Introduction to the Mediterranean:
Mediterranean [Dzhng H I] (French: Méditerranéen, Spanish: Mediterráneo, Italian: Mediterraneo, Greek: μ ε σ ο γ ε? οοο) South is the European continent, North is the African continent, and West is the Asian continent. It is about 4,000 kilometers long from east to west, about 1.800 kilometers wide from north to south, and covers an area of about 251.2000 square kilometers (including Malahi, but excluding the Black Sea). It is the largest land ocean in the world.
The Mediterranean Sea is bounded by the Tunis Strait between the Apennine Peninsula, Sicily and Tunisia, and is divided into two parts, the east and the west, with an average depth of 1450m and the deepest point of 5121m. High salinity, up to 39.5‰. The deepest recorded point in the Mediterranean Sea is the Ionian Basin in southern Greece, which is 5 1 and 2 1 m below sea level. The Mediterranean Sea is the oldest ocean in the world, and its history is even older than the Atlantic Ocean.
The Mediterranean coast is also one of the cradles of ancient civilization. There is the splendid culture of ancient Egypt, the prosperity of the Babylonian kingdom and the Persian empire, and the birthplace of European civilization (Aegean civilization, ancient Greek civilization and the ancient Roman empire spanning Asia, Europe and Africa in the first century).
Geographical location of the Mediterranean:
The western Mediterranean is connected with the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar, and the eastern Mediterranean is connected with the Black Sea through the Turkish Strait (Da Daniil Strait and Bosporus Strait, Marmarahi). The western end is connected with the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar, and the narrowest point is only 13km, so the waterway is relatively shallow. The northeast is connected with the Black Sea through the Da Daniil Strait-Marmarahy-Bosporus Strait. The southeast is connected with the Red Sea through the Suez Canal, which was opened in19th century. The Mediterranean Sea is one of the oldest oceans in the world, while the Atlantic Ocean connected with it is a young ocean.
The Mediterranean Sea is located at the junction of the Eurasian plate and the African plate, and it is one of the strong earthquake regions in the world. There are Mount Vesuvius and Mount Etna in the Mediterranean region.
Mediterranean climate characteristics:
The Mediterranean coast is hot and dry in summer and warm and humid in winter, which is called the Mediterranean climate.
The Mediterranean is a typical Mediterranean climate zone, with dry heat and little rain in summer and warm and humid in winter. This climate makes the surrounding rivers rainy in winter and dry up in summer. Winter is controlled by westerlies, with frequent frontal cyclones and mild climate, with the lowest monthly average temperature of 4- 10℃ and abundant precipitation. Summer is controlled by subtropical high, the airflow sinks, the climate is hot and dry, the clouds are sparse, and the sunshine is sufficient. The annual precipitation is 300- 1000mm, accounting for 60%-70% in winter and only 30%-40% in summer. The climate characteristics of rainy winter and dry summer are unique among various climate types in the world.
Vegetation has hard leaves, waxy leaves and deep roots, and it has the characteristics of drought tolerance and adaptation to hot and dry summer climate, and belongs to subtropical evergreen hardwood forest. It is the main subtropical fruit producing area in Europe, rich in citrus, figs and grapes, as well as woody oil crops olive.