Celebrities of ancient culture advocated "reading thousands of books and traveling on Wan Li Road", and it was their wish to visit famous mountains and rivers and places of interest. The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, a wonderful landscape corridor on the earth, is like a huge magnetic field, attracting them from all over the world to see the magical style of the Three Gorges. Then, on this stormy beach, there was a magnificent song; The desolate ancient temple next to this canyon has meaningful inscriptions; In this sex, there are leisurely "Zhi Zhu words" stepping on the ground; In this deep cave, there are poems and songs written by writers of Tang and Song Dynasties ... The Three Gorges has nourished the literature and created passion for poets and poets of past dynasties, and they rewarded the Three Gorges with Wen Zhen, Mo Bao and celebrity effect.
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Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan's Ci and Fu hung in the sun and moon, and the romance of the Three Gorges spread from ancient times to modern times.
There is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down.
Speaking of this great patriotic poet, people all know that he is from Chu, but where is his hometown? It has been a mystery for thousands of years. Some people think that his hometown is in Zigui, western Hubei, but it is actually just attached according to folklore. In recent years, according to the self-report of Qu Yuan's works, the relationship between Qu Yuan's ancestors' fiefs and reproduction, and the changes of Chu's capital, relevant experts have concluded that Qu Yuan is a Chu native and his native place is Baisong Village, Jinan Township, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City. His Songs of the South represented the rise of southern culture and created the second peak of China's pre-Qin literature after The Book of Songs. The patriotism he advocated has become a precious ideological tradition of the Chinese nation. He spread all over the world with the honor and influence of "world cultural celebrity".
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC-278 BC), a world cultural celebrity, was the first patriotic poet in China. His name is Ping, the word Yuan, also known as Regular. Born on the seventh day of the first month of thirty years in Qu family (now south of Jiangling). His father, Qu Bo, was highly educated, so Qu Yuan received a good family education from an early age. "He is knowledgeable, strong-willed, knows how to control chaos and is good at rhetoric."/Kloc-was called into the palace by Chu Huaiwang at the age of 0/8, and spent his political and literary career mainly in Jiangling.
At the beginning, Qu Yuan was a civil servant of Chu Palace. He hunted with Wang Huai all day, or wrote poems and songs at court banquets. It was difficult to make a difference politically. He wrote the famous Ode to Oranges on the topic of citrus, which is ubiquitous in Jianghan area, praising its quality of "being ordered not to move" to express his patriotic ambition. At the age of 22, he was promoted to a left disciple and participated in the overall management of the state affairs of Chu. He believes that Chu has a vast territory, rich specialties and talented people, and is determined to help Chu and Huai realize the great cause of reunification. In diplomacy, he put forward the policy of uniting with Qi to reject Qin, and competed with another powerful country, Qin, and sent envoys to Qi to help the six countries meet in the capital of Chu and form a "vertical alliance", which was elected as "the length of vertical cooperation". This action curbed Qin's eastward offensive, so Qu Yuan gained new trust. Then, he carried out internal affairs reform and was ordered to make a "constitutional order" to amend the written law; It also puts forward the viewpoint of weakening aristocratic privilege and elite system. Qu Yuan's reform touched the interests of big noble and was slandered. In the 16th year of King Huai (3 13 BC), he was demoted as a doctor in San Lv. The "Zonghe" alliance disintegrated. Under the growing threat of Qin, in the eighteenth year (365,438+065,438+0 BC), Chu Huaiwang once again used Qu Yuan and sent him to Qi to repair the relations between the two countries. After Qin Zhaowang ascended the throne, he tried his best to win over Chu and concluded the so-called "Yellow Thorn Alliance" to paralyze the king of Chu. Qu Yuan, who was close to Qi and Qin, was rejected and hit. In the 25th year of King Huai (304 BC), he was driven out of Du Ying and exiled to the Northern Han Dynasty. At this time, he wrote a lyric poem Li Sao, which expressed his yearning for "American politics", his hatred of "evil" and his anxiety about the future of the motherland in a romantic way. This is China's first patriotic political lyric poem, which has set up a tall monument in the history of literature.
In the thirtieth year of Wang Huai (299 BC), Qu Yuan returned to Du Ying after his exile. After entering the city, it happened that Qin cheated to Xianyang for a meeting. Qu Yuan stopped their protest, but did not listen, and was finally imprisoned by Qin. In 296 BC, when King Xiang of Chu succeeded to the throne for three years, Chu Huaiwang died in the State of Qin, and his body was transported back to Chu. Qu Yuan was extremely sad. Wrote a soul-stirring "Evocation". In the same year, King Xiang of Qing Dynasty listened to the slanderers of Shanxi merchants and other nobles and exiled Qu Yuan again. Before leaving, Qu Yuan visited the ancestral temple of the former king and the ancestral temple of public officials in Jinan, reviewed the history and examined the reality. He was puzzled and wrote a long poem "Tian Wen" with great momentum and strange conception in one breath. When I set out, I stared at the East Gate of Du Ying for a long time and looked back step by step, deeply worried about the fate of the country. During my exile in the south of the Yangtze River, the State of Qin further attacked Chu. In the spring of the twenty-first year of King Xiang (278 BC), Qu Yuan returned to Jinan, hoping to help save Chu, but was rejected by King Xiang and had to go to the south of the Yangtze River again. Soon, when he heard the news of the fall of his hometown Ying capital, he was heartbroken and wrote a deep and sad "Mourning" with strong feelings. In April, down the Yuan River, into Dongting, ringing water. In early summer, this patriotic poet left the world his last work Huai Sha. Soon, he drowned in the Guluo River with the soil of the State of Chu in his arms. Legend has it that that day is the fifth day of May in the summer calendar.
On the basis of absorbing the nutrition of local folk literature and art, Qu Yuan created a new poetic style-Chu Ci. Its appearance is closely related to the regional culture of Jianghan Basin, and it has unique characteristics in philosophy, folk customs, literary forms and artistic styles. First of all, it is influenced by Chu wind and Chu sound, and its titles such as Shejiang and Cailing can be seen in Chu Ci, and its tone and sentence pattern have played an important role in inheriting the appearance of Chu Ci. Chuci has a complex structure, a large space, rich and varied uneven sentence patterns, rich and vivid feelings, gorgeous literary talent and fantastic imagination. According to the Records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi, there are 25 pieces of Qu, which have long been lost. There are Li Sao 1, Nine Songs 1 1, Nine Chapters, Evocation and Nine Questions. Qu Yuan's patriotism and artistic achievements had a great influence on China's ideological history, cultural history and national spirit. 1953, listed as a world cultural celebrity. In the past, Shatoujiang Palace in the county was said to be the former residence of Qu Yuan.
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Wang zhaojun
Wang Zhaojun is a native of Xiangxi Village in Zigui. During the Han and Yuan Dynasties, he was elected to the palace because of his beauty and outstanding talent. He was honest and didn't pay bribes to court painters, so Mao colluded with Huangmen to write a letter to Shixian, and changed the portrait of Zhaojun to ugliness. Zhaojun was banished to the cold palace for three years. On one occasion, Yuan Di met Zhao Jun and saw that he was brilliant and handsome, and his piano, chess, calligraphy and painting were outstanding. Therefore, Yuan Di loves him, pouring wine in the morning, playing chess at night, and being inseparable before the flowers bloom under the moon. At this time, the Huns Khan Hu offered to pay tribute to the monarch and kiss him, but refused. The Huns invaded the Central Plains, and smoke was everywhere. When Zhaojun learned of this, he urged Yuan Di to put his home country first and go out to kiss, so as to prevent the people from suffering from the war. She abandoned the luxurious court life and burst into tears with a pipa in her hand. Since then, I have been living in a foreign country, with yellow sand and desert, white clouds and snow, and the flute is sonorous, which is beyond my imagination. After Yu Yu died in another country.
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Su Shi
Su Shi (1037-11year), a native of Meishan, Sichuan, was born in Zizhan. Su Shi was one of the eight great poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and his literary achievements are even higher. A "river of no return" is known throughout the ages. The fate of Su Dongpo and the Three Gorges is only a slow voyage, but everywhere he goes, there are poems, and the waves of Xiajiang recite his songs. In the winter of 1059, Su Shi and his younger brother Su Zhe left their hometown of Meishan, Sichuan with their father Su Xun, and went downstream to enjoy the magnificent scenery of the Three Gorges along the way. The Three Gorges inspired his imaginative poetry and wrote a number of excellent poems praising the Three Gorges, such as Entering the Gorge and Leaving the Gorge. Especially when visiting Sanyou Cave, my father and brother wrote quatrains on the stone wall, which became the eternal story of "the last three tours" after Bai Juyi and others. Su Shi's trip to the Three Gorges has improved the popularity of the Three Gorges scenery and enriched the cultural connotation of the Three Gorges, which is a page worthy of a special book in the cultural history of the Three Gorges.
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Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072) was born in Luling, Jizhou, Jiangxi. He was an essayist, poet and even an official involved in politics (deputy prime minister) in the Northern Song Dynasty. His prose is listed as one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Ouyang Xiu was an official in Yiling for one and a half years. During his stay in the Three Gorges, he wrote more than 40 poems, accounting for one-fifth of the works included in The Complete Works of Ouyang Xiu. Therefore, A Qing Dynasty Yuan Mei said that "the industry of Luling started from Yiling", or that Owen was like a billow, and Ouyang Xiu benefited from the waves of the Three Gorges, and the landscape of the Three Gorges was also enhanced by Ouyang Xiu's hymn "Xiling Mountain is the best in the world". Ouyang Xiu's remains in Yiling include Liu Yi Academy and Xizhi Pavilion.
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Lu you
Lu You (1125-1210) was born in . Jinshi origin, successive Xinglong, Kuizhou pass sentence. Lu You was an outstanding patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He wrote nearly ten thousand poems in his life and was also a prolific poet in history. Lu You arrived in Zhou Xia (Yichang) on June 6th 1 170, and then continued to sail into the gorge. He wrote what he saw and heard on the way into the gorge into the first travel notes of the Three Gorges in the history of tourism-Entering Shu. During his more than one year as an official in Kuizhou and his two trips to the Three Gorges, Lu You also wrote many well-known poems. His books and poems in Sichuan are the most precious spiritual wealth he left to the Three Gorges.
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Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a native of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan), claimed to be a descendant of Liu Sheng, the king of Hanzhong. Zhenyuan nine years Jinshi, official to the suggestion. Wang failed and was demoted to Sima Langya. Later, he served as the secretariat of Lianzhou, Kuizhou and Hezhou, the official to the minister of inspection department, and also the guest of the prince. There are also Liu Binke collections, also known as Liu Zhongshan collections and Liu Mengde collections.
Liu Yuxi pays attention to the ancient classics in books, and at the same time, he is fresh to the folk songs of oral literature. He not only learned to sing folk songs, but also was inspired by folk songs and wrote such good poems as Zhuzhi Ci and Yang Liuzhi Ci, which created a new style. Eventually become a generation of masters.
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Lipper
Li Bai (70 1-762) is too white, and he is called a purple layman. People call him Chen Xian, Shi Xian and Brewmaster. Li Bai's bold and unconstrained poetic style is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan, and it is also a bright superstar in the history of China's poetry. Although there are not many poems written by Li Bai in the Three Gorges, the first one is all excellent, and every sentence is well known, and some of them have even become the eternal swan song that has been passed down to this day. "Farewell to Baidi, thousands of miles away in Jiangling, the apes on both sides of the strait are crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man." The poem "Early Delivery from Baidicheng" has reached a high level in scenery writing, emotional melting, romantic exaggeration, elegance and boldness, and no one has surpassed it so far. This is a poem monument erected by Li Bai for the Three Gorges, and it is also the most precious legacy left by Li Bai to the Three Gorges.
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Kou Zhun
Kou Zhun (961-1023) was born in Xiazhai, Huazhou (now the northeast of Weinan County, Shaanxi Province), and his ancestral home was in Zhong Ping. Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty was admitted to Jinshi Jiake in the year of Taiping Xingguo (AD 980) at the age of 19. In the autumn of that year, he was appointed as Badong county magistrate.
Kou Zhun, a young official, is frugal and diligent in politics. I came to Badong, a remote and sparsely populated place, to share joys and sorrows with the people and try my best to share their worries. He climbed mountains and waded, observing people's feelings. When he saw that the people had no clothes to cover their bodies and not enough food to eat, and their lives were so difficult, he appealed to the court to ask for tax relief for farmers. On the one hand, we advise farmers to grow crops and cultivate the land. Carefully teach the advanced agricultural farming techniques of the Central Plains to the people of Badong, so that the people of Badong have changed their backward living conditions and lived a comfortable life without worrying about food and clothing. People are so grateful that they call Kou Zhun "Kobadong". In Kou Zhun's place, Yesanguan built a pavilion for him, and named it "Agriculture-Encouraging Pavilion" to commemorate Kou Zhun.
Kou Zhun is well-read and proficient in pen and ink. I like to make friends with scholars and poets and sing together at parties. He built two pavilions, Autumn Wind and White Cloud, on the hill behind Pingping, an old county in the north of Zaojiang River at that time, and often went to the pavilion with some literati and poets to compose poems and express their lofty sentiments. He wrote many poems to express his feelings for the people and scenery of the Three Gorges. These poems were later compiled into Badong Collection and circulated among the people. Many people have read it, but now I don't know who this book is for.
Kou Zhun was appointed as Badong county magistrate. He is diligent and loves the people, honest and upright, and has made outstanding achievements. Later, he joined the imperial court and served as the chief of the central finance and military affairs. At the age of 365,438+0, he was appointed as deputy prime minister, and at the age of 36, he was demoted to Dengzhou (now Dengxian East, Henan Province). When Song Zhenzong ascended the throne (1004), the Northern Song Dynasty was invaded by several ethnic minorities such as Liao and Xixia, and was sponsored by Minister Bi, and Kou Zhun was re-elected as prime minister. After Kou Zhun came to power, he forced the fleeing forces headed by Wang Qinruo to state the severity of his move to the capital, which eventually led to the expedition of Emperor Zhenzong. As soon as Zhenzong crossed the Yellow River, he appeared on the rostrum of the naming country. Song Jun's morale suddenly increased, and he roared at the tsunami, killing the Liao army in flight. Rivers of blood. Forcing the Liao army to turn from attack to defense and sign an armistice agreement. History is called "Yuan Dynasty Alliance". Since then, treacherous court officials and traitors in the DPRK have been in power, and Kou Zhun, who is straightforward, has been excluded. Kou Zhun, who made great contributions in Chenzhou World War I, was framed by Wang Qinruo's slanderers and became a sinner overnight. In February of the third year of Jingdezhen (A.D. 1006), Kou Zhun was exiled to Shaanxi Province (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province) as a magistrate. In June of the second year of Tianxi (A.D. 10 18), Kou Zhun became prime minister again. In the sixth year of Ganxing (A.D. 1022), she was framed by the adulteress Ding Wei in the Song Dynasty and relegated to Leizhou (now Haikang County, Hainan Province), which was then known as a wilderness, and joined the army as a steward, with a position equivalent to that of a local household registration officer. At this time, Kou Zhun was sixty-two years old and broke down from overwork. In the second year (A.D. 1023), Kou Zhun died in Leizhou. Later, Song Renzong agreed to his wife's request and allowed Kou Zhun's coffin to be transported to Luoyang for burial. Immediately, Song Renzong rehabilitated Kou Zhun and restored his official titles, such as "Kaifengfu, Yitong No.3 Division", "Taizi Taifu", "Shang Zhu Guo" and "Lai Guogong", and gave him official position and secretariat, and posthumous title was "loyal".
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Du Fu
Du Fu, with beautiful words, was born in Gongxian County (now gongyi city) in July12. At the age of twenty, I roamed wuyue and Zhao Qi. In 746, he went to Beijing to take an exam, and then lived in Chang 'an for ten years. After the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out in 755, he fled to Fengxiang and went to Su Zongbai to meet the left. The deceased was called Du. Later, because he offended Su Zong, he was exiled to Huazhou. In 759, he abandoned his official position and made a Western Expedition. He entered Shu by way of Tianshui, and built a small house beside Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu. He lived for four years before and after, and wrote more than 240 poems, including the book of fragrance and the autumn wind breaking the thatched cottage. For a time, he was the foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry, so he was called Du Gongbu. In 765, he took his family out of Shu by water and lived in Kuizhou for another two years. After leaving the Three Gorges, I drifted to Jing and Xiang, taking the boat as my home. He died on a boat in Xiangjiang River in 770 at the age of 59.
Du Fu lived in the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and the situation of war involved him in refugees, which made him truly and profoundly contact and understand various social scenes at that time. When he is concerned about the country and the people, he writes poems and expresses his feelings directly. More than 1450 poems, which have been handed down to this day, are highly accomplished in ideology and art, and have had a far-reaching impact on the development of China literature, and have been praised as "the history of poetry" by later generations. He is the greatest realistic poet in China, and is known as "poet saint".
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Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name was Lotte, was a Buddhist in Xiangshan. His famous long poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Sapa Star" have become masterpieces throughout the ages. Bai Juyi formed an indissoluble bond with the Three Gorges, leaving a lasting farewell in the cave at the mouth of Xiling Gorge. For ancient and modern times, in the spring of 8 19, Bai Juyi met Yuan Zhen who left Tongzhou for the gorge in Yiling. Bai Juyi, his younger brothers Bai Xingjian and Yuan Zhen visited a cave in the semi-rock of Nanjinguan in Xiakou, and each of them wrote a poem in the cave, which was inscribed on the stone wall by Bai Juyi as a preface, hence the name "Sanyou Cave". Due to the existence of Bai Juyi and other three people and the influence of poetry, an unknown cave has a long reputation and has been visited by cultural celebrities. In Song Dynasty, Su Xun led Su Shi and Su Zhe to visit this cave.
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