I. Origin of surname:
The first origin: Sun Xuhui, a descendant of Boyi after the leader of Dongyi nationality in ancient times, comes from Jiang's family and belongs to the name of the ancestor.
Yan Emperor Boyi is a descendant of Sun Xuhui, and his lineage is Boyi → Bochang → Zhong You → Shu Zhen → Xu You → Xu Xun → Xuhui → Boyi.
Xu Hui himself is not well-known, but his son Boyi is a figure recorded in history books.
Boyi, also known as "Bo", "Bai", "Bai Yi" and "Bo", also known as the ancestor of the country that won the surname, was an important historical figure at that time.
During the Shun Dynasty, Boyi and Dayu were officials at the same time. Because he is good at hunting and animal husbandry, he was promoted to one of the nine product officials. He is responsible for managing mountains, plants, birds and animals, and helping Shun tame birds and animals. Because he has accumulated rich experience in long-term hunting practice and is familiar with the language and habits of birds and animals, they have all been tamed by him, so he has made outstanding achievements in animal husbandry and started to eat in Yuan Dynasty. He was given the surname of Yuan by Shun as the heir of Dongyi tribe and got the land. After Dayu succeeded to the throne, Boyi assisted Dayu in controlling water and soil, reclaiming wasteland, planting rice and drilling wells. Boyi also made great achievements in politics. He once warned Dayu that everything should be forward-looking and comprehensive. Don't violate laws and regulations, don't indulge in amusement excessively, don't pursue people's praise illegally, and don't satisfy your desires against public opinion. Governing the country should not be slack, political affairs should not be neglected, modesty will benefit, complacency will decline, and we must choose the best and appoint the best, and eliminate the evil. Boyi also showed great foresight in dealing with ethnic contradictions.
At that time, Sanmiao people left Germany, and Shun sent Dayu to conquer by force, but Sanmiao people refused. Boyi put forward that both kindness and prestige should be paid equal attention to, and both morality and martial arts should be developed. Dayu accepted Boyi's suggestion, withdrew his troops and ruled by virtue of culture and education. The Sanmiao people were affected and finally surrendered. Boyi also recorded the geographical mountains, rivers, plants, birds and animals, strange customs and anecdotes he experienced when he followed Dayu in water control, and became the material of Shan Hai Jing.
According to historical records, Dayu intended to locate meditation in Boyi, but the social background of abdication system changed and failed to realize it. His son Qi seized the right of inheritance. From then on, primitive society entered slave society, and abdication system was replaced by hereditary system.
Among Xu Hui's descendants, there are those who take their ancestral surnames as surnames, called Xu and Wyeth.
The second origin: from the Jiang family, from the Xirong nationality, belonging to the sinicized tribal name.
Xirong in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty was said to be a descendant of Emperor Yan, surnamed Jiang. They lived in the western part of China in the pre-Qin period and had different names in different periods. The Xia Dynasty called Kunlun, Yan Zhi and Qu Zuo; In Shang dynasty, it was called Kun Yi and Qiang Bian. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was called Zhongrong and Bianqiang, mainly distributed in today's Gansu, Qinghai and nearby southwest areas.
After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Xirong people migrated to the west and south respectively, entered the present Xinjiang, Tibet and Southwest regions, and evolved into the ethnic minorities in the northwest and southwest regions of China today. Among them, Yan Hui tribe moved to Baoshan, Yunnan, and became one of the ancestors of Yi people. Some people took Yan Hui as their surname, which was simplified to Yanshi and Huishi in later provincial languages.
The third origin: from the Hui nationality, from the ancient western regions, belonging to the ancestral name.
According to Zhu Youtang Hongzhi's sixth year (A.D. 1493) of Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty, it was recorded in "The Memorial Hall of Hangjun Rebuilding": "Hui Hui's family came from the Western Regions and built temples in midsummer. There will be a party every seven days. Zhai Jie's body and mind. From his teacher's burning face full of spine, he worships the west, tells the heaven about his sacred wishes, and pays tribute to the courtiers ... "
Big food was originally called Iranian tribe. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China was the proper name for Arabs and the Arab Empire, and the general name for Muslims in Iranian-speaking areas. As early as the middle of the 7th century, the literature of the Tang Dynasty called Arabs "gluttony, excess and huge". After the middle of the tenth century, most of the documents in the Song Dynasty were "big meals".
The eastward expansion of the Arab caliph has gradually converted Iranian speakers in Iran and Central Asia to Islam. Muslims who speak Iranian are also regarded as Arabs, and they are called big eaters by some neighboring ethnic groups, so the meaning of big eaters has expanded accordingly.
The Arab gourmet empire and China Tang Dynasty were established at the same time, and both peoples created splendid civilizations. Since the second half of the seventh century, contacts have become increasingly frequent. In the western regions of the Tang Dynasty, there were many complicated conflicts between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo, Tubo and Dashi. In the tenth year of Tianbao in Li Longji (AD 75 1 year), Gao Xianzhi, a general of the Tang Dynasty, fought against the stone country in Central Asia (now Tashkent, Uzbekistan). Shiguo asked Dashi for help, Dashi sent Guiard bin Saleh to crusade, and Gao Xianzhi was defeated by Saleh. In this battle, the big food soldiers captured a large number of China prisoners, including weavers, goldsmiths and painters. China's various technologies were spread to the west. Among them, China papermaking, which had a far-reaching impact on cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, was widely spread to the West through these captured craftsmen. One of the prisoners, Du Huan, lived in the Western Regions for twelve years, and after returning to China, he wrote a book called Collection of Beijing and Hangzhou.
From the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, a large number of diners lived in Guangzhou (now Guangzhou, Guangdong Province), Quanzhou (now Quanzhou, Fujian Province), Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi Province), Yangzhou and other places, with tens of thousands of people, all of whom were called China people in the name of diners. The big grocers are Muslims. With their commercial activities, Islam also spread from the big food to the Tang Dynasty. Quanzhou has the earliest Islamic Isuhab Mosque in China, which was built in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is also called Jing Qing Temple for short. Outside the city, there are graves of people who have eaten food since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which are called holy lakes. Zhou Qufei, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote A Generation Beyond the Ridge, in which there are many records about Persia and Arabia, which further enhanced China's understanding of big food. Zhu Fan Zhi, written by Zhao Zaishi, made up the deficiency of Zhou Qu Fei.
Just like China's constant understanding of the situation of big food, big food also has a more and more specific understanding of the situation in China. In the fifth year of Li Chen's reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (85 1 year), the Arab businessman Suleiman wrote a book "A Journey from the East to China", which was included in China's Journey to India written by Abu Zaid. Suleiman and Zaid gave a vivid description of China's legal system and technological products. In addition, many Arab geographers have left precious records about China in the aspect of big food.
Zhao Yun, a native of Song Lizong, was born in the Qingyuan period (nine years of Mongolia-Mongolia Khan, AD 1259). The diary of Mongolia-Mongolia's mission to Changde, that is, the "Tian Fang" mentioned in the Diary of the Western Envoy recorded in the four years of Kublai Khan's reunification (AD 1263), was directly recorded by Mai in Chinese. Since then, China people have used the word "Arabia" more to refer to the Arab headquarters. As people realized the difference between Arabs, Persians and Muslims, the meaning of "big food" began to be restricted, and gradually it specifically referred to the Muslim residents in northeastern Iran, that is, the origin of Tajik people in Pamirs.
Hui Hui people originated from the ancient grain-producing areas in the western regions (now Iran), entered the Central Plains to promote Islam in the Ming Dynasty, and established a mosque (worship temple) in Hangjun (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).
The fourth origin: from Manchu, from the Huifa Department of the ancient Jurchen nationality, belonging to the sinicization of tribal appellation.
According to "Historical Records, Aristocratic Family Policy, Manchu Eight Banners Surname":
(1) Manchu Uighur surname, also known as Uighur surname, is one of the oldest surnames in Manchu. It originated from the Jurchen nationality in the Jin Dynasty, took Bu as the surname, and lived in Wula, Nimacha, Huifa, Changbai Mountain and Fuerjianhada, and later changed the Han surname to He and Hui.
(2) Hui Luo Shi, one of the oldest surnames of Manchu, originated from the Jurchen cloister in the Jin Dynasty and took Shi as the surname. The history book "Manchu genealogy of the Eight Banners" records the origin of the surname of the Eight Banners, the rank merits of the people and the time of submission, among which it is recorded that "Hui Luo originated from the jurchen returning to Lang in the Jin Dynasty". Shi's Manchu language is Huiluohala, living in the Urals and Songhua River basins, and was given the surname Huihe.
(3) Manchu Hui Fa Na Lashi, according to Rong Ling, a former female official of Empress Dowager Cixi, recorded in Notes on the Qing Palace: "The ancestral name of Cixi was Hui Fa Na Lashi, and Huifa died in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. When Hu Ba, the ancestor of Cixi, fled to Yeheguo, he changed his surname to Yehenala. " Huifa Nala, one of the ancient Manchu surnames, belongs to one of the eight Manchu clansmen. Its original surname is Huifonara Hala in Manchu, and it originally lived in Huifa (now Huinan, Jilin Province) and Yitong River Basin in Jilin Province. After Huifa's death, someone moved to Yehe area (now Lishu, Jilin) and changed it to Yehe Department, called Yehe Nala. There are also some people who belong to the Huifanala family and entered the Fengqing area of Yunnan in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. After that, their Chinese surnames were Hui, He and Fan.
Now most Hui people in Northeast China, Hebei, Beijing, Shandong and other places are Manchu. Although some Hui people changed their ethnic groups to Han or other ethnic groups, each family said that they were descendants of Manchu.
2. County Outlook:
Jing Zhao: The original name is Jing, and the word "Yin" is Taishou. Ding Chou (BC 104) changed to Jing in the first year of the Western Han Dynasty, and became one of the three assistants, ruling Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An). During the Three Kingdoms period, in the first year of Cao (AD 220), Gengzi changed Jingzhaoyin to Jingzhao County and set Chang 'an (now Xi, Shaanxi Province). At that time, it was located in the area north of Qinling Mountain, east of xi City and south of Weihe River to hua county. Xin Chou (AD 22 1 year), in the second year of Cao Weihe, named Prince Qin Gong and Jingzhao County as Qin State. In the third year of Cao Wei and Huang San, Renyin (AD 222) was renamed Jingzhao State. In the third year of Qinglong, Cao named Xun the king of Qin and changed Jingzhao to Qin. The King of Qi (ICY) of Cao Wei was changed to Jingzhao County (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) in the fifth year (AD 244), which governed five counties except Zhouzhi and Huxian. During the Western Jin Dynasty, Jingzhao County was still in Chang 'an, and its jurisdiction was smaller than that during the Cao and Wei Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Chang 'an (called Chang 'an in the later Qin Dynasty) was successively established in the former Zhao Dynasty, the former Qin Dynasty, the later Qin Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, where Jingzhao County (or Jingzhaoyin) was set up. Sui and Tang Dynasties all built their capital in Chang 'an, and a new city was built in Jingzhao County. During the Sui Dynasty, it was called Daxing City. Tang Gaozong Yonghui was renamed Chang 'an City in the fourth year (AD 653). In the capital area around Chang 'an, Yongzhou is Jingzhao House, and Jingzhaoyin is there. The above-mentioned Jing Zhao refers to the capital and its vicinity. Jing (county, prefecture) or Yongzhou was set up in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and more than 20 counties such as Chang 'an and Daxing (changed from Tang Dynasty to Wannian) were unified as county-level organizational systems. After the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an was no longer the capital, and its development was affected to some extent, but it was still an important local metropolis. Jin and Yuan Dynasties set up Jingzhao Mansion (Road) in Shaanxi, which had nothing to do with the place where the capital was built. At that time, it was located in the area north of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, east of xi, south of Weihe River and west of Huayin. After the Revolution of 1911, the Beiyang government changed Shuntianfu to Jingzhao and the magistrate to Jingzhaoyin, which was in line with the meaning of "Jingzhao" before the Jin Dynasty. When the government of the Republic of China was founded, the name of Jingzhao was abolished and the original site was collectively called Xi 'an.
Jiankang County: During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period, the former Guo Liang County was located in the southwest of Gao Tai, Gansu Province. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Northern Wei Dynasty was deposed. During the reign of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Xiaojie built the Kang Army in the southeast today, and later his land was assigned to Tubo (now Xinjiang).
Liaoxi County: During the Warring States Period, Liaoxi County was established in the early days of Yan State, followed by Qin and Han Dynasties. At that time, the jurisdiction was in the east of Laoting, Hebei Province and the west of Daling River, Liaoning Province.
Le Lang County: In the third year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 108), Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, ordered the army of the Han Dynasty to destroy Wei's Korea, which was entrenched in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. After the reunification of the old territory, local administrative regions were divided there, and Le Lang (now South Pyongan Province), Xuantu (now Hamgyong Province) and Fan Zhen (now Huanghai Province and Gyeonggi Province) were established. However, the real "Han four counties" did not exist for a long time. By the fifth year of the Western Han Dynasty (82 BC), the central government of the Western Han Dynasty had abolished Fan Zhen and Lintun counties, moved Xuantu county to the west of Liaodong, and merged the three counties into Lelang county. Therefore, in Liaodong, which was originally a vassal state of North Korea and Yan State, a new Xuantu County was added from Liaodong County where Yan, Qin and Chu were located (the county is now Xinbin North Seoul, Liaoning Province), and three new counties were established under it: Koguryo, Shangyintai and Xigaima. From the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Koguryo nationality and its kingdom regime rose in Xuantu County, Liaodong. In the second year of Zhao Jian in the Western Han Dynasty (37 BC), Koguryo established political power in Koguryo County under the jurisdiction of Xuantu County in Han Dynasty. During the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, the regions and counties of Le Lang County and Xuantu County were constantly changing. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gongsun Kang, the satrap of Liaodong, ruled the county and set up Daifang County in the south. Besides. During the Han and Wei Dynasties, there were three Koreans living in the south of the Korean Peninsula, namely Mahan, Chen Han and Han Ge. Historically, 54 countries have exceeded100000 households. Chen Han and Han Ge have 20 countries, a total of 78 countries. There were 0.2 million/200 thousand households, and there were about 1 million people at that time.
3. Word generation ranking:
The Hui generation in Xiangxi, Hunan: "... Wan (Zhao) Tree (self-built) Forest () Wisdom (Sino-Singapore) Gold (Feng) ..."