild other buildings because of financial difficulties. After Eight-Nation Alliance, it was attacked by bandits and eventually turned into ruins.
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"Qianlong stayed in Yuanmingyuan for one year 168 days." This result was calculated by Dr. Jia Jun of Tsinghua University according to 1756 (the twenty-first year of Qianlong), which also proved that Yuanmingyuan was the most important imperial palace in Qing Dynasty.
"At this time, we found the reason for the landscape setting of Yuanmingyuan." Guo Daiheng said that the royal nature of Yuanmingyuan determines that its content is much more complicated than ordinary royal gardens. In addition to rich garden buildings and landscape flowers and trees, it also undertakes the functions of holding ceremonies, managing affairs and daily life.
According to textual research, there are a number of agricultural buildings in Yuanmingyuan. The emperors lived in the garden not only for sightseeing, but also for observing the agricultural situation from time to time. In the Royal Garden, Gan Long wrote: "Keep your word when making weapons, and pay special attention to planting crops ... It is called the Royal Garden, and you will see them at dusk."
In Yuanmingyuan, there is also a special place for philosophers to study, "Dong Tian in other places", which warns philosophers to "be a gentleman and a Confucian, not to swim leisurely", and hopes that philosophers will strive to cultivate their morality and cultivate their nature and have the heart to help the world. There are many academies, bookstores and bookstores in Yuanmingyuan. The scenic spots directly called academies include Fang Hui Academy, Bitong Academy and Siyi Bookstore, and more than 20 scenic spots are named bookstores and bookstores.
"People are used to comparing the Yuanmingyuan with the Summer Palace, where the mountains and rivers are open, the heights are consistent, and the central axis runs through. They think Yuanmingyuan is too compact and messy.
However, from two-dimensional drawings to three-dimensional real scenes, we really walk in it from a human perspective, and find that the gardening art of Yuanmingyuan is not reflected in the plane order and logic, but more concerned with the changeable and ingenious spatial pattern and the friendly and pleasant courtyard scale. "
Dr. Guo Daihuan and Yan He, Dean of Beiqingcheng Ruixian Digital Technology Research Institute, said, "Yuanmingyuan is a real house, not a model room for decoration." Perhaps this is why the Five Dynasties emperors always regarded Yuanmingyuan as the second "home" outside the Forbidden City, and Qingyi Garden (the predecessor of the Summer Palace) was only a place that Yuanmingyuan visited occasionally before it was destroyed.
People's Network-Tell you a real Yuanmingyuan.